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2022-05-01 12:16:37 +01:00

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Cloud Security Review

Check for nice cloud hacking tricks in https://hackingthe.cloud

Generic tools

There are several tools that can be used to test different cloud environments. The installation steps and links are going to be indicated in this section.

ScoutSuite

AWS, Azure, GCP, Alibaba Cloud, Oracle Cloud Infrastructure

pip3 install scoutsuite

cs-suite

AWS, GCP, Azure, DigitalOcean

git clone https://github.com/SecurityFTW/cs-suite.git && cd cs-suite/
pip install virtualenv
virtualenv -p python2.7 venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
python cs.py --help

Nessus

Nessus has an Audit Cloud Infrastructure scan supporting: AWS, Azure, Office 365, Rackspace, Salesforce. Some extra configurations in Azure are needed to obtain a Client Id.

Common Sense

Take a look to the network access rules and detect if the services are correctly protected:

ssh available from everywhere?
Unencrypted services running (telnet, http, ...)?
Unprotected admin consoles?
In general, check that all services are correctly protected depending on their needs

Azure

Access the portal here: http://portal.azure.com/
To start the tests you should have access with a user with Reader permissions over the subscription and Global Reader role in AzureAD. If even in that case you are not able to access the content of the Storage accounts you can fix it with the role Storage Account Contributor.

It is recommended to install azure-cli in a linux and windows virtual machines (to be able to run powershell and python scripts): https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cli?view=azure-cli-latest
Then, run az login to login. Note the account information and token will be saved inside <HOME>/.azure (in both Windows and Linux).

Remember that if the Security Centre Standard Pricing Tier is being used and not the free tier, you can generate a CIS compliance scan report from the azure portal. Go to Policy & Compliance-> Regulatory Compliance (or try to access https://portal.azure.com/#blade/Microsoft_Azure_Security/SecurityMenuBlade/22).
__If the company is not paying for a Standard account you may need to review the CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark by "hand" (you can get some help using the following tools). Download it from here.

Run scanners

Run the scanners to look for vulnerabilities and compare the security measures implemented with CIS.

pip install scout
scout azure --cli --report-dir <output_dir>

#Fix azureaudit.py before launching cs.py
#Adding "j_res = {}" on line 1074
python cs.py -env azure

#Azucar is an Azure security scanner for PowerShell (https://github.com/nccgroup/azucar)
#Run it from its folder
.\Azucar.ps1 -AuthMode Interactive -ForceAuth -ExportTo EXCEL

#Azure-CIS-Scanner,CIS scanner for Azure (https://github.com/kbroughton/azure_cis_scanner)
pip3 install azure-cis-scanner #Install
azscan #Run, login before with `az login`

Attack Graph

Stormspotter creates an “attack graph” of the resources in an Azure subscription. It enables red teams and pentesters to visualize the attack surface and pivot opportunities within a tenant, and supercharges your defenders to quickly orient and prioritize incident response work.

More checks

Check for a high number of Global Admin (between 2-4 are recommended). Access it on: https://portal.azure.com/#blade/Microsoft_AAD_IAM/ActiveDirectoryMenuBlade/Overview
Global admins should have MFA activated. Go to Users and click on Multi-Factor Authentication button.

Dedicated admin account shouldn't have mailboxes (they can only have mailboxes if they have Office 365).
Local AD shouldn't be sync with Azure AD if not needed(https://portal.azure.com/#blade/Microsoft_AAD_IAM/ActiveDirectoryMenuBlade/AzureADConnect). And if synced Password Hash Sync should be enabled for reliability. In this case it's disabled:

Global Administrators shouldn't be synced from a local AD. Check if Global Administrators emails uses the domain onmicrosoft.com. If not, check the source of the user, the source should be Azure Active Directory, if it comes from Windows Server AD, then report it.

Standard tier is recommended instead of free tier (see the tier being used in Pricing & Settings or in https://portal.azure.com/#blade/Microsoft_Azure_Security/SecurityMenuBlade/24)
Periodic SQL servers scans:

Select the SQL server --> Make sure that 'Advanced data security' is set to 'On' --> Under 'Vulnerability assessment settings', set 'Periodic recurring scans' to 'On', and configure a storage account for storing vulnerability assessment scan results --> Click Save
Lack of App Services restrictions: Look for "App Services" in Azure (https://portal.azure.com/#blade/HubsExtension/BrowseResource/resourceType/Microsoft.Web%2Fsites) and check if anyone is being used. In that case check go through each App checking for "Access Restrictions" and there aren't rules, report it. The access to the app service should be restricted according to the needs.

Office365

You need Global Admin or at least Global Admin Reader (but note that Global Admin Reader is a little bit limited). However, those limitations appear in some PS modules and can be bypassed accessing the features via the web application.

AWS

Get objects in graph: https://github.com/FSecureLABS/awspx

GPC

{% content-ref url="gcp-security/" %} gcp-security {% endcontent-ref %}