mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
synced 2024-12-20 18:14:15 +00:00
79 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
79 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
|
|
|
|
{% hint style="success" %}
|
|
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
|
|
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
|
|
|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
|
|
|
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
|
|
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
|
|
|
</details>
|
|
{% endhint %}
|
|
{% endhint %}
|
|
|
|
The following steps are recommended for modifying device startup configurations and bootloaders like U-boot:
|
|
|
|
1. **Access Bootloader's Interpreter Shell**:
|
|
- During boot, press "0", space, or other identified "magic codes" to access the bootloader's interpreter shell.
|
|
|
|
2. **Modify Boot Arguments**:
|
|
- Execute the following commands to append '`init=/bin/sh`' to the boot arguments, allowing execution of a shell command:
|
|
%%%
|
|
#printenv
|
|
#setenv bootargs=console=ttyS0,115200 mem=63M root=/dev/mtdblock3 mtdparts=sflash:<partitiionInfo> rootfstype=<fstype> hasEeprom=0 5srst=0 init=/bin/sh
|
|
#saveenv
|
|
#boot
|
|
%%%
|
|
|
|
3. **Setup TFTP Server**:
|
|
- Configure a TFTP server to load images over a local network:
|
|
%%%
|
|
#setenv ipaddr 192.168.2.2 #local IP of the device
|
|
#setenv serverip 192.168.2.1 #TFTP server IP
|
|
#saveenv
|
|
#reset
|
|
#ping 192.168.2.1 #check network access
|
|
#tftp ${loadaddr} uImage-3.6.35 #loadaddr takes the address to load the file into and the filename of the image on the TFTP server
|
|
%%%
|
|
|
|
4. **Utilize `ubootwrite.py`**:
|
|
- Use `ubootwrite.py` to write the U-boot image and push a modified firmware to gain root access.
|
|
|
|
5. **Check Debug Features**:
|
|
- Verify if debug features like verbose logging, loading arbitrary kernels, or booting from untrusted sources are enabled.
|
|
|
|
6. **Cautionary Hardware Interference**:
|
|
- Be cautious when connecting one pin to ground and interacting with SPI or NAND flash chips during the device boot-up sequence, particularly before the kernel decompresses. Consult the NAND flash chip's datasheet before shorting pins.
|
|
|
|
7. **Configure Rogue DHCP Server**:
|
|
- Set up a rogue DHCP server with malicious parameters for a device to ingest during a PXE boot. Utilize tools like Metasploit's (MSF) DHCP auxiliary server. Modify the 'FILENAME' parameter with command injection commands such as `'a";/bin/sh;#'` to test input validation for device startup procedures.
|
|
|
|
**Note**: The steps involving physical interaction with device pins (*marked with asterisks) should be approached with extreme caution to avoid damaging the device.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## References
|
|
* [https://scriptingxss.gitbook.io/firmware-security-testing-methodology/](https://scriptingxss.gitbook.io/firmware-security-testing-methodology/)
|
|
|
|
{% hint style="success" %}
|
|
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
|
|
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
|
|
|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
|
|
|
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
|
|
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
|
|
|
</details>
|
|
{% endhint %}
|
|
</details>
|
|
{% endhint %}
|
|
|
|
|