hacktricks/pentesting-web/file-inclusion/lfi2rce-via-temp-file-uploads.md
2024-12-12 11:39:29 +01:00

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**Check the full details of this technique in [https://gynvael.coldwind.pl/download.php?f=PHP\_LFI\_rfc1867\_temporary\_files.pdf](https://gynvael.coldwind.pl/download.php?f=PHP\_LFI\_rfc1867\_temporary\_files.pdf)**
## **PHP File uploads**
When a **PHP** engine receives a **POST request** containing files formatted according to RFC 1867, it generates temporary files to store the uploaded data. These files are crucial for file upload handling in PHP scripts. The `move_uploaded_file` function must be used to relocate these temporary files to a desired location if persistent storage beyond the script's execution is needed. Post-execution, PHP automatically deletes any remaining temporary files.
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**Security Alert: Attackers, aware of the temporary files' location, might exploit a Local File Inclusion vulnerability to execute code by accessing the file during upload.**
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The challenge for unauthorized access lies in predicting the temporary file's name, which is intentionally randomized.
#### Exploitation on Windows Systems
On Windows, PHP generates temporary file names using the `GetTempFileName` function, resulting in a pattern like `<path>\<pre><uuuu>.TMP`. Notably:
- The default path is typically `C:\Windows\Temp`.
- The prefix is usually "php".
- The `<uuuu>` represents a unique hexadecimal value. Crucially, due to the function's limitation, only the lower 16 bits are used, allowing for a maximum of 65,535 unique names with constant path and prefix, making brute force feasible.
Moreover, the exploitation process is simplified on Windows systems. A peculiarity in the `FindFirstFile` function permits the use of wildcards in Local File Inclusion (LFI) paths. This enables crafting an include path like the following to locate the temporary file:
```
http://site/vuln.php?inc=c:\windows\temp\php<<
```
In certain situations, a more specific mask (like `php1<<` or `phpA<<`) might be required. One can systematically try these masks to discover the uploaded temporary file.
#### Exploitation on GNU/Linux Systems
For GNU/Linux systems, the randomness in temporary file naming is robust, rendering the names neither predictable nor susceptible to brute force attacks. Further details can be found in the referenced documentation.
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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