hacktricks/pentesting-web/dependency-confusion.md
Carlos Polop ed03e5afcf a
2024-07-19 01:15:55 +02:00

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# Dependency Confusion
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<figure><img src="https://pentest.eu/RENDER_WebSec_10fps_21sec_9MB_29042024.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
## Basic Information
In summary, a dependency confusion vulnerability occurs when a project is using a library with a **misspelled** name, **inexistent** or with an **unspecified version** and the used dependency repository allows to **gather updated versions from public** repositories.
* **Misspelled**: Import **`reqests`** instead of `requests`
* **Inexistent**: Import `company-logging`, an internal library which **no longer exists**
* **Unspecified version**: Import an **internal** **existent** `company-requests` library , but the repo check **public repos** to see if there are **greater versions**.
## Exploitation
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In all cases the attacker just need to publish a **malicious package with name** of libraries used by the victim company.
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### Misspelled & Inexistent
If your company is trying to **import a library that isn't internal**, highly probably the repo of libraries is going to be searching for it in **public repositories**. If an attacker has created it, your code and machines running is highly probably going to be compromised.
### Unspecified Version
It's very common for developers to **not specify any version** of the library used, or specify just a **mayor version**. Then, the interpreter will try to download the **latest version** fitting those requirements.\
If the library is a **known external library** (like python `requests`), an **attacker cannot do much**, as he won't be able to create a library called `requests` (unless he is the original author).\
However, if the library is **internal**, like `requests-company` in this example, if the **library repo** allows to **check for new versions also externally**, it will search for a newer version publicly available.\
So if an **attacker knows** that the company is using the `requests-company` library **version 1.0.1** (allow minor updates). He can **publish** the library `requests-company` **version 1.0.2** and the company will **use that library instead** of the internal one.
## AWS Fix
This vulnerability was found in AWS **CodeArtifact** (read the [**details in this blog post**](https://zego.engineering/dependency-confusion-in-aws-codeartifact-86b9ff68963d)).\
AWS fixed this by allowing to specify if a library is internal or external, to avoid downloading internal dependencied from external repositories.
## Finding Vulnerable Libraries
In the [**original post about dependency confusion**](https://medium.com/@alex.birsan/dependency-confusion-4a5d60fec610) the author searched for thousands of exposed package.json files containing javascript projects dependencies.
## References
* [https://medium.com/@alex.birsan/dependency-confusion-4a5d60fec610](https://medium.com/@alex.birsan/dependency-confusion-4a5d60fec610)
* [https://zego.engineering/dependency-confusion-in-aws-codeartifact-86b9ff68963d](https://zego.engineering/dependency-confusion-in-aws-codeartifact-86b9ff68963d)
<figure><img src="https://pentest.eu/RENDER_WebSec_10fps_21sec_9MB_29042024.gif" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
{% embed url="https://websec.nl/" %}
{% hint style="success" %}
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
<details>
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
</details>
{% endhint %}