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150 lines
7.9 KiB
Markdown
150 lines
7.9 KiB
Markdown
# Account Takeover
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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## **Authorization Issue**
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The email of an account should be attempted to be changed, and the confirmation process **must be examined**. If found to be **weak**, the email should be changed to that of the intended victim and then confirmed.
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## **Unicode Normalization Issue**
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1. The account of the intended victim `victim@gmail.com`
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2. An account should be created using Unicode\
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for example: `vićtim@gmail.com`
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As explained in [**this talk**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiIyaZ3x49c), the previous attack could also be done abusing third party identity providers:
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* Create an account in the third party identity with similar email to the victim using some unicode character (`vićtim@company.com`).
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* The third party provider shouldn't verify the email
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* If the identity provider verifies the email, maybe you can attack the domain part like: `victim@ćompany.com` and register that domain and hope that the identity provider generates the ascii version of the domain while the victim platform normalize the domain name.
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* Login via this identity provider in the victim platform who should normalize the unicode character and allow you to access the victim account.
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For further details, refer to the document on Unicode Normalization:
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{% content-ref url="unicode-injection/unicode-normalization.md" %}
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[unicode-normalization.md](unicode-injection/unicode-normalization.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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## **Reusing Reset Token**
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Should the target system allow the **reset link to be reused**, efforts should be made to **find more reset links** using tools such as `gau`, `wayback`, or `scan.io`.
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## **Pre Account Takeover**
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1. The victim's email should be used to sign up on the platform, and a password should be set (an attempt to confirm it should be made, although lacking access to the victim's emails might render this impossible).
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2. One should wait until the victim signs up using OAuth and confirms the account.
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3. It is hoped that the regular signup will be confirmed, allowing access to the victim's account.
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## **CORS Misconfiguration to Account Takeover**
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If the page contains **CORS misconfigurations** you might be able to **steal sensitive information** from the user to **takeover his account** or make him change auth information for the same purpose:
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{% content-ref url="cors-bypass.md" %}
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[cors-bypass.md](cors-bypass.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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## **Csrf to Account Takeover**
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If the page is vulnerable to CSRF you might be able to make the **user modify his password**, email or authentication so you can then access it:
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{% content-ref url="csrf-cross-site-request-forgery.md" %}
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[csrf-cross-site-request-forgery.md](csrf-cross-site-request-forgery.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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## **XSS to Account Takeover**
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If you find a XSS in application you might be able to steal cookies, local storage, or info from the web page that could allow you takeover the account:
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{% content-ref url="xss-cross-site-scripting/" %}
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[xss-cross-site-scripting](xss-cross-site-scripting/)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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## **Same Origin + Cookies**
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If you find a limited XSS or a subdomain take over, you could play with the cookies (fixating them for example) to try to compromise the victim account:
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{% content-ref url="hacking-with-cookies/" %}
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[hacking-with-cookies](hacking-with-cookies/)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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## **Attacking Password Reset Mechanism**
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{% content-ref url="reset-password.md" %}
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[reset-password.md](reset-password.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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## **Response Manipulation**
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If the authentication response could be **reduced to a simple boolean just try to change false to true** and see if you get any access.
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## OAuth to Account takeover
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{% content-ref url="oauth-to-account-takeover.md" %}
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[oauth-to-account-takeover.md](oauth-to-account-takeover.md)
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{% endcontent-ref %}
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## Host Header Injection
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1. The Host header is modified following a password reset request initiation.
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2. The `X-Forwarded-For` proxy header is altered to `attacker.com`.
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3. The Host, Referrer, and Origin headers are simultaneously changed to `attacker.com`.
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4. After initiating a password reset and then opting to resend the mail, all three of the aforementioned methods are employed.
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## Response Manipulation
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1. **Code Manipulation**: The status code is altered to `200 OK`.
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2. **Code and Body Manipulation**:
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* The status code is changed to `200 OK`.
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* The response body is modified to `{"success":true}` or an empty object `{}`.
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These manipulation techniques are effective in scenarios where JSON is utilized for data transmission and receipt.
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## Change email of current session
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From [this report](https://dynnyd20.medium.com/one-click-account-take-over-e500929656ea):
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* Attacker requests to change his email with a new one
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* Attacker receives a link to confirm the change of the email
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* Attacker send the victim the link so he clicks it
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* The victims email is changed to the one indicated by the attacker
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* The attack can recover the password and take over the account
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This also happened in [**this report**](https://dynnyd20.medium.com/one-click-account-take-over-e500929656ea).
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### Old Cookies
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As explained [**in this post**](https://medium.com/@niraj1mahajan/uncovering-the-hidden-vulnerability-how-i-found-an-authentication-bypass-on-shopifys-exchange-cc2729ea31a9), it was possible to login into an account, save the cookies as an authenticated user, logout, and then login again.\
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With the new login, although different cookies might be generated the old ones became to work again.
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## References
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* [https://infosecwriteups.com/firing-8-account-takeover-methods-77e892099050](https://infosecwriteups.com/firing-8-account-takeover-methods-77e892099050)
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* [https://dynnyd20.medium.com/one-click-account-take-over-e500929656ea](https://dynnyd20.medium.com/one-click-account-take-over-e500929656ea)
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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