mirror of
https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks
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402 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
402 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
# macOS Objective-C
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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{% endhint %}
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{% endhint %}
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{% endhint %}
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{% endhint %}
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{% endhint %}
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{% endhint %}
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{% endhint %}
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{% endhint %}
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{% endhint %}
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{% endhint %}
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{% endhint %}
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{% endhint %}
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{% endhint %}
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{% endhint %}
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## Objective-C
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{% hint style="danger" %}
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Napomena da programi napisani u Objective-C **zadržavaju** svoje deklaracije klasa **kada** su **kompilirani** u [Mach-O binarne datoteke](macos-files-folders-and-binaries/universal-binaries-and-mach-o-format.md). Takve deklaracije klasa **uključuju** ime i tip:
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{% endhint %}
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* Klase
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* Metode klase
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* Varijable instanci klase
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Možete dobiti ove informacije koristeći [**class-dump**](https://github.com/nygard/class-dump):
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```bash
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class-dump Kindle.app
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```
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Napomena da bi ova imena mogla biti obfuskovana kako bi se otežalo obrnuto inženjerstvo binarnog koda.
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## Klase, Metode i Objekti
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### Interfejs, Svojstva i Metode
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```objectivec
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// Declare the interface of the class
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@interface MyVehicle : NSObject
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// Declare the properties
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@property NSString *vehicleType;
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@property int numberOfWheels;
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// Declare the methods
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- (void)startEngine;
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- (void)addWheels:(int)value;
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@end
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```
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### **Klasa**
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```objectivec
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@implementation MyVehicle : NSObject
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// No need to indicate the properties, only define methods
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- (void)startEngine {
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NSLog(@"Engine started");
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}
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- (void)addWheels:(int)value {
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self.numberOfWheels += value;
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}
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@end
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```
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### **Objekat & Pozivanje Metode**
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Da biste kreirali instancu klase, poziva se metoda **`alloc`** koja **alokira memoriju** za svaku **svojstvo** i **postavlja** te alokacije na **nulu**. Zatim se poziva **`init`**, koja **inicijalizuje svojstva** na **potrebne vrednosti**.
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```objectivec
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// Something like this:
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MyVehicle *newVehicle = [[MyVehicle alloc] init];
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// Which is usually expressed as:
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MyVehicle *newVehicle = [MyVehicle new];
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// To call a method
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// [myClassInstance nameOfTheMethodFirstParam:param1 secondParam:param2]
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[newVehicle addWheels:4];
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```
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### **Class Methods**
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Klasa metode se definišu sa **plus znakom** (+) a ne sa crticom (-) koja se koristi sa instancama metoda. Kao što je **NSString** klasa metoda **`stringWithString`**:
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```objectivec
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+ (id)stringWithString:(NSString *)aString;
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```
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### Setter & Getter
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Da **postavite** i **dobijete** svojstva, možete to uraditi sa **tačkom** ili kao da **pozivate metodu**:
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```objectivec
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// Set
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newVehicle.numberOfWheels = 2;
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[newVehicle setNumberOfWheels:3];
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// Get
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NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", newVehicle.numberOfWheels);
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NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", [newVehicle numberOfWheels]);
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```
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### **Instance Variables**
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Alternativno setter i getter metodama možete koristiti instance varijable. Ove varijable imaju isto ime kao svojstva, ali počinju sa "\_":
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```objectivec
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- (void)makeLongTruck {
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_numberOfWheels = +10000;
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NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", self.numberOfLeaves);
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}
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```
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### Протоколи
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Протоколи су сет декларација метода (без својстава). Класа која имплементира протокол имплементира декларисане методе.
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Постоје 2 типа метода: **обавезни** и **опционални**. По **дефиницији** метод је **обавезан** (али то можете и да назначите са **`@required`** ознаком). Да бисте назначили да је метод опционалан, користите **`@optional`**.
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```objectivec
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@protocol myNewProtocol
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- (void) method1; //mandatory
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@required
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- (void) method2; //mandatory
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@optional
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- (void) method3; //optional
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@end
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```
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### Sve zajedno
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```objectivec
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// gcc -framework Foundation test_obj.m -o test_obj
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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
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@protocol myVehicleProtocol
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- (void) startEngine; //mandatory
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@required
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- (void) addWheels:(int)value; //mandatory
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@optional
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- (void) makeLongTruck; //optional
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@end
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@interface MyVehicle : NSObject <myVehicleProtocol>
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@property int numberOfWheels;
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- (void)startEngine;
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- (void)addWheels:(int)value;
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- (void)makeLongTruck;
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@end
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@implementation MyVehicle : NSObject
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- (void)startEngine {
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NSLog(@"Engine started");
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}
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- (void)addWheels:(int)value {
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self.numberOfWheels += value;
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}
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- (void)makeLongTruck {
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_numberOfWheels = +10000;
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NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", self.numberOfWheels);
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}
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@end
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int main() {
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MyVehicle* mySuperCar = [MyVehicle new];
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[mySuperCar startEngine];
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mySuperCar.numberOfWheels = 4;
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NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", mySuperCar.numberOfWheels);
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[mySuperCar setNumberOfWheels:3];
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NSLog(@"Number of wheels: %i", mySuperCar.numberOfWheels);
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[mySuperCar makeLongTruck];
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}
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```
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### Osnovne klase
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#### String
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```objectivec
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// NSString
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NSString *bookTitle = @"The Catcher in the Rye";
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NSString *bookAuthor = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:"J.D. Salinger" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
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NSString *bookPublicationYear = [NSString stringWithCString:"1951" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
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```
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{% endcode %}
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Osnovne klase su **nepromenljive**, tako da da biste dodali string postojećem, potrebno je **napraviti novi NSString**.
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```objectivec
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NSString *bookDescription = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ by %@ was published in %@", bookTitle, bookAuthor, bookPublicationYear];
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```
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{% endcode %}
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Ili možete koristiti i **mutable** klasu stringa:
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```objectivec
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NSMutableString *mutableString = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"The book "];
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[mutableString appendString:bookTitle];
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[mutableString appendString:@" was written by "];
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[mutableString appendString:bookAuthor];
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[mutableString appendString:@" and published in "];
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[mutableString appendString:bookPublicationYear];
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```
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#### Broj
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```objectivec
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// character literals.
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NSNumber *theLetterZ = @'Z'; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithChar:'Z']
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// integral literals.
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NSNumber *fortyTwo = @42; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithInt:42]
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NSNumber *fortyTwoUnsigned = @42U; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInt:42U]
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NSNumber *fortyTwoLong = @42L; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithLong:42L]
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NSNumber *fortyTwoLongLong = @42LL; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithLongLong:42LL]
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// floating point literals.
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NSNumber *piFloat = @3.141592654F; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithFloat:3.141592654F]
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NSNumber *piDouble = @3.1415926535; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithDouble:3.1415926535]
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// BOOL literals.
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NSNumber *yesNumber = @YES; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES]
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NSNumber *noNumber = @NO; // equivalent to [NSNumber numberWithBool:NO]
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```
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#### Nizovi, Skupovi i Rečnici
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```objectivec
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// Inmutable arrays
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NSArray *colorsArray1 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"red", @"green", @"blue", nil];
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NSArray *colorsArray2 = @[@"yellow", @"cyan", @"magenta"];
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NSArray *colorsArray3 = @[firstColor, secondColor, thirdColor];
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// Mutable arrays
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NSMutableArray *mutColorsArray = [NSMutableArray array];
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[mutColorsArray addObject:@"red"];
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[mutColorsArray addObject:@"green"];
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[mutColorsArray addObject:@"blue"];
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[mutColorsArray addObject:@"yellow"];
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[mutColorsArray replaceObjectAtIndex:0 withObject:@"purple"];
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// Inmutable Sets
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NSSet *fruitsSet1 = [NSSet setWithObjects:@"apple", @"banana", @"orange", nil];
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NSSet *fruitsSet2 = [NSSet setWithArray:@[@"apple", @"banana", @"orange"]];
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// Mutable sets
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NSMutableSet *mutFruitsSet = [NSMutableSet setWithObjects:@"apple", @"banana", @"orange", nil];
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[mutFruitsSet addObject:@"grape"];
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[mutFruitsSet removeObject:@"apple"];
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// Dictionary
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NSDictionary *fruitColorsDictionary = @{
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@"apple" : @"red",
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@"banana" : @"yellow",
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@"orange" : @"orange",
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@"grape" : @"purple"
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};
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// In dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys you specify the value and then the key:
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NSDictionary *fruitColorsDictionary2 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
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@"red", @"apple",
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@"yellow", @"banana",
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@"orange", @"orange",
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@"purple", @"grape",
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nil];
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// Mutable dictionary
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NSMutableDictionary *mutFruitColorsDictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:fruitColorsDictionary];
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[mutFruitColorsDictionary setObject:@"green" forKey:@"apple"];
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[mutFruitColorsDictionary removeObjectForKey:@"grape"];
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```
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{% endcode %}
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### Blokovi
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Blokovi su **funkcije koje se ponašaju kao objekti** tako da mogu biti prosleđeni funkcijama ili **smešteni** u **nizove** ili **rečnike**. Takođe, mogu **predstavljati vrednost ako im se dodele vrednosti** pa je to slično lambdama.
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```objectivec
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returnType (^blockName)(argumentType1, argumentType2, ...) = ^(argumentType1 param1, argumentType2 param2, ...){
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//Perform operations here
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};
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// For example
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int (^suma)(int, int) = ^(int a, int b){
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return a+b;
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};
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NSLog(@"3+4 = %d", suma(3,4));
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```
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{% endcode %}
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Takođe je moguće **definisati tip bloka koji će se koristiti kao parametar** u funkcijama:
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```objectivec
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// Define the block type
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typedef void (^callbackLogger)(void);
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// Create a bloack with the block type
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callbackLogger myLogger = ^{
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NSLog(@"%@", @"This is my block");
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};
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// Use it inside a function as a param
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void genericLogger(callbackLogger blockParam) {
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NSLog(@"%@", @"This is my function");
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blockParam();
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}
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genericLogger(myLogger);
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// Call it inline
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genericLogger(^{
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NSLog(@"%@", @"This is my second block");
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});
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```
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### Datoteke
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```objectivec
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// Manager to manage files
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NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
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// Check if file exists:
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if ([fileManager fileExistsAtPath:@"/path/to/file.txt" ] == YES) {
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NSLog (@"File exists");
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}
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// copy files
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if ([fileManager copyItemAtPath: @"/path/to/file1.txt" toPath: @"/path/to/file2.txt" error:nil] == YES) {
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NSLog (@"Copy successful");
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}
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// Check if the content of 2 files match
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if ([fileManager contentsEqualAtPath:@"/path/to/file1.txt" andPath:@"/path/to/file2.txt"] == YES) {
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NSLog (@"File contents match");
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}
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// Delete file
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if ([fileManager removeItemAtPath:@"/path/to/file1.txt" error:nil]) {
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NSLog(@"Removed successfully");
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}
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```
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{% endcode %}
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Takođe je moguće upravljati datotekama **koristeći `NSURL` objekte umesto `NSString`** objekata. Imena metoda su slična, ali **sa `URL` umesto `Path`**.
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```objectivec
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
|
||
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
|
||
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||
<details>
|
||
|
||
<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
|
||
|
||
* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
|
||
* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
|
||
* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
||
|
||
</details>
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{% endhint %}
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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</details>
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||
{% endhint %}
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||
</details>
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||
{% endhint %}
|
||
</details>
|
||
{% endhint %}hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
|
||
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||
{% endhint %}
|
||
</details>
|
||
{% endhint %}
|
||
</details>
|
||
{% endhint %}
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