mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
synced 2024-11-15 01:17:36 +00:00
58 lines
2.6 KiB
Markdown
58 lines
2.6 KiB
Markdown
# Emails Vulnerabilities
|
||
|
||
## Payloads
|
||
|
||
### Ignored parts of an email
|
||
|
||
The symbols: **+, -** and **{}** in rare occasions can be used for tagging and ignored by most e-mail servers
|
||
|
||
* E.g. john.doe+intigriti@example.com → john.doe@example.com
|
||
|
||
**Comments between parentheses \(\)** at the beginning or the end will also be ignored
|
||
|
||
* E.g. john.doe\(intigriti\)@example.com → john.doe@example.com
|
||
|
||
### Whitelist bypass
|
||
|
||
* inti\(;inti@inti.io;\)@whitelisted.com
|
||
* inti@inti.io\(@whitelisted.com\)
|
||
* inti+\(@whitelisted.com;\)@inti.io
|
||
|
||
### IPs
|
||
|
||
You can also use IPs as domain named between square brackets:
|
||
|
||
* john.doe@\[127.0.0.1\]
|
||
* john.doe@\[IPv6:2001:db8::1\]
|
||
|
||
### Other vulns
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Third party SSO
|
||
|
||
### XSS
|
||
|
||
Some services like **github** or **salesforce allows** you to create an **email address with XSS payloads on it**. If you can **use this providers to login on other services** and this services **aren't sanitising** correctly the email, you could cause **XSS**.
|
||
|
||
### Account-Takeover
|
||
|
||
If a **SSO service** allows you to **create an account without verifying the given email address** \(like **salesforce**\) and then you can use that account to **login in a different service** that **trusts** salesforce, you could access any account.
|
||
_Note that salesforce indicates if the given email was or not verified but so the application should take into account this info._
|
||
|
||
## Reply-To
|
||
|
||
You can send an email using _**From: company.com**_ ****and _**Replay-To: attacker.com**_ and if any **automatic reply** is sent due to the email was sent **from** an **internal address** the **attacker** may be able to **receive** that **response**.
|
||
|
||
## **References**
|
||
|
||
* \*\*\*\*[**https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iKL6wbp3yYwOmxEtAg1jEmuOf8RM8ty9/view**](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iKL6wbp3yYwOmxEtAg1jEmuOf8RM8ty9/view)\*\*\*\*
|
||
|
||
## Hard Bounce Rate
|
||
|
||
Some applications like AWS have a **Hard Bounce Rate** \(in AWS is 10%\), that whenever is overloaded the email service is blocked.
|
||
|
||
A **hard bounce** is an **email** that couldn’t be delivered for some permanent reasons. Maybe the **email’s** a fake address, maybe the **email** domain isn’t a real domain, or maybe the **email** recipient’s server won’t accept **emails**\) , that means from total of 1000 emails if 100 of them were fake or were invalid that caused all of them to bounce, **AWS SES** will block your service.
|
||
|
||
So, if you are able to **send mails \(maybe invitations\) from the web application to any email address, you could provoke this block by sending hundreds of invitations to nonexistent users and domains: Email service DoS.**
|
||
|