mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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369 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
369 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# macOS Objective-C
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<details>
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<summary><strong>从零到英雄学习AWS黑客技术，通过</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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支持HackTricks的其他方式：
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* 如果您想在**HackTricks中看到您的公司广告**或**下载HackTricks的PDF**，请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* 获取[**官方PEASS & HackTricks商品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* 发现[**PEASS家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)，我们独家的[**NFTs系列**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **加入** 💬 [**Discord群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f)或[**telegram群组**](https://t.me/peass)或在**Twitter** 🐦 上**关注**我 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**。**
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* **通过向** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github仓库提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧。
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</details>
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## Objective-C
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{% hint style="danger" %}
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请注意，用Objective-C编写的程序在编译成[Mach-O二进制文件](macos-files-folders-and-binaries/universal-binaries-and-mach-o-format.md)时**保留**它们的类声明。这些类声明**包括**以下名称和类型：
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{% endhint %}
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* 类
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* 类方法
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* 类实例变量
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您可以使用[**class-dump**](https://github.com/nygard/class-dump)获取这些信息：
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```bash
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class-dump Kindle.app
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```
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请注意，这些名称可能会被混淆，以使二进制文件的反向工程更加困难。
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## 类、方法和对象
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### 接口、属性和方法
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```objectivec
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// Declare the interface of the class
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@interface MyVehicle : NSObject
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// Declare the properties
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@property NSString *vehicleType;
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@property int numberOfWheels;
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// Declare the methods
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- (void)startEngine;
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- (void)addWheels:(int)value;
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@end
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```
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### **类**
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```objectivec
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@implementation MyVehicle : NSObject
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// No need to indicate the properties, only define methods
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- (void)startEngine {
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NSLog(@"Engine started");
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}
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- (void)addWheels:(int)value {
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self.numberOfWheels += value;
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}
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@end
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```
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### **对象 & 调用方法**
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要创建一个类的实例，需要调用 **`alloc`** 方法来为每个**属性**分配内存，并将这些分配置零。然后调用 **`init`**，它将**属性初始化**为**所需的值**。
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```objectivec
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// Something like this:
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MyVehicle *newVehicle = [[MyVehicle alloc] init];
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// Which is usually expressed as:
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MyVehicle *newVehicle = [MyVehicle new];
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// To call a method
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// [myClassInstance nameOfTheMethodFirstParam:param1 secondParam:param2]
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[newVehicle addWheels:4];
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```
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### **类方法**
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类方法使用**加号**（+）定义，而不是用于实例方法的连字符（-）。就像**NSString**类方法**`stringWithString`**：
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```objectivec
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+ (id)stringWithString:(NSString *)aString;
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```
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### Setter & Getter
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要**设置**和**获取**属性，你可以使用**点表示法**或者像**调用方法**一样：
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```objectivec
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// Set
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newVehicle.numberOfWheels = 2;
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[newVehicle setNumberOfWheels:3];
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// Get
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NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", newVehicle.numberOfWheels);
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NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", [newVehicle numberOfWheels]);
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```
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### **实例变量**
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除了使用 setter 和 getter 方法外，您还可以使用实例变量。这些变量的名称与属性相同，但以“\_”开头：
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```objectivec
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- (void)makeLongTruck {
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_numberOfWheels = +10000;
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NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", self.numberOfLeaves);
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}
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```
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### 协议
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协议是一组方法声明（不包含属性）。实现协议的类需要实现声明的方法。
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方法有两种类型：**必须** 和 **可选**。默认情况下，方法是 **必须** 的（但你也可以使用 **`@required`** 标签来指明）。要表示方法是可选的，使用 **`@optional`**。
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```objectivec
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@protocol myNewProtocol
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- (void) method1; //mandatory
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@required
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- (void) method2; //mandatory
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@optional
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- (void) method3; //optional
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@end
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```
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### 全部整合
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```objectivec
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// gcc -framework Foundation test_obj.m -o test_obj
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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
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@protocol myVehicleProtocol
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- (void) startEngine; //mandatory
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@required
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- (void) addWheels:(int)value; //mandatory
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@optional
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- (void) makeLongTruck; //optional
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@end
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@interface MyVehicle : NSObject <myVehicleProtocol>
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@property int numberOfWheels;
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- (void)startEngine;
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- (void)addWheels:(int)value;
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- (void)makeLongTruck;
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@end
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@implementation MyVehicle : NSObject
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- (void)startEngine {
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NSLog(@"Engine started");
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}
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- (void)addWheels:(int)value {
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self.numberOfWheels += value;
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}
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- (void)makeLongTruck {
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_numberOfWheels = +10000;
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NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", self.numberOfWheels);
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}
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@end
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int main() {
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MyVehicle* mySuperCar = [MyVehicle new];
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[mySuperCar startEngine];
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mySuperCar.numberOfWheels = 4;
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NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", mySuperCar.numberOfWheels);
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[mySuperCar setNumberOfWheels:3];
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NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", mySuperCar.numberOfWheels);
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[mySuperCar makeLongTruck];
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}
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```
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### 基本类别
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#### 字符串
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```objectivec
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// NSString
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NSString *bookTitle = @"The Catcher in the Rye";
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NSString *bookAuthor = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:"J.D. Salinger" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
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NSString *bookPublicationYear = [NSString stringWithCString:"1951" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
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```
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{% endcode %}
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基本类是**不可变的**，因此要在现有字符串上追加字符串，需要**创建一个新的 NSString**。
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```objectivec
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NSString *bookDescription = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ by %@ was published in %@", bookTitle, bookAuthor, bookPublicationYear];
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```
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{% endcode %}
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或者您也可以使用一个**可变**字符串类：
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```objectivec
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NSMutableString *mutableString = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"The book "];
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[mutableString appendString:bookTitle];
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[mutableString appendString:@" was written by "];
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[mutableString appendString:bookAuthor];
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[mutableString appendString:@" and published in "];
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[mutableString appendString:bookPublicationYear];
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```
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#### 数字
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```objectivec
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// character literals.
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NSNumber *theLetterZ = @'Z'; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithChar:'Z']
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// integral literals.
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NSNumber *fortyTwo = @42; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithInt:42]
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NSNumber *fortyTwoUnsigned = @42U; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInt:42U]
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NSNumber *fortyTwoLong = @42L; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithLong:42L]
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NSNumber *fortyTwoLongLong = @42LL; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithLongLong:42LL]
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// floating point literals.
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NSNumber *piFloat = @3.141592654F; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithFloat:3.141592654F]
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NSNumber *piDouble = @3.1415926535; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithDouble:3.1415926535]
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// BOOL literals.
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NSNumber *yesNumber = @YES; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES]
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NSNumber *noNumber = @NO; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithBool:NO]
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```
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#### 数组、集合与字典
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```objectivec
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// Inmutable arrays
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NSArray *colorsArray1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"red", @"green", @"blue", nil];
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NSArray *colorsArray2 = @[@"yellow", @"cyan", @"magenta"];
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NSArray *colorsArray3 = @[firstColor, secondColor, thirdColor];
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// Mutable arrays
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NSMutableArray *mutColorsArray = [NSMutableArray array];
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[mutColorsArray addObject:@"red"];
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[mutColorsArray addObject:@"green"];
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[mutColorsArray addObject:@"blue"];
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[mutColorsArray addObject:@"yellow"];
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[mutColorsArray replaceObjectAtIndex:0 withObject:@"purple"];
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// Inmutable Sets
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NSSet *fruitsSet1 = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"apple", @"banana", @"orange", nil];
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NSSet *fruitsSet2 = [NSSet setWithArray:@[@"apple", @"banana", @"orange"]];
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// Mutable sets
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NSMutableSet *mutFruitsSet = [NSMutableSet setWithObjects:@"apple", @"banana", @"orange", nil];
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[mutFruitsSet addObject:@"grape"];
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[mutFruitsSet removeObject:@"apple"];
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// Dictionary
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NSDictionary *fruitColorsDictionary = @{
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@"apple" : @"red",
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@"banana" : @"yellow",
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@"orange" : @"orange",
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@"grape" : @"purple"
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};
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// In dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys you specify the value and then the key:
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NSDictionary *fruitColorsDictionary2 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
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@"red", @"apple",
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@"yellow", @"banana",
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@"orange", @"orange",
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@"purple", @"grape",
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nil];
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// Mutable dictionary
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NSMutableDictionary *mutFruitColorsDictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:fruitColorsDictionary];
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[mutFruitColorsDictionary setObject:@"green" forKey:@"apple"];
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[mutFruitColorsDictionary removeObjectForKey:@"grape"];
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```
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{% endcode %}
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### Blocks
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Blocks 是**表现为对象的函数**，因此它们可以被传递给函数或**存储**在**数组**或**字典**中。此外，如果它们被赋予值，它们可以**代表一个值**，所以它与 lambdas 相似。
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```objectivec
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returnType (^blockName)(argumentType1, argumentType2, ...) = ^(argumentType1 param1, argumentType2 param2, ...){
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//Perform operations here
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};
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// For example
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int (^suma)(int, int) = ^(int a, int b){
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return a+b;
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};
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NSLog(@"3+4 = %d", suma(3,4));
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```
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```markdown
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也可以**定义一个块类型用作函数中的参数**：
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```
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```objectivec
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// Define the block type
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typedef void (^callbackLogger)(void);
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// Create a bloack with the block type
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callbackLogger myLogger = ^{
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NSLog(@"%@", @"This is my block");
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};
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// Use it inside a function as a param
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void genericLogger(callbackLogger blockParam) {
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NSLog(@"%@", @"This is my function");
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blockParam();
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}
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genericLogger(myLogger);
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// Call it inline
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genericLogger(^{
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NSLog(@"%@", @"This is my second block");
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});
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```
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### 文件
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```objectivec
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// Manager to manage files
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NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
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// Check if file exists:
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if ([fileManager fileExistsAtPath:@"/path/to/file.txt" ] == YES) {
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NSLog (@"File exists");
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}
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// copy files
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if ([fileManager copyItemAtPath: @"/path/to/file1.txt" toPath: @"/path/to/file2.txt" error:nil] == YES) {
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NSLog (@"Copy successful");
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}
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// Check if the content of 2 files match
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if ([fileManager contentsEqualAtPath:@"/path/to/file1.txt" andPath:@"/path/to/file2.txt"] == YES) {
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NSLog (@"File contents match");
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}
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// Delete file
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if ([fileManager removeItemAtPath:@"/path/to/file1.txt" error:nil]) {
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NSLog(@"Removed successfully");
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}
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```
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{% endcode %}
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也可以通过使用 `NSURL` 对象**而不是 `NSString` 对象**来管理文件。方法名称类似，但是**使用 `URL` 替代 `Path`**。
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```objectivec
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NSURL *fileSrc = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"/path/to/file1.txt"];
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NSURL *fileDst = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"/path/to/file2.txt"];
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[fileManager moveItemAtURL:fileSrc toURL:fileDst error: nil];
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```
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大多数基础类都定义了一个方法 `writeToFile:<path> atomically:<YES> encoding:<encoding> error:nil`，允许它们直接写入文件：
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```objectivec
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NSString* tmp = @"something temporary";
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[tmp writeToFile:@"/tmp/tmp1.txt" atomically:YES encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding error:nil];
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```
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<details>
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||
|
||
<summary><strong>从零到英雄学习AWS黑客攻击</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>！</strong></summary>
|
||
|
||
支持HackTricks的其他方式：
|
||
|
||
* 如果您想在**HackTricks中看到您的公司广告**或**下载HackTricks的PDF**，请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)！
|
||
* 获取[**官方PEASS & HackTricks商品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||
* 发现[**PEASS家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)，我们独家的[**NFTs系列**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||
* **加入** 💬 [**Discord群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f)或[**telegram群组**](https://t.me/peass)或在**Twitter** 🐦 上**关注**我 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**。**
|
||
* **通过向** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github仓库提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧。
|
||
|
||
</details>
|