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167 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
167 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
# Linux Environment Variables
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<details>
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<summary><a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ HackTricks LIVE Twitch</strong></a> <strong>Wednesdays 5.30pm (UTC) 🎙️ -</strong> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
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* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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## Global variables
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The global variables **will be** inherited by **child processes**.
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You can create a global variable for your current session doing:
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```bash
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export MYGLOBAL="hello world"
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echo $MYGLOBAL #Prints: hello world
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```
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This variable will be accessible by your current sessions and its child processes.
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You can **remove** a variable doing:
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```bash
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unset MYGLOBAL
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```
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## Local variables
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The **local variables** can only be **accessed** by the **current shell/script**.
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```bash
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LOCAL="my local"
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echo $LOCAL
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unset LOCAL
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```
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## List current variables
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```bash
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set
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env
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printenv
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cat /proc/$$/environ
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cat /proc/`python -c "import os; print(os.getppid())"`/environ
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```
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## Persistent Environment variables
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#### **Files that affect behavior of every user:**
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* _**/etc/bash.bashrc**_: This file is read whenever an interactive shell is started (normal terminal) and all the commands specified in here are executed.
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* _**/etc/profile and /etc/profile.d/\***_**:** This file is read every time a user logs in. Thus all the commands executed in here will execute only once at the time of user logging in.
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* \*\*Example: \*\*
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`/etc/profile.d/somescript.sh`
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```bash
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#!/bin/bash
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TEST=$(cat /var/somefile)
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export $TEST
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```
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#### **Files that affect behavior for only a specific user:**
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* _**\~/.bashrc**_: This file behaves the same way _/etc/bash.bashrc_ file works but it is executed only for a specific user. If you want to create an environment for yourself go ahead and modify or create this file in your home directory.
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* _**\~/.profile, \~/.bash\_profile, \~/.bash\_login**_**:** These files are same as _/etc/profile_. The difference comes in the way it is executed. This file is executed only when a user in whose home directory this file exists, logs in.
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**Extracted from:** [**here**](https://codeburst.io/linux-environment-variables-53cea0245dc9) **and** [**here**](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html\_node/Bash-Startup-Files.html)
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## Common variables
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From: [https://geek-university.com/linux/common-environment-variables/](https://geek-university.com/linux/common-environment-variables/)
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* **DISPLAY** – the display used by **X**. This variable is usually set to **:0.0**, which means the first display on the current computer.
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* **EDITOR** – the user’s preferred text editor.
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* **HISTFILESIZE** – the maximum number of lines contained in the history file.
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* \*\*HISTSIZE - \*\*Number of lines added to the history file when the user finish his session
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* **HOME** – your home directory.
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* **HOSTNAME** – the hostname of the computer.
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* **LANG** – your current language.
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* **MAIL** – the location of the user’s mail spool. Usually **/var/spool/mail/USER**.
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* **MANPATH** – the list of directories to search for manual pages.
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* **OSTYPE** – the type of operating system.
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* **PS1** – the default prompt in bash.
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* \*\*PATH - \*\*stores the path of all the directories which holds binary files you want to execute just by specifying the name of the file and not by relative or absolute path.
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* **PWD** – the current working directory.
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* **SHELL** – the path to the current command shell (for example, **/bin/bash**).
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* **TERM** – the current terminal type (for example, **xterm**).
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* **TZ** – your time zone.
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* **USER** – your current username.
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## Interesting variables for hacking
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### **HISTFILESIZE**
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Change the **value of this variable to 0**, so when you **end your session** the **history file** (\~/.bash\_history) **will be deleted**.
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```bash
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export HISTFILESIZE=0
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```
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### **HISTSIZE**
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Change the **value of this variable to 0**, so when you **end your session** any command will be added to the **history file** (\~/.bash\_history).
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```bash
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export HISTSIZE=0
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```
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### http\_proxy & https\_proxy
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The processes will use the **proxy** declared here to connect to internet through **http or https**.
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```bash
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export http_proxy="http://10.10.10.10:8080"
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export https_proxy="http://10.10.10.10:8080"
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```
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### SSL\_CERT\_FILE & SSL\_CERT\_DIR
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The processes will trust the certificates indicated in **these env variables**.
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```bash
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export SSL_CERT_FILE=/path/to/ca-bundle.pem
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export SSL_CERT_DIR=/path/to/ca-certificates
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```
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### PS1
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Change how your prompt looks.
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I have created [**this one**](https://gist.github.com/carlospolop/43f7cd50f3deea972439af3222b68808) (based on another, read the code).
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Root:
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.png>)
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Regular user:
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.png>)
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One, two and three backgrounded jobs:
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.png>)
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One background job, one stopped and last command didn't finish correctly:
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.png>)
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<details>
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<summary><a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ HackTricks LIVE Twitch</strong></a> <strong>Wednesdays 5.30pm (UTC) 🎙️ -</strong> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
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* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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