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110,995 - Test di penetrazione POP

Impara l'hacking AWS da zero a eroe con htARTE (Esperto Red Team AWS di HackTricks)!

Informazioni di Base

Il Protocollo di Ufficio Postale (POP) è descritto come un protocollo nell'ambito delle reti informatiche e di Internet, utilizzato per l'estrazione e il recupero delle email da un server di posta remoto, rendendole accessibili sul dispositivo locale. Posizionato all'interno dello strato dell'applicazione del modello OSI, questo protocollo consente agli utenti di recuperare e ricevere email. Il funzionamento dei client POP di solito comporta l'instaurazione di una connessione al server di posta, il download di tutti i messaggi, la memorizzazione di questi messaggi localmente sul sistema del client e successivamente la loro rimozione dal server. Anche se ci sono tre iterazioni di questo protocollo, POP3 spicca come la versione più comunemente impiegata.

Porte predefinite: 110, 995(ssl)

PORT    STATE SERVICE
110/tcp open  pop3

Enumerazione

Banner Grabbing

nc -nv <IP> 110
openssl s_client -connect <IP>:995 -crlf -quiet

Manuale

Puoi utilizzare il comando CAPA per ottenere le capacità del server POP3.

Automatizzato

nmap --script "pop3-capabilities or pop3-ntlm-info" -sV -port <PORT> <IP> #All are default scripts

Il plugin pop3-ntlm-info restituirà alcuni dati "sensibili" (versioni di Windows).

Bruteforce POP3

Sintassi POP

Esempi di comandi POP da qui

POP commands:
USER uid           Log in as "uid"
PASS password      Substitue "password" for your actual password
STAT               List number of messages, total mailbox size
LIST               List messages and sizes
RETR n             Show message n
DELE n             Mark message n for deletion
RSET               Undo any changes
QUIT               Logout (expunges messages if no RSET)
TOP msg n          Show first n lines of message number msg
CAPA               Get capabilities

Post Office Protocol (POP)

POP is a protocol used by email clients to retrieve emails from a mail server. During a penetration test, you can attempt to retrieve emails from a target's mail server using tools like telnet or dedicated email clients configured to use POP. This can potentially expose sensitive information such as login credentials, personal conversations, or attachments.

Testing for Weak Credentials

One common attack scenario is testing for weak credentials by attempting to log in to the POP server using commonly used usernames and passwords. Tools like Hydra or Medusa can automate this process by trying different combinations of usernames and passwords until a successful login is achieved.

Brute Forcing

Brute forcing can also be used to crack weak passwords by systematically trying all possible combinations until the correct one is found. This can be a time-consuming process but can be effective against weak passwords.

Man-in-the-Middle Attacks

Performing a man-in-the-middle attack on POP communications can allow an attacker to intercept and read emails being transmitted between the email client and the mail server. This can be achieved by ARP poisoning or using tools like Ettercap to intercept and analyze the traffic.

Conclusion

Testing the security of POP services during a penetration test can help identify vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information. It is important to secure POP servers by using strong passwords, encryption, and monitoring for any suspicious activity.

root@kali:~# telnet $ip 110
+OK beta POP3 server (JAMES POP3 Server 2.3.2) ready
USER billydean
+OK
PASS password
+OK Welcome billydean

list

+OK 2 1807
1 786
2 1021

retr 1

+OK Message follows
From: jamesbrown@motown.com
Dear Billy Dean,

Here is your login for remote desktop ... try not to forget it this time!
username: billydean
password: PA$$W0RD!Z

Impostazioni Pericolose

Da https://academy.hackthebox.com/module/112/section/1073

Impostazione Descrizione
auth_debug Abilita tutti i log di debug dell'autenticazione.
auth_debug_passwords Questa impostazione regola la verbosità del log, le password inviate e lo schema vengono registrati.
auth_verbose Registra i tentativi di autenticazione non riusciti e le relative cause.
auth_verbose_passwords Le password utilizzate per l'autenticazione vengono registrate e possono anche essere troncate.
auth_anonymous_username Specifica il nome utente da utilizzare durante l'accesso con il meccanismo SASL ANONYMOUS.

Comandi Automatici di HackTricks

Protocol_Name:  POP   #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number:  110     #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: Post Office Protocol         #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out

Entry_1:
Name: Notes
Description: Notes for POP
Note: |
Post Office Protocol (POP) is described as a protocol within the realm of computer networking and the Internet, which is utilized for the extraction and retrieval of email from a remote mail server**, making it accessible on the local device. Positioned within the application layer of the OSI model, this protocol enables users to fetch and receive email. The operation of POP clients typically involves establishing a connection to the mail server, downloading all messages, storing these messages locally on the client system, and subsequently removing them from the server. Although there are three iterations of this protocol, POP3 stands out as the most prevalently employed version.

https://book.hacktricks.xyz/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-pop

Entry_2:
Name: Banner Grab
Description: Banner Grab 110
Command: nc -nv {IP} 110

Entry_3:
Name: Banner Grab 995
Description: Grab Banner Secure
Command: openssl s_client -connect {IP}:995 -crlf -quiet

Entry_4:
Name: Nmap
Description: Scan for POP info
Command: nmap --script "pop3-capabilities or pop3-ntlm-info" -sV -p 110 {IP}

Entry_5:
Name: Hydra Brute Force
Description: Need User
Command: hydra -l {Username} -P {Big_Passwordlist} -f {IP} pop3 -V

Entry_6:
Name: consolesless mfs enumeration
Description: POP3 enumeration without the need to run msfconsole
Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion
Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/pop3/pop3_version; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 110; run; exit'
Impara l'hacking AWS da zero a eroe con htARTE (Esperto Red Team AWS di HackTricks)!