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337 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
337 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# Drozer Tutorial
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/i3.png" alt="" data-size="original">
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**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
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{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
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## APKs to test
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* [Sieve](https://github.com/mwrlabs/drozer/releases/download/2.3.4/sieve.apk) (from mrwlabs)
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* [DIVA](https://payatu.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/diva-beta.tar.gz)
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**Parts of this tutorial were extracted from the** [**Drozer documentation pdf**](https://labs.withsecure.com/content/dam/labs/docs/mwri-drozer-user-guide-2015-03-23.pdf)**.**
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## Installation
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Install Drozer Client inside your host. Download it from the [latest releases](https://github.com/mwrlabs/drozer/releases).
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```bash
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pip install drozer-2.4.4-py2-none-any.whl
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pip install twisted
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pip install service_identity
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```
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Download and install drozer APK from the [latest releases](https://github.com/mwrlabs/drozer/releases). At this moment it is [this](https://github.com/mwrlabs/drozer/releases/download/2.3.4/drozer-agent-2.3.4.apk).
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```bash
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adb install drozer.apk
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```
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### Starting the Server
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Agent is running on port 31415, we need to [port forward](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port\_forwarding) to establish the communication between the Drozer Client and Agent, here is the command to do so:
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```bash
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adb forward tcp:31415 tcp:31415
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```
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Finally, **launch** the **application** and press the bottom "**ON**"
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.png>)
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And connect to it:
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```bash
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drozer console connect
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```
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## Interesting Commands
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| **Commands** | **Description** |
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| --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| **Help MODULE** | Shows help of the selected module |
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| **list** | Shows a list of all drozer modules that can be executed in the current session. This hides modules that you don’t have appropriate permissions to run. |
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| **shell** | Start an interactive Linux shell on the device, in the context of the Agent. |
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| **clean** | Remove temporary files stored by drozer on the Android device. |
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| **load** | Load a file containing drozer commands and execute them in sequence. |
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| **module** | Find and install additional drozer modules from the Internet. |
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| **unset** | Remove a named variable that drozer passes to any Linux shells that it spawns. |
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| **set** | Stores a value in a variable that will be passed as an environmental variable to any Linux shells spawned by drozer. |
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| **shell** | Start an interactive Linux shell on the device, in the context of the Agent |
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| **run MODULE** | Execute a drozer module |
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| **exploit** | Drozer can create exploits to execute in the decide. `drozer exploit list` |
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| **payload** | The exploits need a payload. `drozer payload list` |
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### Package
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Find the **name** of the package filtering by part of the name:
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```bash
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dz> run app.package.list -f sieve
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com.mwr.example.sieve
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```
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**Basic Information** of the package:
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```bash
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dz> run app.package.info -a com.mwr.example.sieve
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Package: com.mwr.example.sieve
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Process Name: com.mwr.example.sieve
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Version: 1.0
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Data Directory: /data/data/com.mwr.example.sieve
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APK Path: /data/app/com.mwr.example.sieve-2.apk
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UID: 10056
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GID: [1028, 1015, 3003]
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Shared Libraries: null
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Shared User ID: null
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Uses Permissions:
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- android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
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- android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
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- android.permission.INTERNET
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Defines Permissions:
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- com.mwr.example.sieve.READ_KEYS
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- com.mwr.example.sieve.WRITE_KEYS
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```
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Read **Manifest**:
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```bash
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run app.package.manifest jakhar.aseem.diva
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```
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**Attack surface** of the package:
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```bash
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dz> run app.package.attacksurface com.mwr.example.sieve
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Attack Surface:
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3 activities exported
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0 broadcast receivers exported
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2 content providers exported
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2 services exported
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is debuggable
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```
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* **Activities**: Maybe you can start an activity and bypass some kind of authorization that should be prevent you from launching it.
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* **Content providers**: Maybe you can access private data or exploit some vulnerability (SQL Injection or Path Traversal).
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* **Services**:
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* **is debuggable**: [Learn more](./#is-debuggeable)
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### Activities
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An exported activity component’s “android:exported” value is set to **“true”** in the AndroidManifest.xml file:
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```markup
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<activity android:name="com.my.app.Initial" android:exported="true">
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</activity>
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```
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**List exported activities**:
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```bash
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dz> run app.activity.info -a com.mwr.example.sieve
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Package: com.mwr.example.sieve
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com.mwr.example.sieve.FileSelectActivity
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com.mwr.example.sieve.MainLoginActivity
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com.mwr.example.sieve.PWList
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```
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**Start activity**:
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Maybe you can start an activity and bypass some kind of authorization that should be prevent you from launching it.
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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dz> run app.activity.start --component com.mwr.example.sieve com.mwr.example.sieve.PWList
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```
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{% endcode %}
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You can also start an exported activity from **adb**:
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* PackageName is com.example.demo
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* Exported ActivityName is com.example.test.MainActivity
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```bash
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adb shell am start -n com.example.demo/com.example.test.MainActivity
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```
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### Content Providers
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This post was so big to be here so **you can** [**access it in its own page here**](exploiting-content-providers.md).
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### Services
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A exported service is declared inside the Manifest.xml:
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```markup
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<service android:name=".AuthService" android:exported="true" android:process=":remote"/>
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```
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{% endcode %}
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Inside the code **check** for the \*\*`handleMessage`\*\*function which will **receive** the **message**:
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.png>)
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#### List service
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```bash
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dz> run app.service.info -a com.mwr.example.sieve
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Package: com.mwr.example.sieve
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com.mwr.example.sieve.AuthService
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Permission: null
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com.mwr.example.sieve.CryptoService
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Permission: null
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```
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#### **Interact** with a service
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```bash
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app.service.send Send a Message to a service, and display the reply
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app.service.start Start Service
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app.service.stop Stop Service
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```
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#### Example
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Take a look to the **drozer** help for `app.service.send`:
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.png>)
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Note that you will be sending first the data inside "_msg.what_", then "_msg.arg1_" and "_msg.arg2_", you should check inside the code **which information is being used** and where.\
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Using the `--extra` option you can send something interpreted by "_msg.replyTo"_, and using `--bundle-as-obj` you create and object with the provided details.
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In the following example:
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* `what == 2354`
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* `arg1 == 9234`
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* `arg2 == 1`
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* `replyTo == object(string com.mwr.example.sieve.PIN 1337)`
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```bash
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run app.service.send com.mwr.example.sieve com.mwr.example.sieve.AuthService --msg 2354 9234 1 --extra string com.mwr.example.sieve.PIN 1337 --bundle-as-obj
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```
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.png>)
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### Broadcast Receivers
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**In the Android basic info section you can see what is a Broadcast Receiver**.
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After discovering this Broadcast Receivers you should **check the code** of them. Pay special attention to the **`onReceive`** function as it will be handling the messages received.
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#### **Detect all** broadcast receivers
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```bash
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run app.broadcast.info #Detects all
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```
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#### Check broadcast receivers of an app
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```bash
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#Check one negative
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run app.broadcast.info -a jakhar.aseem.diva
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Package: jakhar.aseem.diva
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No matching receivers.
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# Check one positive
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run app.broadcast.info -a com.google.android.youtube
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Package: com.google.android.youtube
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com.google.android.libraries.youtube.player.PlayerUiModule$LegacyMediaButtonIntentReceiver
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Permission: null
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com.google.android.apps.youtube.app.common.notification.GcmBroadcastReceiver
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Permission: com.google.android.c2dm.permission.SEND
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com.google.android.apps.youtube.app.PackageReplacedReceiver
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Permission: null
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com.google.android.libraries.youtube.account.AccountsChangedReceiver
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Permission: null
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com.google.android.apps.youtube.app.application.system.LocaleUpdatedReceiver
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Permission: null
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```
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#### Broadcast **Interactions**
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```bash
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app.broadcast.info Get information about broadcast receivers
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app.broadcast.send Send broadcast using an intent
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app.broadcast.sniff Register a broadcast receiver that can sniff particular intents
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```
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#### Send a message
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In this example abusing the [FourGoats apk](https://github.com/linkedin/qark/blob/master/tests/goatdroid.apk) Content Provider you can **send an arbitrary SMS** any non-premium destination **without asking** the user for permission.
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.png>)
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.png>)
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If you read the code, the parameters "_phoneNumber_" and "_message_" must be sent to the Content Provider.
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```bash
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run app.broadcast.send --action org.owasp.goatdroid.fourgoats.SOCIAL_SMS --component org.owasp.goatdroid.fourgoats.broadcastreceivers SendSMSNowReceiver --extra string phoneNumber 123456789 --extra string message "Hello mate!"
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```
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### Is debuggeable
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A prodduction APK should never be debuggeable.\
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This mean that you can **attach java debugger** to the running application, inspect it in run time, set breakpoints, go step by step, gather variable values and even change them.[ InfoSec institute has an excellent article](../exploiting-a-debuggeable-applciation.md) on digging deeper when you application is debuggable and injecting runtime code.
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When an application is debuggable, it will appear in the Manifest:
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```xml
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<application theme="@2131296387" debuggable="true"
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```
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You can find all debuggeable applications with **Drozer**:
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```bash
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run app.package.debuggable
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```
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## Tutorials
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* [https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/android-penetration-tools-walkthrough-series-drozer/#gref](https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/android-penetration-tools-walkthrough-series-drozer/#gref)
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* [https://github.com/mgcfish/mobiletools/blob/master/\_posts/2016-08-01-Using-Drozer-for-application-security-assessments.md](https://github.com/mgcfish/mobiletools/blob/master/\_posts/2016-08-01-Using-Drozer-for-application-security-assessments.md)
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* [https://www.hackingarticles.in/android-penetration-testing-drozer/](https://www.hackingarticles.in/android-penetration-testing-drozer/)
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* [https://medium.com/@ashrafrizvi3006/how-to-test-android-application-security-using-drozer-edc002c5dcac](https://medium.com/@ashrafrizvi3006/how-to-test-android-application-security-using-drozer-edc002c5dcac)
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## More info
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* [https://blog.dixitaditya.com/android-pentesting-cheatsheet/](https://blog.dixitaditya.com/android-pentesting-cheatsheet/)
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<img src="../../../.gitbook/assets/i3.png" alt="" data-size="original">
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**Bug bounty tip**: **sign up** for **Intigriti**, a premium **bug bounty platform created by hackers, for hackers**! Join us at [**https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks**](https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks) today, and start earning bounties up to **$100,000**!
|
||
|
||
{% embed url="https://go.intigriti.com/hacktricks" %}
|
||
|
||
{% hint style="success" %}
|
||
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
|
||
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
|
||
|
||
<details>
|
||
|
||
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
||
|
||
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
|
||
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
||
|
||
</details>
|
||
{% endhint %}
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